黄淮麦区冬小麦品种耐热性比较研究
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摘要
以黄淮麦区生产上大面积应用的16个冬小麦品种为材料开展大田试验,通过人工模拟高温胁迫处理,分析不同冬小麦品种旗叶叶绿素含量、籽粒千粒质量、产量及其热感指数,筛选耐热品种,以期为黄淮麦区冬小麦高效生产品种选择提供理论依据。结果表明,与田间自然生长的对照相比,热胁迫降低了灌浆中后期冬小麦旗叶SPAD值,并随灌浆进程推进降幅增大,且SPAD值降幅在不同品种间有明显差异。不同时期旗叶SPAD值与冬小麦千粒质量热感指数、产量热感指数关系均不显著。通过对千粒质量热感指数、产量热感指数进行综合分析,筛选出千粒质量热感指数、产量热感指数均小于1的综合耐热性较强的冬小麦品种:周麦18、矮抗58、西农979、平安8号、良星99、郑麦7698。
A field experiment was conducted using 16 winter wheat cultivars which were widely grown in Huang-Huai region,and the artificial simulation of heat stress treatment was conducted.The chlorophyll content,1 000-grain weight,yield and their thermal indexes of different winter wheat varieties were analyzed,and the heat-tolerant varieties were screened,so as to provide theoretical basis for selection of winter wheat variety with high-efficient production of winter wheat in Huang-Huai region.The results showed that the SPAD value of flag leaf decreased under heat stress compared to natural growth treatment(CK) at the middle-late filling stage,the decrease range of SPAD value increased with the progress of the filling process,and the decrease ranges of SPAD value were obviously different among different varieties.Moreover,the correlations between flag leaf SPAD value and thermal indexes of 1 000-grain weight and yield were not significant in different periods.Based on the analysis of thermal indexes of 1 000-grain weight and yield,heat-tolerant varieties whose thermal indexes of 1 000-grain weight and yield were all less than one were screened,such as Zhoumai 18,Aikang 58,Xinong 979,Ping'an No.8,Liangxing 99 and Zhengmai 7698.
A field experiment was conducted using 16 winter wheat cultivars which were widely grown in Huang-Huai region,and the artificial simulation of heat stress treatment was conducted.The chlorophyll content,1 000-grain weight,yield and their thermal indexes of different winter wheat varieties were analyzed,and the heat-tolerant varieties were screened,so as to provide theoretical basis for selection of winter wheat variety with high-efficient production of winter wheat in Huang-Huai region.The results showed that the SPAD value of flag leaf decreased under heat stress compared to natural growth treatment(CK) at the middle-late filling stage,the decrease range of SPAD value increased with the progress of the filling process,and the decrease ranges of SPAD value were obviously different among different varieties.Moreover,the correlations between flag leaf SPAD value and thermal indexes of 1 000-grain weight and yield were not significant in different periods.Based on the analysis of thermal indexes of 1 000-grain weight and yield,heat-tolerant varieties whose thermal indexes of 1 000-grain weight and yield were all less than one were screened,such as Zhoumai 18,Aikang 58,Xinong 979,Ping'an No.8,Liangxing 99 and Zhengmai 7698.
引文
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[16] 李小玲,华智锐,李静.油菜素内酯对秦岭高山杜鹃耐热性的影响[J].河南农业科学,2017,46(8):126-130.
[17] 吴莎,金晓玲,张旻桓,等.外源水杨酸对高温胁迫下牡丹幼苗耐热性的影响[J].河南农业科学,2018,47(6):98-103.
[18] 张平平,何中虎,夏先春,等.高温胁迫对小麦蛋白质和淀粉品质影响的研究进展[J].麦类作物学报,2005,25(5):129-132.
[19] 陈希勇,孙其信,孙长征,等.春小麦耐热性表现及其评价[J].中国农业大学学报,2000,5(1):43-49.
[20] BITA C E,GERATS T.Plant tolerance to high temperature in a changing environment:Scientific fundamentals and production of heat stress-tolerant crops[J].Frontiers in Plant Science,2013,273(4):1-18.
[21] 马小娣,彭惠茹,汪茅,等.作物耐热性的评价[J].植物学通报,2004,21(4):411-418.
[2] SCHLENKER W,ROBERTS M J.Nonlinear temperature effects indicate severe damages to US crop yields under climate change[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2009,106(37):15594-15598.
[3] 赵俊芳,赵艳霞,郭建平,等.过去50年黄淮海地区冬小麦干热风发生的时空演变规律[J].中国农业科学,2012,45(14):2815-2825.
[4] 杨霏云,朱玉洁,刘伟昌.华北冬麦区干热风发生规律及风险区划[J].自然灾害学报,2013,22(3):112-121.
[5] 权畅,景元书,谭凯炎.高温热害对华北地区冬小麦灌浆和产量的影响[J].河南农业科学,2014,43(1):28-32.
[6] 吴宏亮,周续莲,康建宏.花后高温干旱对小麦淀粉形成的研究进展[J].农业科学研究,2011,32(3):67-71.
[7] 韩利明,张勇,彭惠茹,等.从产量和品质性状的变化分析北方冬麦区小麦品种抗热性[J].作物学报,2010,36(9):1538-1546.
[8] 刘萍,郭文善,浦汉春,等.灌浆期高温对小麦剑叶抗氧化酶及膜脂过氧化的影响[J].中国农业科学,2005,38(12):2403-2407.
[9] 郭文善,施劲松,彭永欣,等.灌浆期高温对小麦光合产物运转的影响[J].核农学报,1998,12(1):21-27.
[10] 安晓东,靖金莲,刘玲玲,等.花后高温对晋南冬小麦籽粒灌浆速率的影响[J].山西农业科学,2018,46(9):1444-1447,1464.
[11] 耿晓丽,张月伶,臧新山,等.北方冬麦区与黄淮北片优良小麦品种(系)耐热性评价[J].麦类作物学报,2016,36(2):172-181.
[12] 赵彦坤,王秀堂,王静,等.热胁迫对不同小麦品种灌浆速率的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(9):1239-1245.
[13] 徐如强,孙其信,张树榛.春小麦耐热性的筛选方法与指标[J].华北农学报,1997,12(3):22-29.
[14] 闫长生,肖世和,张秀英,等.冬小麦品种生育后期的耐热性评价[J].华北农学报,2003,18(3):15-17.
[15] 傅晓艺,何明琦,史占良,等.灌浆期高温胁迫对小麦灌浆特性和品质的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2015,35(6):867-872.
[16] 李小玲,华智锐,李静.油菜素内酯对秦岭高山杜鹃耐热性的影响[J].河南农业科学,2017,46(8):126-130.
[17] 吴莎,金晓玲,张旻桓,等.外源水杨酸对高温胁迫下牡丹幼苗耐热性的影响[J].河南农业科学,2018,47(6):98-103.
[18] 张平平,何中虎,夏先春,等.高温胁迫对小麦蛋白质和淀粉品质影响的研究进展[J].麦类作物学报,2005,25(5):129-132.
[19] 陈希勇,孙其信,孙长征,等.春小麦耐热性表现及其评价[J].中国农业大学学报,2000,5(1):43-49.
[20] BITA C E,GERATS T.Plant tolerance to high temperature in a changing environment:Scientific fundamentals and production of heat stress-tolerant crops[J].Frontiers in Plant Science,2013,273(4):1-18.
[21] 马小娣,彭惠茹,汪茅,等.作物耐热性的评价[J].植物学通报,2004,21(4):411-418.