单手交互中手持设备正面和背面手势输入的对比研究
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摘要
针对单手手持设备交互,对比了在设备正面进行手势输入(单手拇指方式)和在背面进行手势输入(单手食指方式)的表现异同。通过5种手势特征(绘制时间、手势尺寸比、闭合手势起点与终点的距离、形状距离、绘制手势与目标手势之间的指示角之差)对实验数据进行分析,结果表明正面拇指比背面食指输入手势要快而且准确。但在某些特征细节上,例如闭合手势起点与终点的距离和指示角差特征,表现相当。手势的输入方式(正面拇指与背面食指输入)与手势复杂度和目标手势尺寸在若干特征上(如绘制时间)有交互效应。这些研究结果为手持设备背面手势交互设计提供了相关指导。
In order to understand the performance of back-of-device gesture interaction,this paper focused on one-handed input with mobile devices and investigated the differences and similarities between front-of-device gesture input(one-handed thumb)and back-of-device gesture input(one-handed index finger).The recorded data were analyzed according to five gesture features(e.g.time and shape distance).Results show that thumb gesture input on the front was faster and more accurate than index finger gesture input on the back.But they were similar in some local shape features such as indicative angle difference and distance between start point and end point of closed gestures.The gesture input style(thumb gesturing on the front and index finger gesturing on the back of a device)had interaction effects with gesture complexity and target gesture sizes.The results provide guidance on back-of-device gesture design.
In order to understand the performance of back-of-device gesture interaction,this paper focused on one-handed input with mobile devices and investigated the differences and similarities between front-of-device gesture input(one-handed thumb)and back-of-device gesture input(one-handed index finger).The recorded data were analyzed according to five gesture features(e.g.time and shape distance).Results show that thumb gesture input on the front was faster and more accurate than index finger gesture input on the back.But they were similar in some local shape features such as indicative angle difference and distance between start point and end point of closed gestures.The gesture input style(thumb gesturing on the front and index finger gesturing on the back of a device)had interaction effects with gesture complexity and target gesture sizes.The results provide guidance on back-of-device gesture design.
引文
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[2]ZHAI S,KRISTENSSON P O,APPERT C.Foundational issues in touch-surface stroke gesture design[J].Foundations and Trends in Human-computer Interaction,2012,5(2):97-205.
[3]BAUDISCH P,CHU G.Back-of-device interaction allows creating very small touch devices[C]∥ACM CHI 2009,Boston.2009:1923-1932.
[4]DE LUCA A,VON ZEZSCHWITZ E,HU,et al.Back-of-device authentication on smartphones[C]∥ACM CHI,Paris.2013:2389-2398.
[5]LI K A,BAUDISCH P,HINCKLEY K.Blindsight:eyes-free access to mobile phones[C]∥ACM CHI,Florence.2008:1389-1398.
[6]SUGIMOTO M,HIROKI K.HybridTouch:an intuitive manipulation technique for PDAs using their front and rear surfaces[C]∥ACM MobileHCI,[S.l.]:ACM.2006:137-140.
[7]WOBBROCK J O,WILSON A D,LI Y.Gestures without libraries,toolkits or training:a$1recognizer for user interface prototypes[C]∥ACM UIST,[S.l.]:ACM.2007:159-168.
[8]WIGDOR D,FORLINES C,BAUDISCH P.Lucid touch:a see-through mobile device[C]∥ACM UIST,[S.l.]:ACM.2007:269-278.
[9]YANG XD,MAK E,IRANI P,et al.Dual-surface input:augmenting one-handed interaction with coordinated front and behind-the-screen input[C]∥ACM MobileHCI,[S.l.]:ACM.2009:1-10.
[10]WOBBROCK J O,MYERS B A,AUNG H H.The performance of hand postures in front-and back-of-device interaction for mobile computing[J].International Journal of Human-Computer Studies,2008,66(12):857-875.
[11]BI XJ,CHELBA C,OUYANG T,et al.Bimanual gesture keyboard[C]∥ACM UIST,[S.l.]:ACM.2012:137-146.
[12]FUCCELLA V,ISOKOSKI P,MARTIN B.Gestures and widgets:performance in text editing on multi-touch capable mobile devices[C]∥ACM CHI,[S.l.]:ACM.2013:2785-2794.
[13]LI Y.Gesture search:a tool for fast mobile data access[J].ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology,2010:87-96.
[14]MORRIS M R,HUANG A,PAEPCKE A,et al.Cooperative gestures:multi-user gestural interactions for co-located groupware[C]∥ACM CHI,[S.l.]:ACM.2006:1201-1210.
[15]ISOKOSKI P.Model for unistroke writing time[C]∥ACM CHI,[S.l.]:ACM.2001:357-364.
[16]CAO X,ZHAI S.Modeling human performance of pen stroke gestures[C]∥ACM CHI,[S.l.]:ACM.2006:1495-1504.
[17]ANTHONY L,VATAVU R D,WOBBROCK J O.Understanding the consistency of users'pen and finger stroke gesture articulation[J].Graphics Interface,2013:87-94.
[18]ANDERSEN T H,ZHAI S."Writing with music":Exploring the use of auditory feedback in gesture interfaces[C]∥ACM Trans on Applied Perception,[S.l.]:ACM.2010(3):
[19]BRAGDON A,NELSON E,LI Y,et al.Experimental analysis of touch-screen gesture designs in mobile environments[C]∥ACM CHI,[S.l.]:ACM.2011:403-412.
[20]TU H W,REN X S.Optimal entry size of handwritten Chinese characters in touch-based mobile phones[J].International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction,2012,29(1):1-12.
[21]REN X S,ZHOU X L.The optimal size of handwriting character input boxes on PDAs[J].International Journal of HumanComputer Interaction,2009,25(8):762-784.
[22]TU H W,REN X S,ZHAI S.Differences and similarities between finger and pen stroke gestures on stationary and mobile devices[J].ACM Trans on Computer-Human Interaction,2015,22(5):1-39.
[23]BLAGOJEVIC R,CHANG H H,PLIMMER B.The power of automatic feature selection:Rubine on steroids[J].Sketch Based Interfaces and Modeling,2010:79-86.
[24]RUBINE D.Specifying gestures by example[J].ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics,1991,25(4):329-337.
[25]WOBBROCK J O,WILSON A D,LI Y.Gestures without libraries,toolkits or training:a$1recognizer for user interface prototypes[C]∥ACM UIST,[S.l.]:ACM.2007:159-168.
[26]TU H W,REN X S,ZHAI S.Differences and similarities between finger and pen stroke gestures on stationary and mobile devices[J].ACM Trans on Computer-Human Interaction,2015,22(5):1-39.
[27]KURTENBACH G P,SELLEN A J,BUXTON W A S.An empirical evaluation of some articulatory and cognitive aspects of marking menus[J].Human-Computer Interaction,1993,8(1):1-23.