血根碱和牛膝多糖对黄羽肉鸡生长性能及免疫性能的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究血根碱和牛膝多糖单独或联合添加对黄羽肉鸡生长性能及免疫性能的影响。试验选用1日龄的黄羽肉鸡300只,随机分成5组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,血根碱组在基础饲粮中添加0.75 mg/kg血根碱,牛膝多糖组在基础饲粮中添加400 mg/kg牛膝多糖,血根碱+牛膝多糖组在基础饲粮中添加0.75 mg/kg血根碱和400 mg/kg牛膝多糖,抗生素组在基础饲粮中添加300 mg/kg杆菌肽锌。试验期56 d,分为2个阶段(1～28日龄、29～56日龄)进行。结果表明:1)试验处理对黄羽肉鸡的1～28日龄、29～56日龄平均日采食量、平均日增重以及1～28日龄料重比均有显著影响(P<0.05)。29～56日龄阶段,血根碱组、牛膝多糖组和血根碱+牛膝多糖组的平均日采食量和平均日增重均显著高于对照组和抗生素组(P<0.05)。血根碱和牛膝多糖对1～28日龄、29～56日龄的平均日采食量均有显著的互作效应(P<0.05)。2) 28日龄时,血根碱组、牛膝多糖组和血根碱+牛膝多糖组外周血淋巴细胞增殖率均显著高于对照组和抗生素组(P<0.05); 56日龄时,血根碱+牛膝多糖组外周血淋巴细胞增殖率最高,与牛膝多糖组差异不显著(P>0.05),但显著高于对照组、血根碱组和抗生素组(P<0.05)。血根碱和牛膝多糖对28日龄外周血淋巴细胞增殖率存在显著的互作效应(P<0.05)。3) 28日龄时,与对照组相比,添加血根碱和/或牛膝多糖均在一定程度上提高了黄羽肉鸡的免疫器官指数(P>0.05),但血根碱和牛膝多糖对黄羽肉鸡免疫器官指数没有显著的互作效应(P>0.05)。由此得出,血根碱和牛膝多糖对黄羽肉鸡有促生长和提高机体免疫力的作用,且两者对生长性能和外周血淋巴细胞增殖率都有一定的互作效应。
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of sanguinarine(SAG) and Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharides(ABP) on growth performance and immune performance of yellow-feather broilers alone or in combination.Three hundred 1-day-old yellow-feather broilers were randomly divided into 5 groups with 6 replicates per group and 10 broilers per replicates.The broilers in control group were fed a basal diet,the broilers in SAG group were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.75 mg/kg SAG,the broilers in ABP group were fed the basal diet supplemented with 400 mg/kg ABP,the broilers in SAG+ABP group were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.75 mg/kg SAG and 400 mg/kg ABP,and the broilers in antibiotic group were fed the basal diet supplemented with 300 mg/kg bacitracin zinc.The whole trial period was 56 days and it was divided into two phases(1 to 28 days of age and 29 to 56 days of age).The results showed as follows:1) the experimental treatment had significant effects on the average feed intake and average daily gain of yellow-feather broilers at 1 to 28 days of age and 29 to 56 days of age and the feed/gain of yellow-feather broilers at 1 to 28 days of age(P<0.05).The average feed intake and average daily gain of yellow-feather broilers at 29 to 56 days of age in the SAG,ABP and SAG+ABP groups were significantly higher than those in the control and antibiotics groups(P<0.05).SAG and ABP had a significant interaction effect on the average feed intake of yellow-feather broilers at 1 to 28 days of age and 29 to 56 days of age(P<0.05).2) The lymphocyte proliferation rate in peripheral blood of yellow-feather broilers at 28 days of age in the SAG,ABP and SAG+ABP groups were significantly higher than those in the control and antibiotics groups(P< 0.05).The lymphocyte proliferation rate in peripheral blood of yellow-feather broilers at 28 days of age in the SAG+ABP group was the highest,which was significantly higher than that in the control,SAG and antibiotics groups(P<0.05),but no significant difference was found between ABP and SAG +ABP groups(P> 0.05).SAG and ABP had a significant interaction effect on the lymphocyte proliferation rate in peripheral blood of yellow-feather broilers at 28 days of age(P<0.05).3) At 28 days of age,SAG and/or ABP supplementation increased the immune organ indexes of yellow-feather broilers at a certain extent compared with the control group(P>0.05),and there was no significant interaction effect of SAG and ABP on immune organ indexes(P>0.05).It is concluded that SAG and ABP can promote the growth and enhance the body immunity of yellow-feather broilers,and they have certain interaction effects on growth performance and lymphocyte proliferation rate in peripheral blood.
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of sanguinarine(SAG) and Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharides(ABP) on growth performance and immune performance of yellow-feather broilers alone or in combination.Three hundred 1-day-old yellow-feather broilers were randomly divided into 5 groups with 6 replicates per group and 10 broilers per replicates.The broilers in control group were fed a basal diet,the broilers in SAG group were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.75 mg/kg SAG,the broilers in ABP group were fed the basal diet supplemented with 400 mg/kg ABP,the broilers in SAG+ABP group were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.75 mg/kg SAG and 400 mg/kg ABP,and the broilers in antibiotic group were fed the basal diet supplemented with 300 mg/kg bacitracin zinc.The whole trial period was 56 days and it was divided into two phases(1 to 28 days of age and 29 to 56 days of age).The results showed as follows:1) the experimental treatment had significant effects on the average feed intake and average daily gain of yellow-feather broilers at 1 to 28 days of age and 29 to 56 days of age and the feed/gain of yellow-feather broilers at 1 to 28 days of age(P<0.05).The average feed intake and average daily gain of yellow-feather broilers at 29 to 56 days of age in the SAG,ABP and SAG+ABP groups were significantly higher than those in the control and antibiotics groups(P<0.05).SAG and ABP had a significant interaction effect on the average feed intake of yellow-feather broilers at 1 to 28 days of age and 29 to 56 days of age(P<0.05).2) The lymphocyte proliferation rate in peripheral blood of yellow-feather broilers at 28 days of age in the SAG,ABP and SAG+ABP groups were significantly higher than those in the control and antibiotics groups(P< 0.05).The lymphocyte proliferation rate in peripheral blood of yellow-feather broilers at 28 days of age in the SAG+ABP group was the highest,which was significantly higher than that in the control,SAG and antibiotics groups(P<0.05),but no significant difference was found between ABP and SAG +ABP groups(P> 0.05).SAG and ABP had a significant interaction effect on the lymphocyte proliferation rate in peripheral blood of yellow-feather broilers at 28 days of age(P<0.05).3) At 28 days of age,SAG and/or ABP supplementation increased the immune organ indexes of yellow-feather broilers at a certain extent compared with the control group(P>0.05),and there was no significant interaction effect of SAG and ABP on immune organ indexes(P>0.05).It is concluded that SAG and ABP can promote the growth and enhance the body immunity of yellow-feather broilers,and they have certain interaction effects on growth performance and lymphocyte proliferation rate in peripheral blood.
引文
[1]潘淑勤,韩浩月,LIMA F.抗生素的副作用及抗生素替代物[J].国外畜牧学(猪与禽),2018,38(1):43-45.
[2]侯博,曾建国.血根碱的生物学活性及博落回提取物在动物生产中的应用[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(2):413-420.
[3]LU J J,BAO J L,CHEN X P,et al.Alkaloids isolated from natural herbs as the anticancer agents[J].Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine,2012,2012:485042,doi:10.1155/2012/485042.
[4]张卫兵,张蓉,屠焰,等.血根碱的作用机制及其在动物营养上的应用效果[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(1):27-33.
[5]TAN F,DENG J.Analysis of the constituents and antisenile function of Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharides[J].Acta Botanica Sinica,2002,44(7):795-798.
[6]LEE K W,KIMJ S,OH S T.Effects of dietary sanguinarine on grow th performance,relative organ weight,cecal microflora,serum cholesterol level and meat quality in broiler chickens[J].The Journal of Poultry Science,2015,52(1):15-22.
[7]云龙.血根碱制剂对黄羽肉鸡生长性能及抗氧化功能的影响[D].硕士学位论文.长沙:湖南农业大学,2016.
[8]罗李媛.川牛膝多糖的提取工艺及其对肉鸡免疫调节作用的研究[D].硕士学位论文.雅安:四川农业大学,2008.
[9]谢堃,云龙,潘迪子,等.博落回血根碱提取物对黄羽肉鸡生长性能及抗氧化功能的影响[C]//中国畜牧兽医学会动物营养学分会第十二次动物营养学术研讨会论文集.武汉:中国畜牧兽医学会动物营养学分会,2016:348.
[10]唐胜球,董小英.牛膝对肉鸡生产性能与免疫器官指数的影响[J].中国饲料,2012(10):24-26.
[11]林谦,岳龙,刘耕,等.低蛋白饲粮条件下血根碱替代色氨酸对猪生长和代谢的影响[C]//中国猪业科技大会暨中国畜牧兽医学会2015年学术年会论文集.厦门:中国畜牧兽医学会,2015:142.
[12]杜莉,夏双双,汪德中,等.博落回及其提取物对哺乳母猪生产性能的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2017,38(4):44-47.
[13]何夏阳.血根碱对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分消化率和血液生化指标的影响[D].硕士学位论文.长沙:湖南农业大学,2010.
[14]戴波.血根碱对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响及腹泻防治效果的研究[D].硕士学位论文.长沙:湖南农业大学,2015.
[15]KANTAS D,PAPATSIROS V G,TASSIS P D,et al.The effect of a natural feed additive(Macleaya cordata),containing sanguinarine,on the performance and health status of weaning pigs[J].Animal Science Journal,2015,86(1):92-98.
[16]欧阳龙,黄勇,曹峰,等.博落回散对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响[J].中国饲料,2015(7):38-39.
[17]李会智,褚青坡,王志国,等.博落回提取物对断奶仔猪生长性能、腹泻率和血清免疫指标的影响[C]//中国猪业科技大会暨中国畜牧兽医学会2015年学术年会论文集.厦门:中国畜牧兽医学会,2015:171.
[18]朱惠玲,刘玉兰,郭广伦,等.牛膝多糖对免疫应激仔猪生长性能、炎性介质和内分泌激素的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2011,47(5):48-51.
[19]张文俊,赵玉蓉,李滔,等.牛膝多糖对脂多糖应激断奶仔猪生长性能和免疫功能的影响及其机制研究[C]//中国畜牧兽医学会动物营养学分会第十一次全国动物营养学术研讨会论文集.长沙:中国畜牧兽医学会动物营养学分会,2012:81.
[20]方热军,汤少勋,李铁军.复方中草药添加剂对地方肉鸡生长和物质代谢的影响[J].中国饲料,2000(7):9-11.
[21]罗国富,肖世玖.血根碱的药理作用及其应用[J].兽药与饲料添加剂,2009,14(5):22-24.
[22]陈春.牛膝多糖体外对猪外周血淋巴细胞增殖的研究[J].畜牧兽医科技信息,2016(1):12-14.
[23]封海波.川牛膝多糖对小鼠免疫反应的影响及机理研究[D].博士学位论文.雅安:四川农业大学,2013.
[24]李俊丽,韩兴发,刘铁秋,等.川牛膝多糖对衰老小鼠模型的体内抗氧化作用[J].中国抗生素杂志,2014,39(7):553-559.
[25]陈元娜,徐锦龙,陈武,等.川牛膝多糖对小鼠免疫功能影响的实验研究[J].海峡药学,2012,24(6):17-18.
[26]刘永华,苏杭,杨松.牛膝多糖对雏鸡禽流感免疫效果的影响[J].饲料研究,2014(9):52-52.
[2]侯博,曾建国.血根碱的生物学活性及博落回提取物在动物生产中的应用[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(2):413-420.
[3]LU J J,BAO J L,CHEN X P,et al.Alkaloids isolated from natural herbs as the anticancer agents[J].Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine,2012,2012:485042,doi:10.1155/2012/485042.
[4]张卫兵,张蓉,屠焰,等.血根碱的作用机制及其在动物营养上的应用效果[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(1):27-33.
[5]TAN F,DENG J.Analysis of the constituents and antisenile function of Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharides[J].Acta Botanica Sinica,2002,44(7):795-798.
[6]LEE K W,KIMJ S,OH S T.Effects of dietary sanguinarine on grow th performance,relative organ weight,cecal microflora,serum cholesterol level and meat quality in broiler chickens[J].The Journal of Poultry Science,2015,52(1):15-22.
[7]云龙.血根碱制剂对黄羽肉鸡生长性能及抗氧化功能的影响[D].硕士学位论文.长沙:湖南农业大学,2016.
[8]罗李媛.川牛膝多糖的提取工艺及其对肉鸡免疫调节作用的研究[D].硕士学位论文.雅安:四川农业大学,2008.
[9]谢堃,云龙,潘迪子,等.博落回血根碱提取物对黄羽肉鸡生长性能及抗氧化功能的影响[C]//中国畜牧兽医学会动物营养学分会第十二次动物营养学术研讨会论文集.武汉:中国畜牧兽医学会动物营养学分会,2016:348.
[10]唐胜球,董小英.牛膝对肉鸡生产性能与免疫器官指数的影响[J].中国饲料,2012(10):24-26.
[11]林谦,岳龙,刘耕,等.低蛋白饲粮条件下血根碱替代色氨酸对猪生长和代谢的影响[C]//中国猪业科技大会暨中国畜牧兽医学会2015年学术年会论文集.厦门:中国畜牧兽医学会,2015:142.
[12]杜莉,夏双双,汪德中,等.博落回及其提取物对哺乳母猪生产性能的影响[J].家畜生态学报,2017,38(4):44-47.
[13]何夏阳.血根碱对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分消化率和血液生化指标的影响[D].硕士学位论文.长沙:湖南农业大学,2010.
[14]戴波.血根碱对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响及腹泻防治效果的研究[D].硕士学位论文.长沙:湖南农业大学,2015.
[15]KANTAS D,PAPATSIROS V G,TASSIS P D,et al.The effect of a natural feed additive(Macleaya cordata),containing sanguinarine,on the performance and health status of weaning pigs[J].Animal Science Journal,2015,86(1):92-98.
[16]欧阳龙,黄勇,曹峰,等.博落回散对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响[J].中国饲料,2015(7):38-39.
[17]李会智,褚青坡,王志国,等.博落回提取物对断奶仔猪生长性能、腹泻率和血清免疫指标的影响[C]//中国猪业科技大会暨中国畜牧兽医学会2015年学术年会论文集.厦门:中国畜牧兽医学会,2015:171.
[18]朱惠玲,刘玉兰,郭广伦,等.牛膝多糖对免疫应激仔猪生长性能、炎性介质和内分泌激素的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2011,47(5):48-51.
[19]张文俊,赵玉蓉,李滔,等.牛膝多糖对脂多糖应激断奶仔猪生长性能和免疫功能的影响及其机制研究[C]//中国畜牧兽医学会动物营养学分会第十一次全国动物营养学术研讨会论文集.长沙:中国畜牧兽医学会动物营养学分会,2012:81.
[20]方热军,汤少勋,李铁军.复方中草药添加剂对地方肉鸡生长和物质代谢的影响[J].中国饲料,2000(7):9-11.
[21]罗国富,肖世玖.血根碱的药理作用及其应用[J].兽药与饲料添加剂,2009,14(5):22-24.
[22]陈春.牛膝多糖体外对猪外周血淋巴细胞增殖的研究[J].畜牧兽医科技信息,2016(1):12-14.
[23]封海波.川牛膝多糖对小鼠免疫反应的影响及机理研究[D].博士学位论文.雅安:四川农业大学,2013.
[24]李俊丽,韩兴发,刘铁秋,等.川牛膝多糖对衰老小鼠模型的体内抗氧化作用[J].中国抗生素杂志,2014,39(7):553-559.
[25]陈元娜,徐锦龙,陈武,等.川牛膝多糖对小鼠免疫功能影响的实验研究[J].海峡药学,2012,24(6):17-18.
[26]刘永华,苏杭,杨松.牛膝多糖对雏鸡禽流感免疫效果的影响[J].饲料研究,2014(9):52-52.