低强度间歇超声处理对水稻秸秆厌氧发酵的影响
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摘要
为了探索超声处理对水稻秸秆厌氧发酵的影响机理,通过研究超声处理强度和单次超声处理时间对厌氧微生物生长发育、可溶物溶出度的影响规律,初步确定了超声波声强、单次超声处理时间的有效范围。利用正交试验分析了超声处理强度、作用时间和时间间隔对秸秆厌氧发酵产气量及沼气中CH_4含量的影响规律。结果表明:在1.2 W/cm~2的声强以下,增加超声波声强可促进厌氧微生物的生长发育;0.8 W/cm~2声强处理15 min以内对提高生物量的效果较好,但长时间的超声处理会抑制细菌的生长;0.8 W/cm~2、30 min的超声处理,秸秆的溶出率可提高13.5%;超声处理强度1.0 W/cm~2、单次超声处理时间15 min、超声处理时间间隔50 min的超声处理使产气高峰提前4～5 d,同时总产气量可提高24.48%,CH_4产量提高25.92%。超声处理可促进厌氧菌的生长、加速秸秆养分的溶出以及改善发酵液的传质作用,从而提高产气效率。研究结果能为超声波在沼气厌氧发酵中的应用提供参考。
In order to explore the influencing mechanism of ultrasonic treatment on anaerobic fermentation of straw, the study investigated the effects of ultrasound treatment intensity and single ultrasound treatment time on the growth of anaerobic microorganisms and dissolution of soluble substances, initially determining the valid range of ultrasound intensity and single ultrasound treatment time. Orthogonal experiment was employed to evaluate the effects of ultrasound treatment intensity, action time and time interval on biogas yield and CH_4 content in biogas obtained from anaerobic fermentation of straw. It is found that the growth of anaerobic microorganisms could be promoted by increasing the sound intensity of ultrasound under 1.2 W/cm~2. The growth of bacteria could be promoted by ultrasound treatment at the sound intensity of 0.8 W/cm~2 for 15 minutes whereas it could be inhibited at a long-term ultrasound treatment. Ultrasound treatment at the sound intensity of 0.8 W/cm~2 for 30 min. could increase the straw dissolution rate by 13.5%. Ultrasound treatment at 1.0 W/cm~2 for 15 minutes each time at the interval of 50 minutes could bring forward the gas production peak by 4-5 days. Meanwhile, it could also boost the total gas yield and CH_4 production by 24.48% and 25.92%, respectively. Overall, ultrasound treatment can improve the gas production efficiency by promoting the growth of anaerobic bacteria, accelerating the nutrient dissolution from straw and improving the mass transfer of fermentation broth. The results can provide reference for application of ultrasound to anaerobic fermentation of biogas.
In order to explore the influencing mechanism of ultrasonic treatment on anaerobic fermentation of straw, the study investigated the effects of ultrasound treatment intensity and single ultrasound treatment time on the growth of anaerobic microorganisms and dissolution of soluble substances, initially determining the valid range of ultrasound intensity and single ultrasound treatment time. Orthogonal experiment was employed to evaluate the effects of ultrasound treatment intensity, action time and time interval on biogas yield and CH_4 content in biogas obtained from anaerobic fermentation of straw. It is found that the growth of anaerobic microorganisms could be promoted by increasing the sound intensity of ultrasound under 1.2 W/cm~2. The growth of bacteria could be promoted by ultrasound treatment at the sound intensity of 0.8 W/cm~2 for 15 minutes whereas it could be inhibited at a long-term ultrasound treatment. Ultrasound treatment at the sound intensity of 0.8 W/cm~2 for 30 min. could increase the straw dissolution rate by 13.5%. Ultrasound treatment at 1.0 W/cm~2 for 15 minutes each time at the interval of 50 minutes could bring forward the gas production peak by 4-5 days. Meanwhile, it could also boost the total gas yield and CH_4 production by 24.48% and 25.92%, respectively. Overall, ultrasound treatment can improve the gas production efficiency by promoting the growth of anaerobic bacteria, accelerating the nutrient dissolution from straw and improving the mass transfer of fermentation broth. The results can provide reference for application of ultrasound to anaerobic fermentation of biogas.
引文
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[3] 朱德艳,施俏春,王劲松,等.超声辅助处理乳酸菌发酵制备米糠酵素的研究[J].中国酿造,2018,37(10):116.
[4] 熊锋.低强度超声波对酿酒酵母增殖和发酵效率影响的研究[D].镇江:江苏大学,2017.
[5] 邹书珍,康迪.超声波预处理对牛粪与玉米秸秆混合厌氧发酵特性的影响[J].环境科学学报,2018,38(7):2696.
[6] 赵楠,薛胜荣,杨改河,等.超声联合NaOH预处理小麦秸秆与猪粪混合厌氧发酵特性[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2019,47(9):44.
[7] 陈岩.超声波预处理与搅拌强度对秸秆发酵产沼气的影响[D].沈阳:沈阳航空航天大学,2013.
[8] 杨朝勇,王琨,张伟贤,等.牛粪与超声预处理污泥中温混合厌氧消化效果[J].中国沼气,2017,35(3):22.
[9] 辛岳凤,陈娟,董翠英.双频超声联合稀碱预处理玉米秸秆厌氧发酵工艺参数优化[J].北京化工大学学报(自然科学版),2016,43(4):1.
[10] 解竞,段旭,冯雷雨,等.温度对超声波与碱促进污泥厌氧产酸的影响[J].环境科学与技术,2018,41(4):139.
[11] 王芬,刘亚飞,王拓,等.超声破解与发酵温度对剩余污泥产酸与组成的影响[J].环境工程学报,2016,10(10):5867.
[12] 孙悦,夏蓉,陶汇源,等.超声波促进巴氏醋杆菌发酵生长的研究[J].中国酿造,2018,37(8):45.
[13] HUANG G,TANG Y,SUN L,et al.Ultrasonic irradiation of low intensity with a mode of sweeping frequency enhances the membrane permeability and cell growth rate of Candida tropicalis[J].Ultrason Sonochem,2017,37:518.
[14] 孙庆瑶,梅翔,蔡威,等.剩余污泥超声预处理后水解酸化特性[J].环境工程学报,2010,4(10):2359.
[15] 梅翔,陈颖,张涛,等.超声处理与碱性调节的组合强化低挥发分城市污泥水解酸化[J].环境工程学报,2012,6(8):2798.
[16] 何烨,庞丽娜,杨平.污泥发酵产酸强化技术研究及应用进展[J].环境科学与技术,2017,40(4):56.