武夷山亚热带常绿阔叶林土壤养分及酶活性对氮沉降的响应
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摘要
通过原位进行对照[N_0,0 kg/(hm~2·a)]、低氮[N_1,50 kg/(hm~2·a)]、中氮[N_2,100 kg/(hm~2·a)]和高氮[N_3,150 kg/(hm~2·a)]处理,对武夷山亚热带常绿阔叶林进行了为期12个月的模拟氮沉降试验,研究了土壤养分和酶活性及其对模拟氮沉降的响应。结果表明:(1)氮沉降对常绿阔叶林土壤有机碳、全氮、全钾、有效磷和有效氮含量起到一定的增加作用,对土壤全磷没有显著的影响(p>0.05),而高浓度氮沉降会引起土壤养分的降低,其中土壤有效养分(有效磷和有效氮)对氮浓度的响应较大。(2)土壤微生物量碳和氮随氮浓度的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势,大致表现为:N_2>N_1>N_3>N_0,模拟氮沉降处理下土壤微生物量磷差异均不显著(p>0.05)。(3)氮沉降对常绿阔叶林土壤Bglu活性、Bxyl活性、NAG活性、Phos活性和Pero活性起到一定的增加作用,对对Phox活性没有显著的影响(p>0.05)。(4)相关性分析表明:土壤养分、酶活性与土壤含水量具有一定的相关性,其中0—5 cm土壤含水量相关系数R~2高于5—10 cm土壤含水量相关系数;土壤养分、酶活性与土壤温度具有一定的相关性,其中0—5 cm土壤温度相关系数R~2高于5—10 cm土壤温度相关系数,说明表层(0—5 cm)土壤温度和水分对土壤养分、酶活性的影响较大。
This study was conducted in in a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in Wuyishan Mountain and aimed at measuring soil nutrients and soil enzyme activities and the effects of nitrogen deposition. Nitrogen addition experiments were carried out within the forest selected in 2016. Four N addition treatments with three replicates were established in mature forest: control, no N [N_0, 0 kg/(hm~2·a)], low N [N_1, 50 kg/(hm~2·a)], medium N [N_2, 100 kg/(hm~2·a)] and high N [N_3, 150 kg/(hm~2·a)]. The results showed that:(1) the soil temperature and soil moisture content had the consistent change trend with the highest in January and the lowest in August;(2) there was a significant effect of nitrogen deposition on soil nutrients, and then increased soil nutrients, while there was no significant effect of nitrogen deposition on soil total phosphorus(p>0.05);(3) soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen concentration, while there was no significant effect of nitrogen deposition on soil microbial biomass phosphorus(p>0.05);(4) soil Bglu, Bxyl, NAG, Phos, Phox, Pero enzyme activity increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen concentration, and then increased soil enzyme activities, while there was no significant effect of nitrogen deposition on soil Phox enzyme activity(p>0.05);(5) correlation analysis showed that correlation coefficient between soil water content and soil nutrients and soil enzyme activity in 0—5 cm layer was higher than correlation coefficient in 5—10 cm layer; similarly, correlation coefficient between soil temperature and soil nutrients and soil enzyme activity in 0—5 cm layer was higher than correlation coefficient in 5—10 cm layer, suggesting that soil nutrients and soil enzyme are more dependent on soil temperature.
This study was conducted in in a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in Wuyishan Mountain and aimed at measuring soil nutrients and soil enzyme activities and the effects of nitrogen deposition. Nitrogen addition experiments were carried out within the forest selected in 2016. Four N addition treatments with three replicates were established in mature forest: control, no N [N_0, 0 kg/(hm~2·a)], low N [N_1, 50 kg/(hm~2·a)], medium N [N_2, 100 kg/(hm~2·a)] and high N [N_3, 150 kg/(hm~2·a)]. The results showed that:(1) the soil temperature and soil moisture content had the consistent change trend with the highest in January and the lowest in August;(2) there was a significant effect of nitrogen deposition on soil nutrients, and then increased soil nutrients, while there was no significant effect of nitrogen deposition on soil total phosphorus(p>0.05);(3) soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen concentration, while there was no significant effect of nitrogen deposition on soil microbial biomass phosphorus(p>0.05);(4) soil Bglu, Bxyl, NAG, Phos, Phox, Pero enzyme activity increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen concentration, and then increased soil enzyme activities, while there was no significant effect of nitrogen deposition on soil Phox enzyme activity(p>0.05);(5) correlation analysis showed that correlation coefficient between soil water content and soil nutrients and soil enzyme activity in 0—5 cm layer was higher than correlation coefficient in 5—10 cm layer; similarly, correlation coefficient between soil temperature and soil nutrients and soil enzyme activity in 0—5 cm layer was higher than correlation coefficient in 5—10 cm layer, suggesting that soil nutrients and soil enzyme are more dependent on soil temperature.
引文
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[2]周世兴,邹秤,肖永翔,等.模拟氮沉降对华西雨屏区天然常绿阔叶林土壤微生物生物量碳和氮的影响[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(1):12-18.
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[4]钟晓兰,李江涛,李小嘉,等.模拟氮沉降增加条件下土壤团聚体对酶活性的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(5):1422-1433.
[5]刘彩霞,焦如珍,董玉红,等.模拟氮沉降对杉木林土壤氮循环相关微生物的影响[J].林业科学,2015,51(4):96-102.
[6]张娇,郝龙飞,王庆成,等.模拟氮沉降对落叶松人工林土壤呼吸的影响[J].植物研究,2016,36(4):596-604.
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[9]向元彬,黄从德,胡庭兴,等.华西雨屏区巨桉人工林土壤呼吸对模拟氮沉降的响应[J].林业科学,2014,50(1):21-26.
[10]吴迪,张蕊,高升华,等.模拟氮沉降对长江中下游滩地杨树林土壤呼吸各组分的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(3):717-724.
[11]闫钟清,齐玉春,彭琴,等.降水和氮沉降增加对草地土壤酶活性的影响[J].生态学报,2017,37(9):3019-3027.
[12]李英滨,李琪,杨俊杰,等.模拟氮沉降对温带草原凋落物质量的影响[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(10):2732-2737.
[13]元晓春,陈岳民,袁硕,等.氮沉降对杉木人工幼林土壤溶液可溶性有机物质浓度及光谱学特征的影响[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(1):1-11.
[14]闫钟清,齐玉春,董云社,等.降水与氮沉降变化对草地关键氮过程的影响研究进展[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(4):1189-1197.
[15]顾峰雪,黄玫,张远东,等.1961—2010年中国区域氮沉降时空格局模拟研究[J].生态学报,2016,36(12):3591-3600.
[16]彭春菊,李全,顾鸿昊,等.模拟氮沉降及经营方式对毛竹林土壤酶活性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(2):423-429.
[17]梁艳,曹旭娟,张伟娜,等.模拟氮沉降对藏北高寒草甸温室气体排放的影响[J].生态学报,2017,37(2):485-494.
[18]向元彬,周世兴,肖永翔,等.模拟氮沉降和降雨量改变对华西雨屏区常绿阔叶林土壤有机碳的影响[J].生态学报,2017,37(14):4686-4695.
[19]方华军,程淑兰,于贵瑞,等.森林土壤氧化亚氮排放对大气氮沉降增加的响应研究进展[J].土壤学报,2015,52(2):262-271.
[20]向元彬,黄从德,胡庭兴,等.模拟氮沉降对常绿阔叶林土壤有效氮形态和含量的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2016,44(12):73-80.
[21]鲁显楷,莫江明,彭少麟,等.鼎湖山季风常绿阔叶林林下层3种优势树种游离氨基酸和蛋白质对模拟氮沉降的响应[J].生态学报,2006,26(3):118-128.
[22]周世兴,邹秤,肖永翔,等.模拟氮沉降对华西雨屏区天然常绿阔叶林土壤微生物生物量碳和氮的影响[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(1):12-18.
[23]宁凯,于君宝,屈凡柱,等.黄河三角洲滨海地区植物生长季大气氮沉降动态[J].地理科学,2015,35(2):217-222.
[24]齐玉春,彭琴,董云社,等.不同退化程度羊草草原碳收支对模拟氮沉降变化的响应[J].环境科学,2015,36(2):625-635.
[25]张蕊,王艺,金国庆,等.模拟氮沉降对低磷胁迫下3个种源木荷幼苗生长及叶片氮磷含量的影响[J].林业科学,2015,51(4):36-43.
[26]孙素琪,王玉杰,王云琦,等.缙云山常绿阔叶林土壤呼吸对模拟氮沉降的响应[J].林业科学,2014,50(1):1-8.
[27]宋平,张一,张蕊,等.低磷胁迫下马尾松无性系磷效率性状对氮沉降的响应[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(2):502-511.
[28]郑丽丽,郭萍萍,易志刚.鼎湖山典型森林土壤苯系物通量对模拟氮沉降的响应[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(3):396-401.
[29]李化山,汪金松,刘星,等.模拟氮沉降对太岳山油松林土壤呼吸的影响及其持续效应[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(1):238-249.
[30]赵晶,闫文德,郑威,等.樟树人工林凋落物养分含量及归还量对氮沉降的响应[J].生态学报,2016,36(2):350-359.
[31]刘星,汪金松,赵秀海.模拟氮沉降对太岳山油松林土壤酶活性的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(14):4613-4624.
[2]周世兴,邹秤,肖永翔,等.模拟氮沉降对华西雨屏区天然常绿阔叶林土壤微生物生物量碳和氮的影响[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(1):12-18.
[3]刘彩霞,焦如珍,董玉红,等.应用PLFA方法分析氮沉降对土壤微生物群落结构的影响[J].林业科学,2015,51(6):155-162.
[4]钟晓兰,李江涛,李小嘉,等.模拟氮沉降增加条件下土壤团聚体对酶活性的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(5):1422-1433.
[5]刘彩霞,焦如珍,董玉红,等.模拟氮沉降对杉木林土壤氮循环相关微生物的影响[J].林业科学,2015,51(4):96-102.
[6]张娇,郝龙飞,王庆成,等.模拟氮沉降对落叶松人工林土壤呼吸的影响[J].植物研究,2016,36(4):596-604.
[7]胡芳,徐美丽,刘婷.模拟氮沉降对华北落叶松人工林土壤氮含量的短期影响[J].山西农业科学,2017,45(4):596-598.
[8]汪金松,赵秀海,张春雨,等.模拟氮沉降对油松林土壤有机碳和全氮的影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2016,38(10):88-94.
[9]向元彬,黄从德,胡庭兴,等.华西雨屏区巨桉人工林土壤呼吸对模拟氮沉降的响应[J].林业科学,2014,50(1):21-26.
[10]吴迪,张蕊,高升华,等.模拟氮沉降对长江中下游滩地杨树林土壤呼吸各组分的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(3):717-724.
[11]闫钟清,齐玉春,彭琴,等.降水和氮沉降增加对草地土壤酶活性的影响[J].生态学报,2017,37(9):3019-3027.
[12]李英滨,李琪,杨俊杰,等.模拟氮沉降对温带草原凋落物质量的影响[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(10):2732-2737.
[13]元晓春,陈岳民,袁硕,等.氮沉降对杉木人工幼林土壤溶液可溶性有机物质浓度及光谱学特征的影响[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(1):1-11.
[14]闫钟清,齐玉春,董云社,等.降水与氮沉降变化对草地关键氮过程的影响研究进展[J].中国环境科学,2016,36(4):1189-1197.
[15]顾峰雪,黄玫,张远东,等.1961—2010年中国区域氮沉降时空格局模拟研究[J].生态学报,2016,36(12):3591-3600.
[16]彭春菊,李全,顾鸿昊,等.模拟氮沉降及经营方式对毛竹林土壤酶活性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(2):423-429.
[17]梁艳,曹旭娟,张伟娜,等.模拟氮沉降对藏北高寒草甸温室气体排放的影响[J].生态学报,2017,37(2):485-494.
[18]向元彬,周世兴,肖永翔,等.模拟氮沉降和降雨量改变对华西雨屏区常绿阔叶林土壤有机碳的影响[J].生态学报,2017,37(14):4686-4695.
[19]方华军,程淑兰,于贵瑞,等.森林土壤氧化亚氮排放对大气氮沉降增加的响应研究进展[J].土壤学报,2015,52(2):262-271.
[20]向元彬,黄从德,胡庭兴,等.模拟氮沉降对常绿阔叶林土壤有效氮形态和含量的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2016,44(12):73-80.
[21]鲁显楷,莫江明,彭少麟,等.鼎湖山季风常绿阔叶林林下层3种优势树种游离氨基酸和蛋白质对模拟氮沉降的响应[J].生态学报,2006,26(3):118-128.
[22]周世兴,邹秤,肖永翔,等.模拟氮沉降对华西雨屏区天然常绿阔叶林土壤微生物生物量碳和氮的影响[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(1):12-18.
[23]宁凯,于君宝,屈凡柱,等.黄河三角洲滨海地区植物生长季大气氮沉降动态[J].地理科学,2015,35(2):217-222.
[24]齐玉春,彭琴,董云社,等.不同退化程度羊草草原碳收支对模拟氮沉降变化的响应[J].环境科学,2015,36(2):625-635.
[25]张蕊,王艺,金国庆,等.模拟氮沉降对低磷胁迫下3个种源木荷幼苗生长及叶片氮磷含量的影响[J].林业科学,2015,51(4):36-43.
[26]孙素琪,王玉杰,王云琦,等.缙云山常绿阔叶林土壤呼吸对模拟氮沉降的响应[J].林业科学,2014,50(1):1-8.
[27]宋平,张一,张蕊,等.低磷胁迫下马尾松无性系磷效率性状对氮沉降的响应[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(2):502-511.
[28]郑丽丽,郭萍萍,易志刚.鼎湖山典型森林土壤苯系物通量对模拟氮沉降的响应[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(3):396-401.
[29]李化山,汪金松,刘星,等.模拟氮沉降对太岳山油松林土壤呼吸的影响及其持续效应[J].环境科学学报,2014,34(1):238-249.
[30]赵晶,闫文德,郑威,等.樟树人工林凋落物养分含量及归还量对氮沉降的响应[J].生态学报,2016,36(2):350-359.
[31]刘星,汪金松,赵秀海.模拟氮沉降对太岳山油松林土壤酶活性的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(14):4613-4624.