鸡快慢羽性状遗传学基础分析综合实验探索与实践
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摘要
随着全国"卓越农林人才教育培养计划"的开展,我校动物科学专业设置了"卓越班",以突出培养学生的系统思维和创新创业能力为目标开展了系列教育教学管理和课程改革。为此,我们以"鸡快、慢羽性状"为实验对象,设计了"鸡快慢羽性状遗传学基础分析"综合实验,突出培养学生用理论知识解决生产实践问题的思维和能力。本文重点介绍了该实验作为动物遗传学实验教学案例的实施过程及效果,首先从鸡的表型观察逐步深入到遗传学基础分析,利用遗传学理论指导鸡快、慢羽品系培育的育种实践。实验内容涉及伴性遗传规律和性别决定机制等遗传学理论知识,同时还涉及基因组DNA提取、基因扩增、酶切及电泳分析等一系列分子遗传学的技术方法。不仅有利于学生综合分析能力和专业技能的掌握,还有助于培养学生对动物科学专业的科研兴趣和创新意识。此综合性实验还展现了用遗传学理论指导动物品种培育实践过程,符合动物科学专业复合应用型人才培养目标的要求,其中的教学理念和方法可推广应用于其他生物学实验教学。
With the implementation of the "Education and Training Program for Outstanding Agricultural and Forestry Talents" in our country, our university established the "Outstanding Class" for students majoring in the animal science. We also carried out a series of educational management and curriculum reforms to cultivate students' systematic model of thinking and the ability of technology innovation. In this paper, we designed a comprehensive experiment that focused on analyzing early and late feather genetic traits of chicken. The students initially observed the phenotype of chickens and gradually were led into genetics analysis. We introduced the breeding practice, and guided the students to use genetic theories to breed chick strains of early and late feather traits. The experiment is not only based on the sex-linkage theory and sex determination mechanism, but also molecular genetics technologies, such as genomic DNA extraction, amplification, enzyme digestion and electrophoresis. Conducting this experiment can enhance students' comprehensive analysis ability and professional skills, as well as be beneficial to cultivate their scientific research interests and curiosity on animal sciences. Thus, we integrated the genetics theories into animal breeding practice that meet the requirement of comprehensive applied talents of animal science specialty. The teaching ideas and methods described in this paper can be applied to other biological experiment teaching practice.
With the implementation of the "Education and Training Program for Outstanding Agricultural and Forestry Talents" in our country, our university established the "Outstanding Class" for students majoring in the animal science. We also carried out a series of educational management and curriculum reforms to cultivate students' systematic model of thinking and the ability of technology innovation. In this paper, we designed a comprehensive experiment that focused on analyzing early and late feather genetic traits of chicken. The students initially observed the phenotype of chickens and gradually were led into genetics analysis. We introduced the breeding practice, and guided the students to use genetic theories to breed chick strains of early and late feather traits. The experiment is not only based on the sex-linkage theory and sex determination mechanism, but also molecular genetics technologies, such as genomic DNA extraction, amplification, enzyme digestion and electrophoresis. Conducting this experiment can enhance students' comprehensive analysis ability and professional skills, as well as be beneficial to cultivate their scientific research interests and curiosity on animal sciences. Thus, we integrated the genetics theories into animal breeding practice that meet the requirement of comprehensive applied talents of animal science specialty. The teaching ideas and methods described in this paper can be applied to other biological experiment teaching practice.
引文
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[7]Elferink MG,Vallée AAA,Jungerius AP,Crooijmans RPMA,Groenen MAM.Partial duplication of the PRLR and SPEF2 genes at the late feathering locus in chicken.BMC Genomics,2008,9:391.
[8]Zhao JC.Screening of candidate genes of chicken feathering[D].Yangzhou:Yangzhou University,2016.赵计昌.鸡快慢羽候选基因的筛选[学位论文].扬州:扬州大学,2016.
[9]Huang XY,Fan K,Ye YF,Wang B,Wu WR,Lan T.Teaching practice and experiences of verifying the three laws of genetics based on the SSLP marker analysis.Hereditas(Beijing),2017,39(9):856–862.黄雪盈,范凯,叶炎芳,汪斌,吴为人,兰涛.基于SSLP分子标记验证遗传学三大定律的教学实践探索与体会.遗传,2017,39(9):856–862.
[2]Wang HZ,Zhao JH,Jia XH.Selection of Rizhao chicken with early and late feathering and the autosexing effect analysis.China Poult,2016,38(9):54–56.王海洲,赵纪华,贾晓晖.日照麻鸡快慢羽纯系的选育及自别雌雄效果分析.中国家禽,2016,38(9):54–56.
[3]Zhang YL,Wang ZP,Qiu JW,Leng L,Li YM,Cao ZP,Li H.Genetic analyses on blue eggshell,recessive white and feathering rate traits in lindian chicken population.China Poult,2015,37(17):5–11.张元良,王志鹏,邱家维,冷丽,李玉茂,曹志平,李辉.林甸鸡绿壳蛋、隐性白、快慢羽性状的遗传基础分析.中国家禽,2015,37(17):5–11.
[4]Qiu XP.Study on chicken late feather.In:The Eighth National Symposium on Poultry Science.Harbin:Northeast Forestry University Press,1997:120–122.邱祥聘.鸡的慢羽羽型研究.见:第八届全国家禽学术讨论会论文集.哈尔滨:东北林业大学出版社,1997:120–122.
[5]Iraqi F,Smith EJ.Determination of the zygosity of ev21-k in late-feathering male white leghorns using the polymerase chain reaction.Poult Sci,1994,73(7):939–946.
[6]Han JR.Research on growth fectors for feather development and regulation function ofev21 LTR[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2007.韩瑾润.影响羽毛发育的生长因子及相关ev21LTR调控的研究[学位论文].北京:中国农业大学,2007.
[7]Elferink MG,Vallée AAA,Jungerius AP,Crooijmans RPMA,Groenen MAM.Partial duplication of the PRLR and SPEF2 genes at the late feathering locus in chicken.BMC Genomics,2008,9:391.
[8]Zhao JC.Screening of candidate genes of chicken feathering[D].Yangzhou:Yangzhou University,2016.赵计昌.鸡快慢羽候选基因的筛选[学位论文].扬州:扬州大学,2016.
[9]Huang XY,Fan K,Ye YF,Wang B,Wu WR,Lan T.Teaching practice and experiences of verifying the three laws of genetics based on the SSLP marker analysis.Hereditas(Beijing),2017,39(9):856–862.黄雪盈,范凯,叶炎芳,汪斌,吴为人,兰涛.基于SSLP分子标记验证遗传学三大定律的教学实践探索与体会.遗传,2017,39(9):856–862.