纯电动城市客车EMB执行机构驱动电机制动性能分析
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摘要
传统气压制动系统存在压缩机、制动油箱和空气管路,占据较大空间,而采用电子机械制动(EMB)系统代替,不但可以减小空间,还能实现对夹紧力的快速响应和精确控制。以纯电动城市客车为目标车型,讨论了EMB执行机构方案,根据传统气压盘式制动器最大夹紧力推导出电机的堵转转矩和空载转速。据此设计了永磁无刷直流驱动电机,堵转转矩为10 N·m,空载转速为370 r/min。在Maxwell 2D中搭建驱动电机有限元模型,分析电机在消除间隙阶段和夹紧力增加阶段的制动性能。结果表明所设计的驱动电机制动性能可满足要求。
The traditional pneumatic brake system occupies large space for the compressor, brake reservoir and air pipe. Replacing the pneumatic brake system with electro-mechanical brate(EMB) system could reduce the space significantly. In addition, it could reduce the latency time and control the clamping force precisely. Taking electric urban bus as the research target, the scheme of EMB actuator was discussed. The locked torque and the no-load speed were deduced according to the maximum clamping force of the traditional pneumatic disc brake. Based on this, a permanent magnet brushless direct current(BLDC) drive motor was designed, with the locked torque of 10 N·m and no-load speed of 370 r/min. Then the finite element model of motor was established by using Maxwell 2 D, and the braking performance during the phases of eliminating clearance and clamping force increasing was analyzed. The results showed that the braking performance of the designed drive motor could meet the requirements.
The traditional pneumatic brake system occupies large space for the compressor, brake reservoir and air pipe. Replacing the pneumatic brake system with electro-mechanical brate(EMB) system could reduce the space significantly. In addition, it could reduce the latency time and control the clamping force precisely. Taking electric urban bus as the research target, the scheme of EMB actuator was discussed. The locked torque and the no-load speed were deduced according to the maximum clamping force of the traditional pneumatic disc brake. Based on this, a permanent magnet brushless direct current(BLDC) drive motor was designed, with the locked torque of 10 N·m and no-load speed of 370 r/min. Then the finite element model of motor was established by using Maxwell 2 D, and the braking performance during the phases of eliminating clearance and clamping force increasing was analyzed. The results showed that the braking performance of the designed drive motor could meet the requirements.
引文
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[2] TANELLI M, ASTOLFI A, SAVARESI S M. Robust nonlinear output feedback control for brake by wire control systems[J].Automatica,2008,44(4): 1078.
[3] SCHENK D E, WELLS R L, MILLER J E. Intelligent braking for current and future vehicles[C]//1995 SAE International Congress and Exposition,1995: 43.
[4] JONNER W D, WINNER H, DREILICH L, et al. Electrohydraulic brake system: the first approach to brake-by-wire technology[C]//1996 SAE International Congress and Exposition,1996: 105.
[5] WEI Z, XU J, HALIM D. Clamping force control of sensor-less electro-mechanical brake actuator[J].2017 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation,2017: 764.
[6] 夏长亮,刘均华,俞卫,等. 基于扩张状态观测器的永磁无刷直流电机滑模变结构控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(20): 139.
[7] LIANG B, ZHU Y, LI Y, et al. Adaptive nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode control for braking systems with electro-mechanical actuators based on radial basis function[J].Energies,2017,10(10): 1637.
[8] 赵一博.电子机械制动系统执行机构的研究与开发[D].北京:清华大学,2010.
[9] 傅云峰.汽车电子机械制动系统设计及其关键技术研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2013.
[10] 卢甲华.汽车EMB系统性能分析与优化[D].重庆:重庆大学,2015.
[11] SEVERINSSON L, LINDQVIST A. Park lock and pad wear adjusting arrangement for electrically actuated brake: US9732813B2[P].2017-08-15.
[12] BAUMANN D,HOFMANN D,VOLLERT H,et al. Self boosting electromechanical friction brake:US8002088[P].2011-08-23.
[13] WINKLER T,KLIMT A,HESS T,et al.Combined vehicle brake with electromechanically actuable parking brake:US20110162935A1[P].2011-07-07.
[14] WIMMER G H,V?LKEL J.Operating device for an electromechanically actuated disk brake: US6889800B2[P].2005-05-10.
[15] HILZINGER J,SCHUMANN F,BLOSCH G,et al.Electromechanical wheel brake device:US6806602B2[P].2004-10-19.
[16] PARK G,CHOI S,HYUN D. Clamping force estimation based on hysteresis modeling for electro-mechanical brakes[J].International Journal of Automotive Technology,2017,18(5): 883.
[17] LEE S M,PARK J H,NAM K H,et al.Design of wedge in the electro-mechanical brakes for commercial vehicles to boost braking friction forces[J].Tribology and Lubricants,2018,34(2): 55.
[18] CHOE B D,HWANG W H,HUH K S. Modeling of EMB (electro mechanical brake) to emulate gearbox fault and control[J].Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers,2012,20(6): 33.