叶轮旋转式葡萄藤埋土单边清除机研制
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摘要
针对目前春季中国北方葡萄种植主产区人工进行葡萄藤清土作业效率低、机械化程度低等问题,该文设计了一种适应于单边清土的叶轮旋转式葡萄藤清土机,主要由机架、刮土部件、叶轮部件和平土搅龙部件组成。刮土部件和叶轮部件能够分别将葡萄藤上方和侧面土壤清除,平土搅龙部件能够将清除的土壤进一步向行间输送并使其均匀地平铺在葡萄行正中间。以机器前进速度、叶轮转速和搅龙转速为因素,以清土中心距为指标,在离散元软件EDEM中对葡萄藤清土机作业进行仿真试验,得到最佳工作参数:前进速度1.2 m/s、叶轮转速420 r/min、搅龙转速300 r/min,此时清土中心距为44 mm。加工物理样机并进行田间试验,田间试验结果与仿真结果基本一致,两者清土中心距的相对误差约为15%,满足葡萄藤清土机单边清土的作业要求。该研究可为后续其他类型葡萄藤清土机的研制提供参考。
Due to China's unique climate and geographical conditions, compared with foreign countries, ours grape planting requires two additional operations, which are burying soil to prevent cold in winter and cleaning soil in spring, and the degree of mechanization in the spring soil-cleaning operation is relatively low. The design and development of grapevine soil cleaner is of great significance to the industrial development of the grape planting, so aiming at the problems of low efficiency and low mechanization of artificial soil cleaning operation of grapevines in the main grape producing areas of northern China in spring, this paper design a grapevine soil cleaner with rotary impeller for unilateral cleaning soil and its operation principle was analyzed. The machine is mainly composed of the frame, the soil scraper parts, the rotary impeller part, the screw shaft of levelling soil parts, and the depth limit wheel and so on. Among them, the soil scraper parts, the rotary impeller part and the screw shaft of levelling soil parts are the main soil cleaning parts of the machine. When the machine is working, the soil of the upper part of the grapevine was scraped to the rows by the soil scraper parts, the rotating impeller parts removes the soil on the side of the grapevines away from the cement pillar and the soil that scraped by the scraper parts, and the removed soil is again transported to the rows and evenly spread between the rows of grapes by the screw shaft of levelling soil parts, through the cooperation of these mainly parts, the soil on upper part of the grapevine and on the side far from the cement pillar can be removed to the middle of the grape rows, in order to re-use the buried soil in the winter and the late plant protection machinery to walk between the grape rows. During the working, the tractor hydraulic three-point hitch and the depth limit wheel are used to adjust the height of the machine from the ground. Modeling the machine in 3 D software Solidworks. In order to reduce the amount of simulation calculations and improve simulation efficiency, this machine model is appropriately simplified and all of parts were scaled down to 0.5 and then imported into the EDEM. The whole simulation test environment was also scaled down to 0.5 correspondingly, and the simulation model of soil particle was established by using EDEM software to simulate the working process and verified the feasibility of the principle of the machine. Then, the forward speed, impeller rotary speed, and the screw shaft rotary speed were taken as the factors, and the distance between the inter-row soil distribution center line and the inter-row center line was used as an indicator to conduct the orthogonal experiments, the minimum value of distance between the inter-row soil distribution center line and the inter-row center line is used as the optimal index, as a result, obtaining the best working parameter combination of the machine: impeller rotary speed 420 r/min, screw shaft rotary speed 300 r/min, forward speed 1.2 m/s. Under this condition, the distance between the inter-row soil distribution center line and the inter-row center line in EDEM is 44 mm. Finally, manufacturing physical prototypes and conducting field tests, and the results of field tests were compared with the result of simulation experiments, the results show that the field tests' results are basically consistent with the simulation optimization results. The soil on upper part of the grapevine and on the side far from the cement pillar was evenly laid in the middle of the rows of grapevine. The relative error between field tests and simulation tests is 15%, which satisfies the operation requirements for unilateral soil cleaning of grapevines. This study provides a reference for the development of other types of grapevine soil cleaner.
Due to China's unique climate and geographical conditions, compared with foreign countries, ours grape planting requires two additional operations, which are burying soil to prevent cold in winter and cleaning soil in spring, and the degree of mechanization in the spring soil-cleaning operation is relatively low. The design and development of grapevine soil cleaner is of great significance to the industrial development of the grape planting, so aiming at the problems of low efficiency and low mechanization of artificial soil cleaning operation of grapevines in the main grape producing areas of northern China in spring, this paper design a grapevine soil cleaner with rotary impeller for unilateral cleaning soil and its operation principle was analyzed. The machine is mainly composed of the frame, the soil scraper parts, the rotary impeller part, the screw shaft of levelling soil parts, and the depth limit wheel and so on. Among them, the soil scraper parts, the rotary impeller part and the screw shaft of levelling soil parts are the main soil cleaning parts of the machine. When the machine is working, the soil of the upper part of the grapevine was scraped to the rows by the soil scraper parts, the rotating impeller parts removes the soil on the side of the grapevines away from the cement pillar and the soil that scraped by the scraper parts, and the removed soil is again transported to the rows and evenly spread between the rows of grapes by the screw shaft of levelling soil parts, through the cooperation of these mainly parts, the soil on upper part of the grapevine and on the side far from the cement pillar can be removed to the middle of the grape rows, in order to re-use the buried soil in the winter and the late plant protection machinery to walk between the grape rows. During the working, the tractor hydraulic three-point hitch and the depth limit wheel are used to adjust the height of the machine from the ground. Modeling the machine in 3 D software Solidworks. In order to reduce the amount of simulation calculations and improve simulation efficiency, this machine model is appropriately simplified and all of parts were scaled down to 0.5 and then imported into the EDEM. The whole simulation test environment was also scaled down to 0.5 correspondingly, and the simulation model of soil particle was established by using EDEM software to simulate the working process and verified the feasibility of the principle of the machine. Then, the forward speed, impeller rotary speed, and the screw shaft rotary speed were taken as the factors, and the distance between the inter-row soil distribution center line and the inter-row center line was used as an indicator to conduct the orthogonal experiments, the minimum value of distance between the inter-row soil distribution center line and the inter-row center line is used as the optimal index, as a result, obtaining the best working parameter combination of the machine: impeller rotary speed 420 r/min, screw shaft rotary speed 300 r/min, forward speed 1.2 m/s. Under this condition, the distance between the inter-row soil distribution center line and the inter-row center line in EDEM is 44 mm. Finally, manufacturing physical prototypes and conducting field tests, and the results of field tests were compared with the result of simulation experiments, the results show that the field tests' results are basically consistent with the simulation optimization results. The soil on upper part of the grapevine and on the side far from the cement pillar was evenly laid in the middle of the rows of grapevine. The relative error between field tests and simulation tests is 15%, which satisfies the operation requirements for unilateral soil cleaning of grapevines. This study provides a reference for the development of other types of grapevine soil cleaner.
引文
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[2]杨文丽,赵凤芹.葡萄覆土机械化技术发展研究[J].农业科技与装备,2012(10):39-40,43.Yang Wenli,Zhao Fengqin.Research on the development of mechanized earth covering technology in grape production[J].Agricultural Science&Technology and Equipment,2012(10):39-40,43.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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[4]周伟彬.葡萄起藤机的设计[D].银川:宁夏大学,2017.Zhou Weibin.Design of Grape Vine Digging Machine[D].Yinchuan:Ningxia University,2017.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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[7]徐丽明,邢洁洁,李世军,等.国外葡萄生产机械化发展和对我国现状的思考[J].河北林业科技,2014(5):124-127.Xu Liming,Xing Jiejie,Li Shijun,et al.Development of mechanization of grape production abroad and reflections on China’s current situation[J].The Journal of Hebei Forestry Science and Technology,2014(5):124-127.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]刘芳建,刘忠军,王锦江,等.自动避障葡萄藤扒土机的设计与试验研究[J].农机化研究,2018(4):87-90.Liu Fangjian,Liu Zhongjun,Wang Jinjiang,et al.Design and experimental study of automatic obstacle-avoid digging machine for grapevine[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2018(4):87-90.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]刘松.圆锥螺旋式入春葡萄挖藤机设计与试验研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆农业大学,2014.Liu Song.Design and Experimental Study of Conical Spiral Manner of Grape Vines in the Spring Digging Machine[D].Urumqi:Xinjiang Agricultural University,2014.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]曾保宁,田志道,赵润良.葡萄起藤机的设计与研制[J].中国农机化学报,2013(6):230-232.Zeng Baoning,Tian Zhidao,Zhao Runliang.Design and development of grape vine machine[J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2013(6):230-232.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]于建群,付宏,李红,等.离散元法及其在农业机械工作部件研究与设计中的应用[J].农业工程学报,2005,21(5):1-6.Yu Jianqun,Fu Hong,Li Hong,et al.Application of discrete element method to research and design of working parts of agricultural machines[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2005,21(5):1-6.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]王金武,唐汉,王奇,等.基于EDEM软件的指夹式精量排种器排种性能数值模拟与试验[J].农业工程学报,2015,3l(21):43-50.Wang Jinwu,Tang Han,Wang Qi,et a1.Numerical simulation and experiment on seeding performance of pickup finger precision seed-metering device on EDEM[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2015,31(21):43-50.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]王金武,王奇,唐汉,等.水稻秸秆深埋整秆还田装置设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(9):112-117.Wang Jinwu,Wang Qi,Tang Han,et a1.Design and experiment of rice straw deep buried and whole straw returning device[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(9):112-117.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]方会敏,姬长英,Farman Ali Chandio,等.基于离散元法的旋耕过程土壤运动行为分析[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(3):22-28.Fang Huimin,Ji Changying,Farman Ali Chandio,et a1.Analysis of soil dynamic behavior during rotary tillage based on discrete element method[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(3):22-28.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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[17]王金武,唐汉,王金峰,等.悬挂式水田单侧修筑埂机数值模拟分析与性能优化[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(8):72-80.Wang Jinwu,Tang Han,Wang Jinfeng,et al.Numerical analysis and performance optimization experiment on hanging unilateral ridger for paddy field[J].Transactions of the Chinese society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(8):72-80.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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