绿洲土壤Cd-Ni复合污染对油菜生长及吸收的影响
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摘要
以干旱区绿洲灰漠土为供试土壤,油菜(Brassica campestris L.)为供试蔬菜,采用盆栽试验及Tessier连续浸提形态分级方法,研究了Cd-Ni复合污染在干旱区绿洲土壤中的形态分布规律及其对油菜的生物有效性.结果表明,当土壤受外源Cd-Ni复合污染后,Cd、Ni的活性随着胁迫浓度的增加而增大.与对照相较,外源Cd-Ni复合胁迫后,Cd的主要赋存形态仍为碳酸盐结合态,而Ni的主要赋存形态由残渣态转化为铁锰氧化物结合态.Cd-Ni复合胁迫对油菜的生长表现为先促后抑;油菜各部位的Cd、Ni含量均随着Cd-Ni复合胁迫水平的升高而增加,Cd主要富集在油菜茎叶中,而Ni则主要富集在油菜根部.富集系数结果表明,油菜各部位Cd的富集系数均大于1,而Ni的富集系数均小于1;迁移系数结果表明,Cd的迁移系数大于Ni,Cd更易从土壤中进入油菜根部,并转运至茎叶,Ni的生物可利用性低于Cd.对油菜吸收Cd最重要的形态为碳酸盐结合态,根系和茎叶吸收Ni最重要的形态分别为有机结合态和可交换态.
Effects of Cd-Ni combined pollution to gray desert soil in the oasis region on the heavy metal speciation and bio-availability were investigated by pot experiment and Tessier sequential extraction procedure with cole(Brassica campestris L.). The results showed that the activities of Cd and Ni increased with the increase of stress concentration when the soil was contaminated by exogenous Cd-Ni. Compared with the controlled group,the main fraction of Cd was carbonate,whereas the main fraction of Ni changed from the residual form to Fe-Mn oxides. The growth of the cole under Cd-Ni combined stress was initially promoted and then inhibited. The contents of Cd and Ni in different parts of the cole increased with the increase of Cd-Ni combined stress. Cd was mainly concentrated in the stems and leaves of the cole,while Ni was mainly concentrated in the roots. The enrichment coefficient of Cd in each part of the cole was greater than 1,but the enrichment coefficient of Ni was not higher than 1,indicating that the accumulation capacity of the cole to Cdwas greater than Ni. The translocation coefficient of Cd was greater than Ni,which implied that Cd was more easily transferred from soil to the roots and transported to stems and leaves of the cole. The bioavailability of Ni was lower than Cd. The most important fraction of Cd uptake by the cole was the carbonate. The most important fractions of Ni uptake by roots,stems and leaves were organic and exchangeable,respectively.
Effects of Cd-Ni combined pollution to gray desert soil in the oasis region on the heavy metal speciation and bio-availability were investigated by pot experiment and Tessier sequential extraction procedure with cole(Brassica campestris L.). The results showed that the activities of Cd and Ni increased with the increase of stress concentration when the soil was contaminated by exogenous Cd-Ni. Compared with the controlled group,the main fraction of Cd was carbonate,whereas the main fraction of Ni changed from the residual form to Fe-Mn oxides. The growth of the cole under Cd-Ni combined stress was initially promoted and then inhibited. The contents of Cd and Ni in different parts of the cole increased with the increase of Cd-Ni combined stress. Cd was mainly concentrated in the stems and leaves of the cole,while Ni was mainly concentrated in the roots. The enrichment coefficient of Cd in each part of the cole was greater than 1,but the enrichment coefficient of Ni was not higher than 1,indicating that the accumulation capacity of the cole to Cdwas greater than Ni. The translocation coefficient of Cd was greater than Ni,which implied that Cd was more easily transferred from soil to the roots and transported to stems and leaves of the cole. The bioavailability of Ni was lower than Cd. The most important fraction of Cd uptake by the cole was the carbonate. The most important fractions of Ni uptake by roots,stems and leaves were organic and exchangeable,respectively.
引文
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[33]强维亚,陈拓,汤红官,等.Cd胁迫和增强UV-B辐射对大豆根系分泌物的影响[J].植物生态学报,2003,27(3):289-293.QIANG W Y,CHEN T,TANG H G,et al.Effect of Cadmium and enhanced UV-B radiation on soybean root excretion[J].Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,2003,27(3):289-293(in Chinese).
[34]张玲,王焕校.镉胁迫下小麦根系分泌物的变化生态学报[J].生态学报,2002,22(4):496-502.ZHANG L,WANG H X.Changes of root exudates to cadmium stress in wheat(Triticum aestivm L.)[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2002,22(4):496-502(in Chinese).
[35]赵转军,南忠仁,王兆炜,等.Cd、Zn复合污染菜地土壤中重金属形态分布与植物有效性[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2010,46(2):1-5.ZHAO Z J,NAN Z R,WANG Z W,et al.Form distribution and phytoavailability of heavy metals(Cd,Zn)in vegetable soil[J].Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences),2010,46(2):1-5(in Chinese).
[36]SAA A L,BBHAG A I,FAHM M A.Pb speciation in the sediments of the heavy polluted western harbor of Alexandr[J].Water,Air,and Soil Pollution,2004,4:375-384.
[37]MENCH M J,FARGUES S.Metal uptake by iron-efficient and inefficient oats[J].Plant and Soil,1994,165(2):227-233.
[2]KLUMPP G,FURLAN C M,DOMINGOS M,et al.Response of stress indicators and growth parameters of tibouchina pulchra cogn.exposed to air and soil pollution near the industrial complex of cubat2o,brazil[J].Science of the Total Environment,2000,246(1):79-91.
[3]CHEN H,TENG Y,LU S,et al.Contamination features and health risk of soil heavy metals in China[J].Science of the Total Environment,2015,512:143-153.
[4]WANG Z W,NAN Z R,ZHAO Z J,et al.Effects of Cadmium,Zinc and Nickel on celery growth and bioaccumulation of heavy metals in contaminated arid oasis soils[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2011,25(2):138-143.
[5]BOLAN N S,ADRIANO D C,CURTIN D.Soil acidification and liming interactions with nutrientand heavy metal transformationand bioavailability[J].Advances in Agronomy,2003,78:215-272.
[6]WU F B,ZHANG G P.Genotypic variation in kernel heavy metal concentrations in barley and as affected by soil factors[J].Journal of Plant Nutrtion,2002,25(6):1163-1173.
[7]VERMA P,GEORGE K V,SINGH H V,et a1.Modeling cadmium accumulation in radish,carrot,spinachand cabbage[J].Applied Mathematical Modelling,2007,31:1652-1661.
[8]JUNG M C,THORNTON I.Heavy metal contamination of soils and plants in the vicinity of alead-zinc mine[J].Korea Appl Geochem,1996,11(1-2):53-59.
[9]ROSSELLI W,KELLER C,BOSCHI K.Phytoextraetion capacity of trees growing on metal contaminated soil[J].Plant and Soil,2003,72:256-265.
[10]NAN Z R,LI J J,ZHANG J M,et al.Cadmium and Zinc interactions and their transfer in soil-crop system under actual field conditions[J].Science of the Total Environment,2002,285(1-3):187-195.
[11]王丹,魏威,梁东丽,等.土壤铜、铬(VI)复合污染重金属形态转化及其对生物有效性的影响[J].环境科学,2011,32(10):3113-3120.WANG D,WEI W,LIANG D L,et al.Transformation of copper and chromium in co-contaminated soil and its influence on bioavailability for pakchoi(Brassica chinensis)[J].Environmental Science,2011,32(10):3113-3120(in Chinese).
[12]MAHMOUDI E,ESSIDA N,BEYREM H,et al.Individual and combined effects of lead and zinc on a free-living marine nematode community:Results from microcosm experiments[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,2007,343(2):217-226.
[13]WU F B,ZHANG G P,YU J S.Interaction of cadmium and four microelement for uptake and translocation in different barley genotypes[J].Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis,2003,34(13-14):2003-2020.
[14]CHANG X X,ZHAO W Z,ZHANG Z H,et al.Sap flow and tree conductance of shelter-belt in arid region of China[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2006,138(1-4):132-141.
[15]ZHAO Z J,NAN Z R,WANG S L,et al.Experiments on speciation and bioavailability of selected heavy metals in arid oasis soil,northwest of China[J].Advances in Earth Sciences,2008,23(11):1194-1200.
[16]NAN Z R,ZHAO C Y.Heavy metal concentrations in gray calcareous soils of Baiyin region,Gansu Province,P.R.China[J].Water,Air,and Soil Pollution,2000,118(1-2):131-142.
[17]WANG S L,NAN Z R,LIU X W,et al.Accumulation and bioavailability of copper and nickel in wheat plants grown in contaminated soils from the oasis,northwest China[J].Geoderma,2009,152(3-4):290-295.
[18]中华人民共和国环境保护局.GB15618-1995土壤环境质量标准[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1995.Ministry of Environmental Protection of China.GB15618-1995 Environmental Quality Standard for Soils[S].Beijing:China Standards Press,1995(in Chinese).
[19]杨仲伟,朱晓霞,尤金刚.张掖绿洲农田土壤重金属污染潜在风险评价[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2015,50(3):138-142.YANG Z W,ZHU X X,You J G.Evaluation on potential risks of heavy metal pollution in farmland soil in Zhangye oasis[J].Journal of Gansu Agricultral University,2015,50(3):138-142(in Chinese).
[20]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,1999:147-211.Lu R K.Analytical Method of Soil Agricultural Chemistry[M].Beijing:Chinese Agriculture Science and Technology Press,1999:147-211(in Chinese).
[21]TESSIER A,CAMPBELL P G C,BISSION M.Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals[J].Analalytical Chemistry,1979,51(7):844-850.
[22]LI Y,ZHU L,WANG C.Adsorption of different chemical forms of Cd in soil by ryegrass[J].Journal of Agro-Environmental Science,2003,22(3):353-356.
[23]HAN F X,BANIN A,KINGERY W L.New approach to studies of heavy metal redistribution in soil[J].Advances in Environmental Research,2003,8(1):113-120.
[24]王友保,张莉,沈章军,等.铜尾矿库区土壤与植物中重金属形态分析[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(12):2418-2422.WANG Y B,ZHANG L,SHEN Z J,et al.Chemical forms of heavy metals in the soils and plants of copper tailings yard[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2005,16(12):2418-2422(in Chinese).
[25]SAHQUILLO A,López-Sánchez J F,RUBIL R,et al.Use of a certified reference material for extractable trace metals to assess sources of uncertainty in the BCR three-stage sequential extraction procedure[J].Analytica Chimica Acta,1999,382(3):317-327.
[26]李宇庆,陈玲,仇雁翎,等.上海化学工业区土壤重金属元素形态分析[J].生态环境,2004,13(2):154-155.LI Y Q,CHEN L,Chou Y L,et al.Speciation of heavy metals in soil from Shanghai Chemical Industry Park[J].Ecology and Environment,2004,13(2):154-155(in Chinese).
[27]朱波,青长乐,牟树森,等.紫色土外源镉、锌形态的生物有效性[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(5):555-558.ZHU B,QING C L,MU S S,et al.Bioavailability of exotic zinc and cadmium in purple soil[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2002,13(5):555-558(in Chinese).
[28]晋王强,南忠仁,刘晓文,等.金昌市郊农田土壤Cu、Zn、Ni形态分布特征与生物有效性评价[J].环境化学,2010,29(2):220-225.JIN W Q,NAN Z R,LIU X W,et al.Speciation and bioavailability assessment of Cu,Zn and Ni in agricultural soils from Jinchang,Gansu,China[J].Environmental Chemistry,2010,29(2):220-225(in Chinese).
[29]武文飞,南忠仁,王胜利,等.绿洲土Cd、Pb、Zn、Ni复合污染下重金属的形态特征和生物有效性[J].生态学报,2013,33(2):619-630.WU W F,NAN Z R,WANG S L,et al.Fractionation character and bioavailability of Cd,Pb,Zn and Ni combined pollution in oasis soil[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(2):619-630(in Chinese).
[30]LIU X,LIU S,TANG Z.The Relationship Between Cd and Pb forms and their availability to rape in major soils of Hebei Province[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2002,22(10):1688-1694.
[31]刘霞,刘树庆,唐兆宏.河北主要土壤中Cd、Pb形态与油菜有效性的关系[J].生态学报,2002,22(10):1688-1694.LIU X,LIU S Q,TANG Z H.The relationship between Cd and Pb forms and their availability to rape in major soils of Hebei province[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2002,22(10):1688-1694(in Chinese).
[32]CHEN Y J,TAO S,DENG B S,et al.Effect of root system on metal fractionation in rhizosphere of contaminated soil[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2001,38(1):54-59.
[33]强维亚,陈拓,汤红官,等.Cd胁迫和增强UV-B辐射对大豆根系分泌物的影响[J].植物生态学报,2003,27(3):289-293.QIANG W Y,CHEN T,TANG H G,et al.Effect of Cadmium and enhanced UV-B radiation on soybean root excretion[J].Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,2003,27(3):289-293(in Chinese).
[34]张玲,王焕校.镉胁迫下小麦根系分泌物的变化生态学报[J].生态学报,2002,22(4):496-502.ZHANG L,WANG H X.Changes of root exudates to cadmium stress in wheat(Triticum aestivm L.)[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2002,22(4):496-502(in Chinese).
[35]赵转军,南忠仁,王兆炜,等.Cd、Zn复合污染菜地土壤中重金属形态分布与植物有效性[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2010,46(2):1-5.ZHAO Z J,NAN Z R,WANG Z W,et al.Form distribution and phytoavailability of heavy metals(Cd,Zn)in vegetable soil[J].Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences),2010,46(2):1-5(in Chinese).
[36]SAA A L,BBHAG A I,FAHM M A.Pb speciation in the sediments of the heavy polluted western harbor of Alexandr[J].Water,Air,and Soil Pollution,2004,4:375-384.
[37]MENCH M J,FARGUES S.Metal uptake by iron-efficient and inefficient oats[J].Plant and Soil,1994,165(2):227-233.