广州、佛山两地学龄期儿童家庭二手烟暴露及自我保护行为调查研究
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摘要
目的了解广州、佛山地区学龄期儿童家庭二手烟暴露情况及其面对暴露时的自我保护行为。方法采用自行编制的学龄期儿童二手烟暴露及自我保护行为问卷,对广州、佛山两地共385名三年级以上的小学生进行问卷调查。结果 9.2%的小学生曾经尝试过吸烟,且男童显著高于女童(χ2=9.269,P=0.002);46.8%的学龄期儿童与1个或以上的吸烟者同住,且42.6%的吸烟者每天吸烟;学龄期儿童家庭二手烟暴露的来源除了家庭成员,还有客人,其中29.3%学龄期儿童在调查前一个月内曾暴露在客人的二手烟中,42.6%的家人会主动提供香烟给客人;暴露的场所除了家庭室内还有私家车;但90%以上的学龄期儿童不认可吸烟行为,且认为二手烟对自身有害;面对二手烟暴露,98.8%学龄期儿童会采取主动或者被动的自我保护行为,并且其中大部分会尝试劝家人戒烟,而女童更倾向于劝解家人戒烟(χ2=7.161,P=0.012)。66.7%的吸烟家长被儿童劝解戒烟后会有积极的改变,其中有8.8%学龄期儿童报告吸烟者戒烟了。结论广州、佛山地区学龄期儿童家庭二手烟暴露情况不容乐观,儿童对被动吸烟有一定的自我保护能力,在性别方面需要针对性的指导。控烟工作应注意将儿童与家长结合起来,共同创建无烟家庭。
Objective To investigate the status of household second-hand smoke(SHS)exposure among school-aged children in Guangzhou and Foshan and their self-protection behavior. Method Totally 385school-age children in Grades 4and above from primary schools in Guangzhou and Foshan were investigated with self-designed questionnaires. ResultsThe surveyed results showed that the smoking attempt rate of the school-aged children was 9.2%,and the boys' smoking-attempting rate was significantly higher than that of the girls'(χ2=9.269,P=0.002).46.8% of school-aged children were living with at least 1smoker,and 42.6% of smokers smoked almost every day.Second-hand smoke in the house could come from family members as well as guests,nearly 30% of the school-aged children were exposed to second-hand smoke from guests in one month,42.6% of the families even offered guests cigarettes.Except in houses,the exposure also took place in private cars.But most of children didn't approve of smoking and held that second-hand smoke is harmful to them.Faced with second-hand smoke exposure from family members,98.8% of school-age children took active or passive self-protective action,some had advised household smokers to quit smoking.Girls were more likely to persuade family members to give up smoking(χ~2=7.161,P= 0.012).Almost 70% of smokers had positive changes after their children's persuasion and 8.8%of them had quit smoking. Conclusion The present situation of the school-age children's exposure to second-hand smoke is still serious.However,children have certain self-protection ability to passive smoking and need more gender-specific guidance.Attention should be paid to combining children's and parents' strengths to create " Smoke-Free Homes" on tobacco control in China.
Objective To investigate the status of household second-hand smoke(SHS)exposure among school-aged children in Guangzhou and Foshan and their self-protection behavior. Method Totally 385school-age children in Grades 4and above from primary schools in Guangzhou and Foshan were investigated with self-designed questionnaires. ResultsThe surveyed results showed that the smoking attempt rate of the school-aged children was 9.2%,and the boys' smoking-attempting rate was significantly higher than that of the girls'(χ2=9.269,P=0.002).46.8% of school-aged children were living with at least 1smoker,and 42.6% of smokers smoked almost every day.Second-hand smoke in the house could come from family members as well as guests,nearly 30% of the school-aged children were exposed to second-hand smoke from guests in one month,42.6% of the families even offered guests cigarettes.Except in houses,the exposure also took place in private cars.But most of children didn't approve of smoking and held that second-hand smoke is harmful to them.Faced with second-hand smoke exposure from family members,98.8% of school-age children took active or passive self-protective action,some had advised household smokers to quit smoking.Girls were more likely to persuade family members to give up smoking(χ~2=7.161,P= 0.012).Almost 70% of smokers had positive changes after their children's persuasion and 8.8%of them had quit smoking. Conclusion The present situation of the school-age children's exposure to second-hand smoke is still serious.However,children have certain self-protection ability to passive smoking and need more gender-specific guidance.Attention should be paid to combining children's and parents' strengths to create " Smoke-Free Homes" on tobacco control in China.
引文
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[4]Okoli CTC,Kodet J.A systematic review of secondhand tobacco smoke exposure and smoking behaviors:Smoking status,susceptibility,initiation,dependence,and cessation[J].Addictive Behaviors,2015,47:22-32.
[5]Veeranki SP,Mamudu HM,Zheng S,et al.Secondhand smoke exposure among never-smoking youth in 168countries[J].Journal of Adolescent Health,2015,56(2):167-173.
[6]杨功焕,胡鞍钢.控烟与中国未来:中外专家中国烟草使用与烟草控制联合评估报告[M].北京:经济日报出版社,2011:116.
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[8]Chan SS,Sarna L,Danao LL.Are nurses prepared to curb the tobacco epidemic in China?A questionnaire survey of schools of nursing[J].Int J Nurs Stud,2008,45(5):706-713.
[9]WHO.Global adult tobacco survey fact sheet 2010[EB/OL].[2015-12-25].http://www.who.int/tobacco/surveillance/en_tfi_china_gats_factsheet_2010.pdf
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[12]刘汝青,宋宏,傅洪军,等.儿童被动吸烟现状及宣传教育效果评价[J].中国公共卫生,2007,23(01):121-122.
[13]余杨,汪俊,官水存.小学生二手烟危害健康教育效果评价分析[J].医学信息,2014,27(12):455-456.
[14]卫生部履行《烟草控制框架公约》领导小组办公室.2008年中国控制吸烟报告-禁止烟草广告和促销,确保无烟青春好年华[J].中国健康教育,2009,25(01):61-63.
[15]钱军程,饶克勤,高军,等.戒烟与复吸影响因素及戒烟者健康状况分析[J].中国卫生统计,2009,26(02):150-153.
[16]Yang T,Fisher KJ,Li F,et al.Attitudes to smoking cessation and triggers to relapse among Chinese male smokers[J].BMC Public Health,2006,6:65.
[17]李恂,董丽君,孙百军,等.吸烟者戒烟意愿及影响因素分析[J].中国预防医学杂志,2010,11(07):663-667.
[18]孟仲莹.50例戒烟成功者原因分析及控烟方法探讨[J].中国健康教育,2004,20(05):50-51.
[19]纪锋颖.青岛市儿童被动吸烟状况及干预效果研究[J].实用预防医学,2008,15(04):1039-1043.
[20]Precioso J,Samorinha C,Calheiros JM,et al.Second hand smoke(SHS)exposure in children.An evaluation of a preventative measure[J].Rev Port Pneumol,2010,16(1):57-72.
[2]Bauer NS,Anand V,Carroll AE,et al.Secondhand smoke exposure,parental depressive symptoms and preschool behavioral outcomes[J].Journal of Pediatric Nursing,2015,30(1):227-235.
[3]Schuck K,Otten R,Engels RCME,et al.The role of environmental smoking in smoking-related cognitions and susceptibility to smoking in never-smoking 9~12-year-old children[J].Addictive Behaviors,2012,37(12):1400-1405.
[4]Okoli CTC,Kodet J.A systematic review of secondhand tobacco smoke exposure and smoking behaviors:Smoking status,susceptibility,initiation,dependence,and cessation[J].Addictive Behaviors,2015,47:22-32.
[5]Veeranki SP,Mamudu HM,Zheng S,et al.Secondhand smoke exposure among never-smoking youth in 168countries[J].Journal of Adolescent Health,2015,56(2):167-173.
[6]杨功焕,胡鞍钢.控烟与中国未来:中外专家中国烟草使用与烟草控制联合评估报告[M].北京:经济日报出版社,2011:116.
[7]Chan SS,Sarna L,Wong DC,et al.Nurses'tobacco-related knowledge,attitudes,and practice in four major cities in China[J].J Nurs Scholarsh,2007,39(1):46-53.
[8]Chan SS,Sarna L,Danao LL.Are nurses prepared to curb the tobacco epidemic in China?A questionnaire survey of schools of nursing[J].Int J Nurs Stud,2008,45(5):706-713.
[9]WHO.Global adult tobacco survey fact sheet 2010[EB/OL].[2015-12-25].http://www.who.int/tobacco/surveillance/en_tfi_china_gats_factsheet_2010.pdf
[10]Shaffer DR.发展心理学:儿童与青少年[M].6版.北京:中国轻工业出版社,2005:478.
[11]杨雄,贺荟中,陈建军.上海地区儿童权利家庭保护影响因素分析[J].当代青年研究,2007,19(08):1-9.
[12]刘汝青,宋宏,傅洪军,等.儿童被动吸烟现状及宣传教育效果评价[J].中国公共卫生,2007,23(01):121-122.
[13]余杨,汪俊,官水存.小学生二手烟危害健康教育效果评价分析[J].医学信息,2014,27(12):455-456.
[14]卫生部履行《烟草控制框架公约》领导小组办公室.2008年中国控制吸烟报告-禁止烟草广告和促销,确保无烟青春好年华[J].中国健康教育,2009,25(01):61-63.
[15]钱军程,饶克勤,高军,等.戒烟与复吸影响因素及戒烟者健康状况分析[J].中国卫生统计,2009,26(02):150-153.
[16]Yang T,Fisher KJ,Li F,et al.Attitudes to smoking cessation and triggers to relapse among Chinese male smokers[J].BMC Public Health,2006,6:65.
[17]李恂,董丽君,孙百军,等.吸烟者戒烟意愿及影响因素分析[J].中国预防医学杂志,2010,11(07):663-667.
[18]孟仲莹.50例戒烟成功者原因分析及控烟方法探讨[J].中国健康教育,2004,20(05):50-51.
[19]纪锋颖.青岛市儿童被动吸烟状况及干预效果研究[J].实用预防医学,2008,15(04):1039-1043.
[20]Precioso J,Samorinha C,Calheiros JM,et al.Second hand smoke(SHS)exposure in children.An evaluation of a preventative measure[J].Rev Port Pneumol,2010,16(1):57-72.