小麦无垄栽培均匀种植技术的节水效果研究
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摘要
为提高麦田水分利用效率,实现农艺节水,试验对小麦无垄栽培均匀种植和传统条播2种种植方式麦田的水分利用情况进行监测,苏正研发基地无垄联合耕播机示范区的试验结果表明,与小麦传统条播相比较,小麦无垄栽培水分利用效率提高了24.19%,产量增加了14.23%;吴桥试验站蒸渗仪试验结果表明,小麦无垄栽培全生育期耗水量较传统条播减少了1.49%,亦具有节水效果;通过对2种种植方式投入情况的调查,结果显示,小麦无垄栽培均匀种植技术与传统条播相比可节支712.5元·hm-2。综合说明,小麦无垄栽培均匀种植技术是北方干旱地区一种适宜的种植方式。
The experiment was conducted to improve the water use efficiency and achieve agricultural water conservation in the wheat field, the water use indices of two kinds of planting methods including the uniform planting without ridges and the traditional sowing were monitored. The results of the demonstration area of the no-ridge joint cultivator in Suzheng's research and development base showed that, compared with the traditional sowing method, the water use efficiency and the yield of wheat without ridge increased by24.19 % and 14.23 %, respectively. The results of the evaporator test at Wuqiao test station showed that the total water consumption during the whole growth period of wheat without ridge cultivation decreased by 1.49 % compared with the traditional strip sowing, indicating that the uniform planting without ridges had water-saving effect. According to the input investigation of the two planting methods, the results showed that the uniform planting technology of ridgeless cultivation of wheat could save 712.5 RMB· hm-2 compared with traditional strip sowing. In conclusion, the uniform planting technique of wheat without ridge could be a suitable planting method in arid areas of north China.
The experiment was conducted to improve the water use efficiency and achieve agricultural water conservation in the wheat field, the water use indices of two kinds of planting methods including the uniform planting without ridges and the traditional sowing were monitored. The results of the demonstration area of the no-ridge joint cultivator in Suzheng's research and development base showed that, compared with the traditional sowing method, the water use efficiency and the yield of wheat without ridge increased by24.19 % and 14.23 %, respectively. The results of the evaporator test at Wuqiao test station showed that the total water consumption during the whole growth period of wheat without ridge cultivation decreased by 1.49 % compared with the traditional strip sowing, indicating that the uniform planting without ridges had water-saving effect. According to the input investigation of the two planting methods, the results showed that the uniform planting technology of ridgeless cultivation of wheat could save 712.5 RMB· hm-2 compared with traditional strip sowing. In conclusion, the uniform planting technique of wheat without ridge could be a suitable planting method in arid areas of north China.
引文
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[13]马忠明,张立勤,吕晓东,等.干旱灌区固定道耕作对土壤水热效应及春小麦产量的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2015,35(7):988-994.
[2]赵广才,郝德有,常旭虹,等.小麦立体匀播技术[J].农业科技通讯,2015(7):184-186.
[3]郝德有,庞昭进.小麦无垄栽培均匀种植方式研究[J].西南农业学报,2017(S1):17-22.
[4]乔蕊清,卫云宗,刘新月,等.冬小麦撒播简化高产栽培技术的研究与应用[J].小麦研究,2001,21(2):15-17.
[5]王志强,李会,徐心志,等.氮肥水平对限制灌溉下冬小麦旗叶光合性能及产量的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2015,35(6):806-812.
[6]王宇明.小麦辣椒间套作最优配置方式及非充分灌溉试验研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2010.
[7]张胜全.低密度条件下杂交小麦节水性能比较[J].安徽农业科学,2018,46(5):28-30.
[8]韩玉红,靳书坤.邯郸市小麦节水栽培技术模式探讨[J].河北农业科学,2012,16(11):18-19, 49.
[9]梁钰琪.河北平原冬小麦节水栽培技术发展及推广影响因素研究[D].保定:河北农业大学,2015.
[10]徐学欣,王东.微喷补灌对冬小麦旗叶衰老和光合特性及产量和水分利用效率的影响[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(14):2675-2686.
[11]张永平,张英华,黄琴,等.冬小麦节水栽培群体“穗叶比”及其与产量和水分利用的关系[J].生态学报,2013,33(12):3657-3667.
[12]宗洁,吕谋超,翟国亮,等.北方小麦节水灌溉技术及发展模式研究[J].节水灌溉,2014(7):69-71.
[13]马忠明,张立勤,吕晓东,等.干旱灌区固定道耕作对土壤水热效应及春小麦产量的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2015,35(7):988-994.