综放沿空动压巷道锚网索耦合支护研究
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摘要
为合理设计综放沿空动压巷道支护参数,以恒昇煤矿9102工作面沿空运输巷为例,用钻孔窥视仪和多点位移计观测巷道围岩裂隙发育状况和变形特征;用FLAC3D软件模拟锚杆锚索采用不同支护参数时围岩支护应力场分布特征,定义压应力区耦合系数评价锚杆锚索耦合性能,在此基础上优化支护参数,并模拟对比采用原有支护与优化支护时围岩偏应力及位移分布特征;开展现场试验。结果表明:减小锚索间距、增加锚索长度和锚索预紧力能使预应力锚杆和锚索在围岩内形成有效连续的压应力集中区;当压应力区耦合系数大于1. 4时,应力集中区高度超过顶煤厚度;当锚索长度为8 m时,锚索锚固段所在岩层偏应力较低,锚网索支护系统的可靠性较强;支护参数优化后,顶板离层与围岩大变形基本得到控制,能够保证沿空巷道的安全。
In order to reasonably design supporting parameters of the fully-mechanized caving roadway along gob subject to dynamic pressure,the gob-side transportation entry of 9102 working face of Hengsheng colliery was taken as an example,the fracture development and deformation characteristics of roadway were observed by using borehole peeper and multi-point displacement meter. FLAC3 Dwas used to simulate the distribution characteristics of support stress field in surrounding rock when the roadway adopted different supporting parameters of bolts and cables,and the coupling coefficient of compressive stress zone is defined to evaluate the coupling performance of bolts and cables. On this basis,the support parameters were optimized,and FLAC3 Dwas used to simulate and compare the deviatoric stress and displacement distribution characteristics of surrounding rock when using the original and optimizing supporting schemes,then field tests were carried out. The results show that reducing the spacing between cables,increasing the length and pretension of the cable can form an effective and continuous compressive stress concentration area in the surrounding rock,that when the coupling coefficient of the compressive stress area is greater than 1. 4,the height of compressive stress concentration area is higher than the thickness of top coal,that when the length of the cable is 8 m,the stratum,in which the anchoring section of the cable is located,has low deviatoric stress,which improves the reliability of the bolt-net-anchor coupling supporting system,and that both the roof abscission layer and large deformation of surrounding rock can be controlled basically when the support parameters are optimized,which guarantees the safety of gob-side entry.
In order to reasonably design supporting parameters of the fully-mechanized caving roadway along gob subject to dynamic pressure,the gob-side transportation entry of 9102 working face of Hengsheng colliery was taken as an example,the fracture development and deformation characteristics of roadway were observed by using borehole peeper and multi-point displacement meter. FLAC3 Dwas used to simulate the distribution characteristics of support stress field in surrounding rock when the roadway adopted different supporting parameters of bolts and cables,and the coupling coefficient of compressive stress zone is defined to evaluate the coupling performance of bolts and cables. On this basis,the support parameters were optimized,and FLAC3 Dwas used to simulate and compare the deviatoric stress and displacement distribution characteristics of surrounding rock when using the original and optimizing supporting schemes,then field tests were carried out. The results show that reducing the spacing between cables,increasing the length and pretension of the cable can form an effective and continuous compressive stress concentration area in the surrounding rock,that when the coupling coefficient of the compressive stress area is greater than 1. 4,the height of compressive stress concentration area is higher than the thickness of top coal,that when the length of the cable is 8 m,the stratum,in which the anchoring section of the cable is located,has low deviatoric stress,which improves the reliability of the bolt-net-anchor coupling supporting system,and that both the roof abscission layer and large deformation of surrounding rock can be controlled basically when the support parameters are optimized,which guarantees the safety of gob-side entry.
引文
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[9]王晓卿,康红普,赵科,等.黏结刚度对预应力锚杆支护效用的数值分析[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(12):2 999-3 007.WANG Xiaoqing,KANG Hongpu,ZHAO Ke,et al.Numerical analysis of bonding stiffness for support effectiveness of pre-stressed bolts[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(12):2 999-3 007.
[10]林健,石垚,孙志勇,等.端部锚固锚杆预应力场分布特征的大型模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(11):2 237-2 247.LIN Jian,SHI Yao,SUN Zhiyong,et al.Large scale model test on the distribution characteristics of the prestressed field of end-anchored bolts[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(11):2 237-2 247.
[11]董方庭,宋宏伟,郭志宏,等.巷道围岩松动圈支护理论[J].煤炭学报,1994,19(1):21-32.DONG Fangting,SONG Hongwei,GUO Zhihong,et al.Roadway support theory based on broken rock zone[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1994,19(1):21-32.
[12]侯朝炯,勾攀峰.巷道锚杆支护围岩强度强化机理研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(3):342-345.HOU Chaojiong,GOU Panfeng.Mechanism study of strength enhancement for the rocks surrounding roadway supported by bolt[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2000,19(3):342-345.
[13]康红普,王金华,林健.煤矿巷道支护技术的研究与应用[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(11):1 809-1 814.KANG Hongpu,WANG Jinhua,LIN Jian.Study and applications of roadway support techniques for coal mines[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(11):1 809-1 814.
[14]刘红岗,贺永年,韩立军,等.大松动圈围岩锚注与预应力锚索联合支护技术的机理与实践[J].中国矿业,2007,16(1):62-65.LIU Honggang,HE Yongnian,HAN Lijun,et al.Study and application of supporting mechanism of combined support of bolting-grouting and prestressed cable anchor in large broken zone surrounding rock[J].China Mining Magazine,2007,16(1):62-65.
[15]马振乾,姜耀东,宋红华,等.构造破碎区沿空掘巷偏应力分布特征与控制技术[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2017,34(1):24-31.MA Zhenqian,JIANG Yaodong,SONG Honghua,et al.Distribution characteristics of deviatoric stress and control technology of gob-side entry driving in structure fracture zone[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2017,34(1):24-31.
[16]褚晓威.小孔径预应力锚索预应力损失机理及试验研究[D].北京:煤炭科学研究总院,2010.CHU Xiaowei.Study on prestress loss mechanism and experiments of small borehole prestressed cable[D].Beijing:China Coal Research Institute,2010.
[2]柏建彪,侯朝炯,黄汉富.沿空掘巷窄煤柱稳定性数值模拟研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(20):3 475-3 479.BAI Jianbiao,HOU Chaojiong,HUANG Hanfu.Numerical simulation study on stability of narrow coal pillar of roadway driving along goaf[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(20):3 475-3 479.
[3]张农,李学华,高明仕.迎采动工作面沿空掘巷预拉力支护及工程应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(12):2 100-2 105.ZHANG Nong,LI Xuehua,GAO Mingshi.Pretension support of roadway driven along next gob and heading adjacent advancing coal face and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(12):2 100-2 105.
[4]康红普,王金华,林健.煤矿巷道锚杆支护应用实例分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(4):649-664.KANG Hongpu,WANG Jinhua,LIN Jian.Case studies of rock bolting in coal mine roadways[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(4):649-664.
[5]张源,万志军,李付臣,等.不稳定覆岩下沿空掘巷围岩大变形机理[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2012,29(4):451-458.ZHANG Yuan,WAN Zhijun,LI Fuchen,et al.Large deformation mechanism of roadway driving along goaf under unstable overlying rock strata[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2012,29(4):451-458.
[6]张镇,康红普,王金华.煤巷锚杆-锚索支护的预应力协调作用分析[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(6):881-886.ZHANG Zhen,KANG Hongpu,WANG Jinhua.Pre-tensioned stress coordination function analysis of bolt-cable anchor support in coal roadway[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(6):881-886.
[7]马振乾,姜耀东,左宇军,等.特厚泥质顶板巷道锚杆支护关键参数识别与应用[J].中国安全科学学报,2017,27(7):121-126.MA Zhenqian,JIANG Yaodong,ZUO Yujun,et al.Identification and application of key parameters of bolt support for roadways with extra-thick mudstone roof[J].China Safety Science Journal,2017,27(7):121-126.
[8]王金华,康红普,高富强.锚索支护传力机制与应力分布的数值模拟[J].煤炭学报,2008,33(1):1-6.WANG Jinhua,KANG Hongpu,GAO Fuqiang.Numerical simulation on load-transfer mechanisms and stress distribution characteristics of cable bolts[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2008,33(1):1-6.
[9]王晓卿,康红普,赵科,等.黏结刚度对预应力锚杆支护效用的数值分析[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(12):2 999-3 007.WANG Xiaoqing,KANG Hongpu,ZHAO Ke,et al.Numerical analysis of bonding stiffness for support effectiveness of pre-stressed bolts[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(12):2 999-3 007.
[10]林健,石垚,孙志勇,等.端部锚固锚杆预应力场分布特征的大型模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(11):2 237-2 247.LIN Jian,SHI Yao,SUN Zhiyong,et al.Large scale model test on the distribution characteristics of the prestressed field of end-anchored bolts[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(11):2 237-2 247.
[11]董方庭,宋宏伟,郭志宏,等.巷道围岩松动圈支护理论[J].煤炭学报,1994,19(1):21-32.DONG Fangting,SONG Hongwei,GUO Zhihong,et al.Roadway support theory based on broken rock zone[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1994,19(1):21-32.
[12]侯朝炯,勾攀峰.巷道锚杆支护围岩强度强化机理研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(3):342-345.HOU Chaojiong,GOU Panfeng.Mechanism study of strength enhancement for the rocks surrounding roadway supported by bolt[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2000,19(3):342-345.
[13]康红普,王金华,林健.煤矿巷道支护技术的研究与应用[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(11):1 809-1 814.KANG Hongpu,WANG Jinhua,LIN Jian.Study and applications of roadway support techniques for coal mines[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2010,35(11):1 809-1 814.
[14]刘红岗,贺永年,韩立军,等.大松动圈围岩锚注与预应力锚索联合支护技术的机理与实践[J].中国矿业,2007,16(1):62-65.LIU Honggang,HE Yongnian,HAN Lijun,et al.Study and application of supporting mechanism of combined support of bolting-grouting and prestressed cable anchor in large broken zone surrounding rock[J].China Mining Magazine,2007,16(1):62-65.
[15]马振乾,姜耀东,宋红华,等.构造破碎区沿空掘巷偏应力分布特征与控制技术[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2017,34(1):24-31.MA Zhenqian,JIANG Yaodong,SONG Honghua,et al.Distribution characteristics of deviatoric stress and control technology of gob-side entry driving in structure fracture zone[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2017,34(1):24-31.
[16]褚晓威.小孔径预应力锚索预应力损失机理及试验研究[D].北京:煤炭科学研究总院,2010.CHU Xiaowei.Study on prestress loss mechanism and experiments of small borehole prestressed cable[D].Beijing:China Coal Research Institute,2010.