基于航空环境的面齿轮磨珩复合磨削加工方法
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摘要
面齿轮传动由于其独特的传动优点,成为航空传动的主要研究方向。根据面齿轮传动原理,得到了面齿轮齿面方程。针对面齿轮的精密加工技术问题,提出了面齿轮磨珩复合磨削加工方法;基于面齿轮专用数控磨床,建立特殊磨削加工坐标系,根据砂轮磨削对面齿轮表面质量的影响规律、开槽技术及珩齿理论,研制了面齿轮专用斜槽磨削刀具和柔性珩齿刀具结构,进而得到磨珩复合磨削刀具;在此基础上进行了面齿轮磨珩复合磨削加工实验,并对样件进行表面粗糙度、残余应力及微观纹理检测,验证面齿轮磨珩复合磨削加工方法的可行性。
Face gear drives become the main direction of research for aeronautical drives because of their special advantages. The equation of face gear tooth surface was established based on the face gear transmission theory. For improving the precision machining technology of face gear,the method of face gear grinding-honing machining was put forward. The applied coordinate systems of face gear were set up and then the special grinding tool for face gear was developed based on special face gear numerical control grinding machine,influence of face gear grinding,slotted technique and the honing theory of traditional gear. In addition,flexible honing tool was designed. And then the tool used for grinding-honing parts machining was manufactured. The special tool was used to do face gear grinding-honing machining experiment,and then surface quality inspection on face gear was conducted,such as the detection of surface roughness,residual stress testing and observation of surface micro texture. The analysis of the surface quality detection results proves this method is reliable.
Face gear drives become the main direction of research for aeronautical drives because of their special advantages. The equation of face gear tooth surface was established based on the face gear transmission theory. For improving the precision machining technology of face gear,the method of face gear grinding-honing machining was put forward. The applied coordinate systems of face gear were set up and then the special grinding tool for face gear was developed based on special face gear numerical control grinding machine,influence of face gear grinding,slotted technique and the honing theory of traditional gear. In addition,flexible honing tool was designed. And then the tool used for grinding-honing parts machining was manufactured. The special tool was used to do face gear grinding-honing machining experiment,and then surface quality inspection on face gear was conducted,such as the detection of surface roughness,residual stress testing and observation of surface micro texture. The analysis of the surface quality detection results proves this method is reliable.
引文
[1]LITVIN F L,WANG J C,BOSSLER R B,et al.Application of face gear drives in helicopter transmission:NASA-TM_105655[R].Washington,D.C.:NASA,1992.
[2]LITVIN F L,WANG J C,BOSSIER R B,et al.Application of face gear drives in helicopter transmissions[J].ASME Journal of Mechanical Design,1994,116(13):672-676.
[3]LITVIN F L,EGELIJA A,TAN J,et al.Computerized design,generation and simulation of meshing of orthogonal offset face gear drive with a spur involute pinion with localized bearing contact[J].Mechanism and Machine Theory,1998,33(12):87-102.
[4]HEATH G F,FILLER R R,TAN J.Development of face gear technology for industrial and aerospace power transmission:NASA/CR-2002-211320[R].Washington,D.C.:NASA,2002.
[5]李政民卿,朱如鹏.正交面齿轮齿廓的几何设计和根切研究[J].华南理工大学学报,2008,36(2):78-82.LI Z M Q,ZHU R P.Research on the geometric design of tooth profile and undercut of orthogonal face gear[J].Journal of South China University of Technology,2008,36(2):78-82(in Chinese).
[6]赵宁,曾晓春,郭辉,等.直齿面齿轮修形及承载接触分析[J].航空动力学报,2008,23(11):2142-2146.ZHAO N,ZENG X C,GUO H,et al.The analysis of modification and bearing contact of face gear[J].Journal of Aviation Power,2008,23(11):2142-2146(in Chinese).
[7]赵宁,刘常青.关于面齿轮磨削加工机床的研究[J].机械设计与制造,2007(10):151-152.ZHAO N,LIU C Q.Research on the grinding machine tool for face gear[J].Mechanical Design and Manufacturing,2007(10):151-152(in Chinese).
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[9]LITVIN F L,FUENTES A.Face gear drive with helical involute pinion geometry,generation by a shaper and a worm,avoidance of singularities and stress analysis:NASA/CR-2005-213443[R].Washington,D.C.:NASA,2005.
[10]LIU C C,TSAY C B.Contact characteristics of beveloid gears[J].Mechanism and Machine Theory,2002,37(4):333-350.
[11]贺鹏.直齿面齿轮齿面生成方法与啮合仿真[D].西安:西北工业大学,2007:12-23.HE P.Generation method and meshing simulation of face gear tooth surface[D].Xi’an:Northwestern Polytechnical University,2007:12-23(in Chinese).
[12]沈玉梅,韩玉梅.齿轮的珩齿工艺及珩磨轮制作[J].一重技术,2003(3):34-35.SHEN Y M,HAN Y M.Gear honing and honing wheel production[J].A Heavy Technology,2003(3):34-35(in Chinese).
[13]高晓旭.超声辅助珩齿加工的理论分析与实验研究[D].太原:太原理工大学,2010:5-8.GAO X X.Theoretical analysis and experimental research of ultrasonic assisted gear honing[D].Taiyuan:Taiyuan University of Technology,2010:5-8(in Chinese).
[14]张满栋.电镀CBN硬珩轮珩齿机理及动态仿真分析[D].太原:太原理工大学,2010:41-91.ZHANG M D.Honing mechanism and dynamic simulation analysis of honing wheel electroplating CBN[D].Taiyuan:Taiyuan University of Technology,2010:41-91(in Chinese).
[15]凌文锋,王小椿,姜虹.螺旋锥齿轮珩齿技术的研究与珩磨轮的优化设计[J].北京交通大学学报,2007,31(1):50-54.LING W F,WANG X C,JIANG H.Research on spiral bevel gear honing technology and optimization design of honing wheel[J].Journal of Beijing Jiaotong University,2007,31(1):50-54(in Chinese).
[16]宋振武,高航.螺旋槽砂轮磨削性能的试验研究[J].磨料磨具与磨削,1985(6):1-5.SONG Z W,GAO H.Experimental study on grinding performance of spiral groove grinding wheel[J].Abrasive and Grinding,1985(6):1-5(in Chinese).
[17]邓朝晖,伍俏平,张高峰,等.新型砂轮研究进展及其展望[J].中国机械工程,2010,21(21):2632-2638.DENG C H,WU Q P,ZHANG G F,et al.Research progress and prospect of new type grinding wheel[J].China Mechanical Engineering,2010,21(21):2632-2638(in Chinese).
[18]傅玉灿,孙方宏,徐鸿钧.缓进给断续磨削时射流冲击强化磨削弧区换热的实验研究[J].南京航空航天大学学报,1999,31(2):151-155.FU Y C,SUN F H,XU H J.Experimental study on the heat transfer in the arc area of the jet impingement in the creep feed grinding[J].Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics&Astronautics,1999,31(2):151-155(in Chinese).
[19]WANG Y Z,LAN Z,HOU L W,et al.A precision generating grinding method for face gear using CBN wheel[J].The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Techology,2015,79(9):1839-1848.
[2]LITVIN F L,WANG J C,BOSSIER R B,et al.Application of face gear drives in helicopter transmissions[J].ASME Journal of Mechanical Design,1994,116(13):672-676.
[3]LITVIN F L,EGELIJA A,TAN J,et al.Computerized design,generation and simulation of meshing of orthogonal offset face gear drive with a spur involute pinion with localized bearing contact[J].Mechanism and Machine Theory,1998,33(12):87-102.
[4]HEATH G F,FILLER R R,TAN J.Development of face gear technology for industrial and aerospace power transmission:NASA/CR-2002-211320[R].Washington,D.C.:NASA,2002.
[5]李政民卿,朱如鹏.正交面齿轮齿廓的几何设计和根切研究[J].华南理工大学学报,2008,36(2):78-82.LI Z M Q,ZHU R P.Research on the geometric design of tooth profile and undercut of orthogonal face gear[J].Journal of South China University of Technology,2008,36(2):78-82(in Chinese).
[6]赵宁,曾晓春,郭辉,等.直齿面齿轮修形及承载接触分析[J].航空动力学报,2008,23(11):2142-2146.ZHAO N,ZENG X C,GUO H,et al.The analysis of modification and bearing contact of face gear[J].Journal of Aviation Power,2008,23(11):2142-2146(in Chinese).
[7]赵宁,刘常青.关于面齿轮磨削加工机床的研究[J].机械设计与制造,2007(10):151-152.ZHAO N,LIU C Q.Research on the grinding machine tool for face gear[J].Mechanical Design and Manufacturing,2007(10):151-152(in Chinese).
[8]李大庆.直齿面齿轮啮合性能预控及碟形砂轮磨齿关键技术研究[D].镇江:江苏大学,2013:63-74.LI D Q.Research on pre-control method of meshing behavior and key technologies for grinding face gear by dish wheel[D].Zhenjiang:Jiangsu University,2013:63-74(in Chinese).
[9]LITVIN F L,FUENTES A.Face gear drive with helical involute pinion geometry,generation by a shaper and a worm,avoidance of singularities and stress analysis:NASA/CR-2005-213443[R].Washington,D.C.:NASA,2005.
[10]LIU C C,TSAY C B.Contact characteristics of beveloid gears[J].Mechanism and Machine Theory,2002,37(4):333-350.
[11]贺鹏.直齿面齿轮齿面生成方法与啮合仿真[D].西安:西北工业大学,2007:12-23.HE P.Generation method and meshing simulation of face gear tooth surface[D].Xi’an:Northwestern Polytechnical University,2007:12-23(in Chinese).
[12]沈玉梅,韩玉梅.齿轮的珩齿工艺及珩磨轮制作[J].一重技术,2003(3):34-35.SHEN Y M,HAN Y M.Gear honing and honing wheel production[J].A Heavy Technology,2003(3):34-35(in Chinese).
[13]高晓旭.超声辅助珩齿加工的理论分析与实验研究[D].太原:太原理工大学,2010:5-8.GAO X X.Theoretical analysis and experimental research of ultrasonic assisted gear honing[D].Taiyuan:Taiyuan University of Technology,2010:5-8(in Chinese).
[14]张满栋.电镀CBN硬珩轮珩齿机理及动态仿真分析[D].太原:太原理工大学,2010:41-91.ZHANG M D.Honing mechanism and dynamic simulation analysis of honing wheel electroplating CBN[D].Taiyuan:Taiyuan University of Technology,2010:41-91(in Chinese).
[15]凌文锋,王小椿,姜虹.螺旋锥齿轮珩齿技术的研究与珩磨轮的优化设计[J].北京交通大学学报,2007,31(1):50-54.LING W F,WANG X C,JIANG H.Research on spiral bevel gear honing technology and optimization design of honing wheel[J].Journal of Beijing Jiaotong University,2007,31(1):50-54(in Chinese).
[16]宋振武,高航.螺旋槽砂轮磨削性能的试验研究[J].磨料磨具与磨削,1985(6):1-5.SONG Z W,GAO H.Experimental study on grinding performance of spiral groove grinding wheel[J].Abrasive and Grinding,1985(6):1-5(in Chinese).
[17]邓朝晖,伍俏平,张高峰,等.新型砂轮研究进展及其展望[J].中国机械工程,2010,21(21):2632-2638.DENG C H,WU Q P,ZHANG G F,et al.Research progress and prospect of new type grinding wheel[J].China Mechanical Engineering,2010,21(21):2632-2638(in Chinese).
[18]傅玉灿,孙方宏,徐鸿钧.缓进给断续磨削时射流冲击强化磨削弧区换热的实验研究[J].南京航空航天大学学报,1999,31(2):151-155.FU Y C,SUN F H,XU H J.Experimental study on the heat transfer in the arc area of the jet impingement in the creep feed grinding[J].Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics&Astronautics,1999,31(2):151-155(in Chinese).
[19]WANG Y Z,LAN Z,HOU L W,et al.A precision generating grinding method for face gear using CBN wheel[J].The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Techology,2015,79(9):1839-1848.