青少年主观社会经济地位与心理韧性的关系:公正世界信念的作用
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摘要
为了探究青少年的主观社会经济地位、公正世界信念与心理韧性的关系,本研究采用整群抽样法选取了重庆市初一至高二年级的6 442名学生进行问卷调查。结果发现:(1)初中生的主观社会经济地位与自我公正世界信念显著高于高中生;(2)青少年主观社会经济地位、心理韧性与公正世界信念之间均存显著正相关,青少年主观社会经济地位能够显著预测其公正世界信念和心理韧性,同时青少年的公正世界信念也能显著预测其心理韧性;(3)公正世界信念能在青少年主观社会经济地位与心理韧性的关系中起部分中介作用。
In order to investigate the relationship among adolescents' subjective socio-economic status,belief in a just world and resilience in China,This research investigated 6442 high school students in Chongqing ranging from grade seven to grade eleven with the method of questionnaire.The results are as follows.First,in terms of theAdolescent Students' Subjective Social Status Scale and Personal Belief in a Just World Scale,junior high school students' score is significantly higher than senior high school students'.Second,adolescents' subjective socio-economic status could significantly positively predict their belief in a just world and their resilience,and adolescents' belief in a just world could also significantly positively predict their resilience.Third,adolescents' belief in a just world not only significantly affects their resilience,but also plays a partial intermediary role between adolescents' subjective socio-economic status and their resilience.
In order to investigate the relationship among adolescents' subjective socio-economic status,belief in a just world and resilience in China,This research investigated 6442 high school students in Chongqing ranging from grade seven to grade eleven with the method of questionnaire.The results are as follows.First,in terms of theAdolescent Students' Subjective Social Status Scale and Personal Belief in a Just World Scale,junior high school students' score is significantly higher than senior high school students'.Second,adolescents' subjective socio-economic status could significantly positively predict their belief in a just world and their resilience,and adolescents' belief in a just world could also significantly positively predict their resilience.Third,adolescents' belief in a just world not only significantly affects their resilience,but also plays a partial intermediary role between adolescents' subjective socio-economic status and their resilience.
引文
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[27] CORREIA P I,BATISTA M T,LIMA M L.Does the belief in a just world bring happiness?causal relationships among belief in a just world,life satisfaction and mood[J].Australian journal of psychology,2009(4):220-227.
[28] OTTO K,BOOS A,DALBERT C,et al.Posttraumatic symptoms,depression,and anxiety of flood victims:the impact of the belief in a just world[J].Personality and individual differences,2006(5):1075-1084.
[29] LAURIN K,FITZSIMONS G M,KAY A C.Social disadvantage and the self-regulatory function of justice beliefs[J].Journal of personality and social psychology,2011(1):149-171.
[30] 郭永玉,周春燕.公正世界信念对低社会阶层的双重作用[J].西南大学学报(社会科学版),2014(1):63-67.
[31] 程刚,陈艳红,关雨生,等.大学生主观社会地位的指标构成及特点[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2015(6):156-162.
[32] DALBERT C.The world is more just for me than generally:about the personal belief in a just world scale’s validity[J].Social justice research,1999(2):79-98.
[33] ALESSANDRI G,VECCHIONE M,LETZIRING T,et al.The ego-resiliency scale revised:a cross-cultural study in Italy,Spain,and the United States[J].European journal of psychological assessment,2012(2):139-146.
[34] MILIONI M,ALESSANDRI G,EISENBERG N,et al.Reciprocal relations between emotional self-efficacy beliefs and ego-resiliency across time[J].Journal of personality,2014(5):552-563.
[35] MALAHY L W,RUBINlICHT,M A,KAISER C R.Justifying inequality:a cross-temporal investigation of US income disparities and just-world beliefs from 1973 to 2006[J].Social justice research,2009(4):369-383.
[36] YAO S,CHEN J,YU X,et al.Mediator roles of interpersonal forgiveness and self-forgiveness between self-esteem and subjective wellbeing[J].Current psychology,2017(3):585-592.
[37] KLANSCEK H J,ZIBERNA J,KOROSWC A,et al.Mental health inequalities in slovenian 15-year-old adolescents explained by personal social position and family socioeconomic status[J].International journal for equity in health,2014(1):26.
[38] RADZISZEWSKA B,RICHARDOSON J L,DENT C W,et al.Parenting style and adolescent depressive symptoms,smoking,and academic achievement:ethnic,gender,and SES differences[J].Journal of behavioral medicine,1996(19):289-305.
[39] 程刚,刘家琼,林楠,等.中学生家庭社会经济地位与心理健康的关系:心理素质的中介作用[J].西南大学学报(社会科学版),2019(1):105-112.
[40] THOMAS K J,NAPOLITANO P H.Educational privilege:the role of school context in the development just world beliefs among brazilian adolescents[J].International journal of psychology,2016(S1):106-113.
[41] 周春燕,郭永玉.家庭社会阶层对大学生心理健康的影响:公正世界信念的中介作用[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2013(4):636-640.
[42] BRADLEY R H,CORWYN R F.Socioeconomic status and child development[J].Annual review of psychology,2002(3):371-399.
[43] MORRIS A S,SILK J S,STEINBERG L,et al.The role of the family context in the development of emotion regulation[J].Social development,2007(2):361-388.
[44] CONGER R D,CONGER K J,MARTIN M J.Socioeconomic status,family processes,and individual development[J].Journal of marriage and the family,2010(3):685-704.
[45] 吴胜涛,王力,周明洁,等.灾区民众的公正观与幸福感及其与非灾区的比较[J].心理科学进展,2009(3):579-587.
[2] BLOCK J,TURULA E.Identification,ego-control,and adjustment[J].Child development,1963(4):945-953.
[3] ONG A D,BERGERMAN C S,BISCONTI T L,et al.Psychological resilience,positive emotions and successful adaptation in later life[J].Journal of personality and social psychology,2006(4):730-749.
[4] ATSUSHI O,KANAKO T,MARI H,et al.Resilience and Big Five personality traits:a meta-analysis[J].Personality and individual differences,2018,13:54-60.
[5] AREND R,GOVE F L,SROUFE,L A.Continuity of individual adaptation from infancy to kindergarten:a predictive study of ego-resiliency and curiosity in preschoolers[J].Child development,1979(4):950-959.
[6] BLOCK J H,BLOCK J.The role of ego-control and ego resiliency in the organization of behavior[M]//COLLINS W A.The minnesota symposium on child psychology:development of cognition,affect,and social relations.Hillsdale,NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum,1980(13):39-101.
[7] KLOHNEN E,VANDEWATER E,YOUNG A.Negotiating the middle years:ego-resiliency and successful midlife adjustment in women[J].Psychology and aging,1996(3):431-442.
[8] FREDRICKSON B L,TUGADE M M,WAUGH C E,et al.What good are positive emotions in crisis?A prospective study of resilience and emotions following the terrorist attacks on the U.S.on september 11th,2001[J].Journal of personality and social psychology,2003(2):365-376.
[9] ASENDORPF J B,VAN AKEN M A G.Correlates of the temporal consistency of personality patterns in childhood[J].Journal of personality,2010(4):689-703.
[10] STRAYER J,ROBERTS W.Children’s empathy and role taking:child and parental factors,and relations to prosocial behavior[J].Journal of applied developmental psychology,1989(2):227-239.
[11] EISENBERG N,SPINRAD T L,FABES R A,et al.The relations of effortful control and impulsivity to children’s resiliency and adjustment[J].Child development,2004(1):25-46.
[12] STOUFFER S A,SUCHMAN E A,DEVINNEY L C D,et al.Studies in social psychology in World War II.vol.I:The American soldier:adjustment during army life[J].Social service review,1949(4):557-559.
[13] TOBIAS G,CHRISTINA S.subjective socioeconomic status causes aggression:a test of the theory of social deprivation[J].Journal of personality and social psychology,2016(2):178-194.
[14] WILLS T A.Downward comparison principles in social psychology[J].Psychological bulletin,1981(2):245-271.
[15] ADLER N E,EPEL E S,CASTELLAZZO G,et al.Relationship of subjective and objective social status with psychological and physiological functioning:preliminary data in healthy white women[J].Health psychology,2000(6):586-592.
[16] KRAUS M W,PIFF P K,KELTNER D.Social class,sense of control,and social explanation[J].Journal of personality and social psychology,2009(6):992-1004.
[17] SUTIN A R,LUCHETTI M,STEPHAN Y,et al.Parental educational attainment and adult offspring personality:an intergenerational life span approach to the origin of adult personality traits.[J].Journal of personality and social psychology,2017(1):144-166.
[18] MEYER S,RAIKES H A,VIRMANI E A,et al.Parent emotion representations and the socialization of emotion regulation in the family[J].International journal of behavioral development,2014(2):164-173.
[19] KRAUS M W,STEPHENS N M A.Road map for an emerging psychology of social class[J].Social and personality psychology compass,2012(9):642-656.
[20] LERNER M J,MILLER D T.Just world research and the attribution process:looking back and ahead[J].Psychological bulletin,1978(5):1030-1051.
[21] LIPKUS I M,DALBERT C,SIEGLER I C.The importance of distinguishing the belief in a just world for self versus for others:implications for psychological well-being[J].Personality and social psychology bulletin,1996(7):666-677.
[22] DALBERT C.The world is more just for me than generally:about the personal belief in a just world scale’s validity[J].Social justice research,1999(2):79-98.
[23] DZUKA J,DALBERT C.Mental health and personality of slovak unemployed adolescents:the impact of belief in a just world[J].Journal of applied social psychology,2002(4):732-757.
[24] BEGUE L,BASTOUNIS M.Two spheres of belief in justice:extensive support for the bidimensional model of belief in a just world[J].Journal of personality,2003(3):435-463.
[25] KHERA M L K,HARVEY A J,CALLAN M J.Beliefs in a just world,subjective well-being and attitudes towards refugees among refugee workers[J].Social justice research,2014(4):432-443.
[26] HOU Y,JIANG T,WANG Q.Socioeconomic status and online shaming:the mediating role of belief in a just world[J].Computers in human behavior,2017,76:19-25.
[27] CORREIA P I,BATISTA M T,LIMA M L.Does the belief in a just world bring happiness?causal relationships among belief in a just world,life satisfaction and mood[J].Australian journal of psychology,2009(4):220-227.
[28] OTTO K,BOOS A,DALBERT C,et al.Posttraumatic symptoms,depression,and anxiety of flood victims:the impact of the belief in a just world[J].Personality and individual differences,2006(5):1075-1084.
[29] LAURIN K,FITZSIMONS G M,KAY A C.Social disadvantage and the self-regulatory function of justice beliefs[J].Journal of personality and social psychology,2011(1):149-171.
[30] 郭永玉,周春燕.公正世界信念对低社会阶层的双重作用[J].西南大学学报(社会科学版),2014(1):63-67.
[31] 程刚,陈艳红,关雨生,等.大学生主观社会地位的指标构成及特点[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2015(6):156-162.
[32] DALBERT C.The world is more just for me than generally:about the personal belief in a just world scale’s validity[J].Social justice research,1999(2):79-98.
[33] ALESSANDRI G,VECCHIONE M,LETZIRING T,et al.The ego-resiliency scale revised:a cross-cultural study in Italy,Spain,and the United States[J].European journal of psychological assessment,2012(2):139-146.
[34] MILIONI M,ALESSANDRI G,EISENBERG N,et al.Reciprocal relations between emotional self-efficacy beliefs and ego-resiliency across time[J].Journal of personality,2014(5):552-563.
[35] MALAHY L W,RUBINlICHT,M A,KAISER C R.Justifying inequality:a cross-temporal investigation of US income disparities and just-world beliefs from 1973 to 2006[J].Social justice research,2009(4):369-383.
[36] YAO S,CHEN J,YU X,et al.Mediator roles of interpersonal forgiveness and self-forgiveness between self-esteem and subjective wellbeing[J].Current psychology,2017(3):585-592.
[37] KLANSCEK H J,ZIBERNA J,KOROSWC A,et al.Mental health inequalities in slovenian 15-year-old adolescents explained by personal social position and family socioeconomic status[J].International journal for equity in health,2014(1):26.
[38] RADZISZEWSKA B,RICHARDOSON J L,DENT C W,et al.Parenting style and adolescent depressive symptoms,smoking,and academic achievement:ethnic,gender,and SES differences[J].Journal of behavioral medicine,1996(19):289-305.
[39] 程刚,刘家琼,林楠,等.中学生家庭社会经济地位与心理健康的关系:心理素质的中介作用[J].西南大学学报(社会科学版),2019(1):105-112.
[40] THOMAS K J,NAPOLITANO P H.Educational privilege:the role of school context in the development just world beliefs among brazilian adolescents[J].International journal of psychology,2016(S1):106-113.
[41] 周春燕,郭永玉.家庭社会阶层对大学生心理健康的影响:公正世界信念的中介作用[J].中国临床心理学杂志,2013(4):636-640.
[42] BRADLEY R H,CORWYN R F.Socioeconomic status and child development[J].Annual review of psychology,2002(3):371-399.
[43] MORRIS A S,SILK J S,STEINBERG L,et al.The role of the family context in the development of emotion regulation[J].Social development,2007(2):361-388.
[44] CONGER R D,CONGER K J,MARTIN M J.Socioeconomic status,family processes,and individual development[J].Journal of marriage and the family,2010(3):685-704.
[45] 吴胜涛,王力,周明洁,等.灾区民众的公正观与幸福感及其与非灾区的比较[J].心理科学进展,2009(3):579-587.