大连地区夏季大雾天气特征及诊断分析
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摘要
利用常规资料及NCEP资料对大连地区夏季大雾天气特征及物理机制进行分析。结果表明:大连大雾日数东部最多,北部最少,总体呈增长态势,2005或2006年出现峰值。南部和东部6、7月大雾日数明显偏多,其他地区无明显月份差异。大雾多出现在夜间至次日早晨。大连夏季持续大雾天气时,中高层副高呈纬向分布,偏西流场中有弱槽脊活动;低层位于副高后部槽前部,西南水汽输送场中;地面位于低值系统前部或顶部,持续较弱的偏东风或偏南风;近地面有逆温层,有弱的散度、涡度和垂直运动场,有利于水汽在近地层的输送和聚集,有利于大雾的形成和长时间维持。该研究获得大连地区夏季大雾天气气候特征及持续大雾天气的预报指标,为大连夏季大雾预报提供参考。
Based on the NCEP 1°×1° reanalysis data and the conventional observation data, the features andthe physical mechanism of summer fog in Dalian were analyzed. The results showed that: the distribution of fogin Dalian presented the characteristics of most fog days in east part while least fog days in north part, and thefog days had an overall rising trend, reached a peak in 2005 or 2006. Heavy fog occurred most frequently insouth and east part in June and July, but showed no monthly significant difference in the other parts. Heavy fogoften took place from night to the next morning when continuous summer heavy fog occurred in Dalian, thesubtropical high of the high altitude layer showed a zonal distribution, there were activities with weak slot andridge in westerlies; the lower layer was in the front of the slot and behind subtropical high field, also in thesouthwest vapor transport field. Meanwhile, the ground was in the top or the forepart of low pressure field,which kept blowing weakly southerly or easterly. The existence of inversion temperature layer, weak divergencyand vorticity, and the slightly vertical velocity vorticity field were favorable not only for the transportation andconvergency of fog, but also for the formation and the maintenance of fog. In the study, forecast index of theclimate characteristics of summer fog and the continuous fog days in Dalian was obtained, which could providea reference for summer fog forecast in Dalian.
Based on the NCEP 1°×1° reanalysis data and the conventional observation data, the features andthe physical mechanism of summer fog in Dalian were analyzed. The results showed that: the distribution of fogin Dalian presented the characteristics of most fog days in east part while least fog days in north part, and thefog days had an overall rising trend, reached a peak in 2005 or 2006. Heavy fog occurred most frequently insouth and east part in June and July, but showed no monthly significant difference in the other parts. Heavy fogoften took place from night to the next morning when continuous summer heavy fog occurred in Dalian, thesubtropical high of the high altitude layer showed a zonal distribution, there were activities with weak slot andridge in westerlies; the lower layer was in the front of the slot and behind subtropical high field, also in thesouthwest vapor transport field. Meanwhile, the ground was in the top or the forepart of low pressure field,which kept blowing weakly southerly or easterly. The existence of inversion temperature layer, weak divergencyand vorticity, and the slightly vertical velocity vorticity field were favorable not only for the transportation andconvergency of fog, but also for the formation and the maintenance of fog. In the study, forecast index of theclimate characteristics of summer fog and the continuous fog days in Dalian was obtained, which could providea reference for summer fog forecast in Dalian.
引文
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[19]梁军,张胜军,隋洪起,等.大连地区大雾特征[J].应用气象学报,2009,20(1):28-35.
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[2]明惠青,孙丽,王艳丽,等.沈阳近60年大雾发生规律及与气象条件关系[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(26):248-252.
[3]李子华,刘端阳,杨军.辐射雾雾滴谱拓宽的微物理过程和宏观条件[J].大气科学,2011,35(1):41-54.
[4]林建,杨贵名,毛冬艳.中国雾的时空分布特征及其发生的环流形势[J].气候与环境研究,2008,13(2):171-181.
[5]严明良,缪启龙,袁成松,等.沪宁高速公路一次大雾过程的数值模拟及诊断分析[J].高原气象,2011,30(2):428-436.
[6]张立祥,周小珊,陆葱葱,等.辽东半岛雾的成因分析及预报[J].辽宁气象,1998(1):16-19.
[7]李辑,陈传雷,龚强.辽宁省大雾演变规律及对气候变暖的响应研究[J].环境科学研究,2007,20(2):112-117.
[8]陈传雷,蒋大凯,孔令军.近53年辽宁省雾的时空分布及成因分析[J].气象与环境学报,2006,22(1):21-24.
[9]蒋大凯,闵锦忠,陈传雷,等.辽宁省区域性大雾预报研究[J].气象科学,2007,27(5):578-583.
[10]廖晓农,魏东,石增云,等.连续少雨背景下北京暴雨的若干特征[J].高原气象,2011,30(3):749-759.
[11]丁永红,王文,陈晓光.宁夏近44年暴雨气候特征和变化规律分析[J].高原气象,2007,26(3):630-636.
[12]蔡英,钱正安,吴统文.青藏高原及周围地区大气可降水量的分布、变化与各地多变的降水气候[J].高原气象,2004,23(1):1-10.
[13]曹祥村,邵利民,李晓东.黄渤海一次持续性大雾过程特征和成因分析[J].气象科技,2012,40(1):92-99.
[14]黄彬,王睛,陆雪,等.黄渤海一次持续性大雾过程的边界层特征及生消机理分析气象[J].气象,2014,40(11):1324-1337.
[15]曹志强,方翔,吴小京,等.2007年初一次雪后大雾天气过程分析[J].气象,2007,33(9):52-58.
[16]康志明,尤红,郭文华,等.2004年冬季华北平原持续大雾天气的诊断分析[J].气象,2005,31(12):51-56.
[17]毛冬艳,杨贵明.华北平原雾发生的气象条件[J].气象,2006,32(1):78-83.
[18]林杨,沈桐立,胡琳,等.陕西冬季一次大雾天气生消机制的数值模拟研究[J].高原气象,2010,29(2):437-446.
[19]梁军,张胜军,隋洪起,等.大连地区大雾特征[J].应用气象学报,2009,20(1):28-35.
[20]王爽,张宏升,吕环宇,等.大连初冬一次辐射平流雾天气过程分析[J].大气科学学报,2011,34(5):614-619.