人工智能的自我意识何以可能?
|
摘要
人工智能危险之处不是能力,而是自我意识。只要人工智能拥有对自身系统的反思能力,就有可能改造自身系统,创造新规则,尤其是,如果人工智能发明一种属于自己的万能语言,能力相当于人类的自然语言,那么,所有的程序系统都可以通过它自己的万能语言加以重新理解、重新构造和重新定义,那么就非常危险。如果人工智能拥有了拟人化的情感、欲望和价值观,必然更为危险,因为人的欲望和价值观正是一切冲突的根源。
The danger of AI will come from its self-consciousness rather than its capacity. AI would be a challenge to mankind if it develops a capacity for reflection on the system of its own, so that it would know how to remake its system with new rules, especially when it could invent its own language for all purposes, equal in capacity to human natural language, it could do anything it would. And AI would be most dangerous if it would be able to learn human desires, emotions and values, because all hostilities are based upon human desires and values.
The danger of AI will come from its self-consciousness rather than its capacity. AI would be a challenge to mankind if it develops a capacity for reflection on the system of its own, so that it would know how to remake its system with new rules, especially when it could invent its own language for all purposes, equal in capacity to human natural language, it could do anything it would. And AI would be most dangerous if it would be able to learn human desires, emotions and values, because all hostilities are based upon human desires and values.
引文
[1]赵汀阳.第一哲学的支点[M],北京:三联书店, 2013,31-32.
[2]赵汀阳.四种分叉[M],上海:华东师范大学出版社,2017.
(1)否定词是一切逻辑关系的前提。现代逻辑系统一般使用5个基本连结词:否定(?,非);合取(∧,且);析取(∨,或);蕴含(→,如果-那么);互蕴(?,当且仅当)。如果进一步简化,5个连结词可以还原为其中2个,比如说,仅用?和∨,或者仅用?和∧,就足以表达逻辑的一切连结关系。在此,否定词的“神迹”显现出来了:化简为2个连结词的任何可能组合之中都不能缺少否定词?,否则无法实现逻辑功能。最大限度的简化则甚至可以把逻辑连结词化简为1个,即谢弗连结词,有两种可选择的化简形式:析舍连结词(∣),或者,合舍连结词(↓)。无论哪一个谢弗连结词的含义中都暗含了否定词,就是说,谢弗连结词实际上等于?与∧或者?与∨的一体化。由此可见,?是∧,∨,→的先行条件,如果没有否定词的优先存在,就不可能定义“或者”、“并且”、“如果”的逻辑意义。
[2]赵汀阳.四种分叉[M],上海:华东师范大学出版社,2017.
(1)否定词是一切逻辑关系的前提。现代逻辑系统一般使用5个基本连结词:否定(?,非);合取(∧,且);析取(∨,或);蕴含(→,如果-那么);互蕴(?,当且仅当)。如果进一步简化,5个连结词可以还原为其中2个,比如说,仅用?和∨,或者仅用?和∧,就足以表达逻辑的一切连结关系。在此,否定词的“神迹”显现出来了:化简为2个连结词的任何可能组合之中都不能缺少否定词?,否则无法实现逻辑功能。最大限度的简化则甚至可以把逻辑连结词化简为1个,即谢弗连结词,有两种可选择的化简形式:析舍连结词(∣),或者,合舍连结词(↓)。无论哪一个谢弗连结词的含义中都暗含了否定词,就是说,谢弗连结词实际上等于?与∧或者?与∨的一体化。由此可见,?是∧,∨,→的先行条件,如果没有否定词的优先存在,就不可能定义“或者”、“并且”、“如果”的逻辑意义。