东昆仑东段哈陇休玛斑岩型钼矿成矿流体特征及成矿机制探讨
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摘要
哈陇休玛钼矿位于东昆仑造山带东段,是近年来新发现的斑岩型钼矿床,规模已达中型。与成矿有关的岩体是晚三叠世花岗闪长斑岩流体包裹体的研究表明,石英-辉钼矿阶段流体包裹体类型主要有气液两相和含CO_2三相包裹体两种类型,前者盐水溶液盐度集中在6NaCI.eqv~12 NaCI.eqv间,后者盐度较大主要集中在16%NaCI.eqv~20%NaCI.eqv,该阶段包裹体均一温度集中于260℃~360℃;石英-多金属硫化物阶段流体包裹体主要以气液两相为主,包裹体均一温度集中于200℃~260℃,盐度集中在6%NaCI.eqv~10%NaCI.eqv。成矿流体由中高温、中-低盐度、富CO_2的流体向中低温、低盐度、低CO_2流体演化。沸腾流体包裹体组合的存在暗示了成矿流体的沸腾作用,可能由于压力急剧降低而形成。通过等容线相交法获得沸腾包裹体组合捕获时的压力为84MPa~120 MPa之间,成矿深度估算为3.2km~4.5km。总体上,成矿流体由中高温、中-低盐度、富CO_2的流体向中低温、低盐度、低CO_2流体演化。该矿床形成于东昆仑造山带印支晚期后碰撞环境,成矿花岗闪长斑岩体主要源自下地壳的部分熔融,金属Mo主要来源于下地壳底部,部分萃取于上部地壳,成矿流体中含CO_2组分是大陆环境含Mo岩浆系统的普遍特征。
Halongxiuma Mo deposit in the eastern section of East Kunlun Orogenic Belt is a medium-sized porphyry molybdenum deposit and the late Triassic granodiorite porphyry has close relation with mineralization.Studies of the quartz-molybdenite indicate that there are two types of fluid inclusion,gas-liquid two-phase type and CO_2-containing three-phase type.The salinity of the former type is in the range of 6~12 NaCl.Eqv and the latter type is 16%~20% NaCl.eqv with the homogenization temperature focused on the 260℃~360℃.The fluid inclusions in the quartzpolymetallic sulfide are mainly composed of two phase of gas and liquid and the homogenization temperature ranges from 200℃ to 260℃,salinity ranges from in 6% to 10% NaCl.eqv.The oreforming fluid is evolved from medium-high-temperature,medium-low-salinity,CO_2-rich to medium-low-temperature,low-salinity and low CO_2.Boiling fluid inclusion assemblage is formed by the sharply pressure reduction and captured when the pressure is between 84 MPa~120 MPa through isometric line intersection method with depth of 3.2 km to 4.5 km.It is considered that the deposit was formed in the post-collision environment during the Late Indosinian period,and the metallogenetic-related granodiorite porphyry was mainly derived from the partial melting of lower crust.Metal Mo mainly comes from the bottom of the lower crust,while part of it from the extraction in the upper crust.Ore-forming fluid containing CO_2 component is the common characteristics of the Mo magmatic system in the continental environment.
Halongxiuma Mo deposit in the eastern section of East Kunlun Orogenic Belt is a medium-sized porphyry molybdenum deposit and the late Triassic granodiorite porphyry has close relation with mineralization.Studies of the quartz-molybdenite indicate that there are two types of fluid inclusion,gas-liquid two-phase type and CO_2-containing three-phase type.The salinity of the former type is in the range of 6~12 NaCl.Eqv and the latter type is 16%~20% NaCl.eqv with the homogenization temperature focused on the 260℃~360℃.The fluid inclusions in the quartzpolymetallic sulfide are mainly composed of two phase of gas and liquid and the homogenization temperature ranges from 200℃ to 260℃,salinity ranges from in 6% to 10% NaCl.eqv.The oreforming fluid is evolved from medium-high-temperature,medium-low-salinity,CO_2-rich to medium-low-temperature,low-salinity and low CO_2.Boiling fluid inclusion assemblage is formed by the sharply pressure reduction and captured when the pressure is between 84 MPa~120 MPa through isometric line intersection method with depth of 3.2 km to 4.5 km.It is considered that the deposit was formed in the post-collision environment during the Late Indosinian period,and the metallogenetic-related granodiorite porphyry was mainly derived from the partial melting of lower crust.Metal Mo mainly comes from the bottom of the lower crust,while part of it from the extraction in the upper crust.Ore-forming fluid containing CO_2 component is the common characteristics of the Mo magmatic system in the continental environment.
引文
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[14]鲁海峰,杨延乾,何皎,等.东昆仑哈陇休玛钼(钨)矿床花岗闪长斑岩锆石U-Pb及辉钼矿Re-Os同位素定年及其地质意义[J].矿物岩石,2017,37(02):33-39.
[15]王富春,李彬,陈静,等.东昆仑拉陵灶火钼多金属矿床地质特征及辉钼矿Re-Os同位素定年[J].中国地质,2013,40(04):1 209-1 218.
[16]罗照华,柯珊,曹永清,等.东昆仑印支晚期幔源岩浆活动[J].地质通报,2002,21(6):292-297.
[17]莫宣学,罗照华,邓晋福,等.东昆仑造山带花岗岩及地壳生长[J].高校地质学报,2007,13(3):403-414.
[18]王秉璋,陈静,罗照华,等.东昆仑祁漫塔格东段印支期侵入岩岩石组合时空分布、构造环境的讨论[J].岩石学报,2014,30(11):3 213-3 228.
[19]侯增谦,杨志明.中国大陆环境斑岩型矿床:基本地质特征、岩浆热液系统和成矿概念模型[J].地质学报,2009,83(12):1 779-1 817.
[20]卢欣祥,于在平,冯有利,等.东秦岭深源浅成型花岗岩的成矿作用及地质构造背景[J].矿床地质,2002,21(2):168-178.
[21]张旗,金惟俊,王焰,等.花岗岩与金铜及钨锡成矿的关系[J].矿床地质,2010,29(5):729-759.
[22]李积清,陈静,史青瑞,等.东昆仑卡尔却卡矿区似斑状二长花岗岩成因:锆石U-Pb年龄及Sr-Nd同位素制约[J].矿物岩石,2016,36(3):87-95.
[23]陈静,谢智勇,李彬,等.东昆仑拉陵灶火钼多金属矿床含矿岩体地质地球化学特征及其成矿意义[J].地质与勘探,2013,49(5):813-824.
[24]向鹏.青海省加当根斑岩型铜(钼)矿床成矿特征及成矿条件研究[D].中国地质大学(武汉),硕士学位论文.2011:1-100.
[25]张旗,金惟俊,李承东,等.岩浆热场:它的基本特征及其与地热场的区别[J].岩石学报,2014,30(2):341-349.
[26]陈衍景,李诺.大陆内部浆控高温热液矿床成矿流体性质及其与岛弧区同类矿床的差异[J].岩石学报,2009,25(10):2 477-2 508.
[27]李诺,陈衍景,赖勇,等.内蒙古乌奴格吐山斑岩铜钼矿床流体包裹体研究[J].岩石学报,23(9):2177-2188.
[28]李诺,陈衍景,倪智勇,等.河南省蒿县鱼池岭斑岩钼矿床成矿流体特征及其地质意义[J].岩石学报,2009,25(10):2 509-2 522.
[29]马顺清,陈静.东昆仑拉陵灶火地区斑岩型钼矿成矿流体特征[J].矿物岩石,2014,34(3):23-29.
(1)青海省地质调查院.青海省都兰县察汗乌苏河地区六幅1∶5×104区域矿产地质、水系沉积物地球化学及磁法测量综合调查报告[R],2008.
[2]青海省地质矿产局.青海省区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社,1991,1-662.
[3]赵维孝,解安炳.青海哈陇休玛斑岩型钼矿地质特征及成因探讨[J].能源与节能,2013,12:106-108.
[4]许庆林.青海东昆仑造山带斑岩型矿床成矿作用研究[D].吉林大学,博士学位论文,2014:85-90.
[5]Hall D L,Sterner S M,Bodnar R J.Freezing point depression of NaCl-KCl-H2O solutions[J].Econ Geol,1988,83:197-202.
[6]刘斌,段光贤.NaCl-H2O溶液包裹体的密度式和等容式及其应用[J].矿物学报,1987,7(4):345-352.
[7]Collins P L F.Gas hydrates in CO2-bearing fluid inclusions and use freezing data for estimation of salinity[J].Econ Geol,1979,74:1 435-1 444.
[8]Touret J,Bottinga Y.Equation d′état pour le CO2:application aux inclusions carboniques[J].Bull Mineral,1979,102(5-6):577-583.
[9]Sheppard S M F,Taylor H P.Hydrogen and oxygen isotope evidence for the origins of water in the Boulder batholith and the Butte ore deposits,Montana[J].Economic Geology,1974,69(6):926-946.
[10]Ramboz C,Pichavant M and Weisbrod A.Fluid immiscibility in natural processes:Use and misuse:Ⅱ.Interpretation of fluid inclusion data in terms of immiscibility[J].Chem Geol,1982,37:29-48.
[11]Westra G and Keith S B.Classification and genesis of stockwork molybdenum deposits[J].Econ Geol,1981,76:844-873.
[12]孙丰月,金巍,李碧乐,等.关于脉状热液金矿床成矿深度的思考[J].长春科技大学学报,2000,30(增刊):27-30.
[13]Hedenquist J,Arribas A.,and Reynolds J.Evolution of an intrusion centered hydrothermal system:Far Southeast-Lepanto porphyry and epithermal Cu-Au deposits,Philippines[J].Economic Geology,1998,v.93,p.373-404.
[14]鲁海峰,杨延乾,何皎,等.东昆仑哈陇休玛钼(钨)矿床花岗闪长斑岩锆石U-Pb及辉钼矿Re-Os同位素定年及其地质意义[J].矿物岩石,2017,37(02):33-39.
[15]王富春,李彬,陈静,等.东昆仑拉陵灶火钼多金属矿床地质特征及辉钼矿Re-Os同位素定年[J].中国地质,2013,40(04):1 209-1 218.
[16]罗照华,柯珊,曹永清,等.东昆仑印支晚期幔源岩浆活动[J].地质通报,2002,21(6):292-297.
[17]莫宣学,罗照华,邓晋福,等.东昆仑造山带花岗岩及地壳生长[J].高校地质学报,2007,13(3):403-414.
[18]王秉璋,陈静,罗照华,等.东昆仑祁漫塔格东段印支期侵入岩岩石组合时空分布、构造环境的讨论[J].岩石学报,2014,30(11):3 213-3 228.
[19]侯增谦,杨志明.中国大陆环境斑岩型矿床:基本地质特征、岩浆热液系统和成矿概念模型[J].地质学报,2009,83(12):1 779-1 817.
[20]卢欣祥,于在平,冯有利,等.东秦岭深源浅成型花岗岩的成矿作用及地质构造背景[J].矿床地质,2002,21(2):168-178.
[21]张旗,金惟俊,王焰,等.花岗岩与金铜及钨锡成矿的关系[J].矿床地质,2010,29(5):729-759.
[22]李积清,陈静,史青瑞,等.东昆仑卡尔却卡矿区似斑状二长花岗岩成因:锆石U-Pb年龄及Sr-Nd同位素制约[J].矿物岩石,2016,36(3):87-95.
[23]陈静,谢智勇,李彬,等.东昆仑拉陵灶火钼多金属矿床含矿岩体地质地球化学特征及其成矿意义[J].地质与勘探,2013,49(5):813-824.
[24]向鹏.青海省加当根斑岩型铜(钼)矿床成矿特征及成矿条件研究[D].中国地质大学(武汉),硕士学位论文.2011:1-100.
[25]张旗,金惟俊,李承东,等.岩浆热场:它的基本特征及其与地热场的区别[J].岩石学报,2014,30(2):341-349.
[26]陈衍景,李诺.大陆内部浆控高温热液矿床成矿流体性质及其与岛弧区同类矿床的差异[J].岩石学报,2009,25(10):2 477-2 508.
[27]李诺,陈衍景,赖勇,等.内蒙古乌奴格吐山斑岩铜钼矿床流体包裹体研究[J].岩石学报,23(9):2177-2188.
[28]李诺,陈衍景,倪智勇,等.河南省蒿县鱼池岭斑岩钼矿床成矿流体特征及其地质意义[J].岩石学报,2009,25(10):2 509-2 522.
[29]马顺清,陈静.东昆仑拉陵灶火地区斑岩型钼矿成矿流体特征[J].矿物岩石,2014,34(3):23-29.
(1)青海省地质调查院.青海省都兰县察汗乌苏河地区六幅1∶5×104区域矿产地质、水系沉积物地球化学及磁法测量综合调查报告[R],2008.