收获期马铃薯茎秧切割及杀秧刀片设计与试验
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摘要
针对现有马铃薯杀秧机田间作业时存在杀秧阻力大、茎秧易缠绕等问题,依照Box-Behnken试验设计原理,以测试马铃薯茎秧切割强度为指标,建立了切割方式、切割速度、切割高度与切割强度的数学模型,并对各因素及其交互作用进行分析。结果表明:切割方式和切割高度对切割强度的影响极显著(P<0.001),切割速度对切割强度影响较显著(P<0.05)。应用对数螺线方程对锯齿型刀具进行进一步优化,设计了等滑切角锯齿型切割及粉碎刀片,通过对收获期马铃薯茎秧的切割及粉碎验证试验并与参照指标进行比较,结果表明:打碎长度合格率提高16.7%,留茬高度为45 mm,带薯率为0.15%,均优于参照标准。该文设计的刀片在杀秧过程中受力均匀,具有降低杀秧功耗、提高杀秧效率的作用,可以改进马铃薯杀秧机工作性能。
The existing machine for cutting potato haulm has some problems such as excessive cutting resistance,easy haulm entangling,and excessive fuel consumption. In order to solve these problems, a mathematical model for cutting type, speed, height and strength was established based on the principle of Box-Behnken test design and using the cutting strength of potato haulm as an indicator.The results showed that the cutting type and height had very significant effects on the cutting strength of potato haulm(P<0.001). The cutting speed also had significant influence on the cutting strength(P<0.05). This paper established a logarithmic spiral equation to further optimize saw-tooth blade. We designed a special equal slide-cutting angel saw-tooth blade for cutting potato haulm.The experiment of cutting and crushing potato haulm during harvest stage was carried out and compared with reference indexes. The results showed that under the same cutting conditions the qualified crush rate was increased by 16.7%and the rate of tuber-pullout was 0.15% compared with the ordinary blade and the stubble height was 45 mm. The stress was uniform in the process of removing haulm. The new design significantly reduced the fuel consumption and improved the cutting efficiency. This research has important significance in improving the performance of cutting machine for potato haulm.
The existing machine for cutting potato haulm has some problems such as excessive cutting resistance,easy haulm entangling,and excessive fuel consumption. In order to solve these problems, a mathematical model for cutting type, speed, height and strength was established based on the principle of Box-Behnken test design and using the cutting strength of potato haulm as an indicator.The results showed that the cutting type and height had very significant effects on the cutting strength of potato haulm(P<0.001). The cutting speed also had significant influence on the cutting strength(P<0.05). This paper established a logarithmic spiral equation to further optimize saw-tooth blade. We designed a special equal slide-cutting angel saw-tooth blade for cutting potato haulm.The experiment of cutting and crushing potato haulm during harvest stage was carried out and compared with reference indexes. The results showed that under the same cutting conditions the qualified crush rate was increased by 16.7%and the rate of tuber-pullout was 0.15% compared with the ordinary blade and the stubble height was 45 mm. The stress was uniform in the process of removing haulm. The new design significantly reduced the fuel consumption and improved the cutting efficiency. This research has important significance in improving the performance of cutting machine for potato haulm.
引文
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[20] 张西良,孙晓佳,徐云峰,等.黄瓜藤秸秆力学特性与显微结构研究[J].农机化研究,2014,36(4):156-159.
[21] 杜现军.棉秆力学特性研究与切割实验台的研制[D].泰安:山东农业大学机械与电子工程学院,2011.
[22] 贾洪雷,姜鑫铭,郭明卓,等.V-L型秸秆粉碎还田刀片设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(1):28-33.
[23] 谢洪昌,赵世宏,高勇.评价马铃薯打秧机作业质量的指标及检测方法[J].现代化农业,2011(11):44-46.
[2] 吕金庆,尚琴琴,杨颖,等.马铃薯杀秧机设计优化与试验[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(5):106-114,98.
[3] 冯斌,孙伟,吴建民.马铃薯杀秧机刀片的试验研究[J].中国农机化学报,2016,37(1):26-29.
[4] 杜宏伟,綦耀光,杨然兵.薯垄仿形马铃薯杀秧机的研制[J].农机化研究,2013,35(12):98-100,104.
[5] 周申,蒋金琳,田艳清,等.小型马铃薯杀秧机的设计与田间试验[J].农机化研究,2014,36(11):122-125.
[6] 吴明亮,官春云,汤楚宙,等.油菜茎秆切割力影响因素试验[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(6):141-144.
[7] 王丽娟,石林榕,杨国军,等.玉米秸秆切割过程的非线性数值模拟与仿真试验[J].干旱地区农业研究,2013,31(6):252-256.
[8] 郑智旗,何进,李洪文,等.动定刀支撑滑切式秸秆粉碎装置设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(S1):108-116.
[9] 沈成,李显旺,张彬,等.苎麻茎秆台架切割试验与分析[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(1):68-76.
[10] 马永昌,李庆东,张建军.麦秸秆受切特性的试验研究[J].中国农机化,2006,(4):75-77.
[11] 赵湛,李耀明,徐立章,等.超级稻单茎秆切割力学性能试验[J].农业机械学报,2010,41(10):72-75.
[12] 郭维俊,王芬娥,黄高宝,等.小麦叶片力学性能及其微观结构研究[J].中国农机化,2010,32(4):68-70,77.
[13] 庞声海.关于滑切理论与滑切角的选用[J].华中农学院学报,1982,13(2):64-69.
[14] 张世福,宋占华,闫银发,等.农作物秸秆切割试验台测控系统的研制与试验[J].农业机械学报,2013,29(S1):10-17.
[15] 滕绍民,王泽群,李洋,等.切割方式与切割阻力的理论研究[J].农机化研究,2009,31(5):89-90,96.
[16] 葛宜元,梁秋燕,王桂莲,等.试验设计方法与Design-Expert软件应用[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,2015:14-29.
[17] 严导淦.对数螺线及其物理意义[J].物理与工程,2013,23(5):5-9.
[18] 庞声海.盘刀式切碎器设计的数学解析法[J].农业机械学报,1981,(2):43-51.
[19] 赵新军,孙宝天.等滑切角圆盘式饲草切碎器的剪切功率[J].农业机械学报,1995,9(3):62-67.
[20] 张西良,孙晓佳,徐云峰,等.黄瓜藤秸秆力学特性与显微结构研究[J].农机化研究,2014,36(4):156-159.
[21] 杜现军.棉秆力学特性研究与切割实验台的研制[D].泰安:山东农业大学机械与电子工程学院,2011.
[22] 贾洪雷,姜鑫铭,郭明卓,等.V-L型秸秆粉碎还田刀片设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(1):28-33.
[23] 谢洪昌,赵世宏,高勇.评价马铃薯打秧机作业质量的指标及检测方法[J].现代化农业,2011(11):44-46.