桑黄多糖的药理作用及提取方法研究进展
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摘要
桑黄是我国珍贵的药用真菌,其药效成分有多糖类、黄酮类、三萜类、甾类、多酚类、吡喃酮类及生物碱等。其中多糖作为桑黄的重要有效成分,具有抗肿瘤、抗氧化、免疫调节、抗疲劳、护肝、降血糖及抗菌抗炎等广泛的药理作用,且无毒副作用,因此具有重要的研究价值。近些年,许多学者对桑黄多糖提取进行了大量的实验研究,结果表明溶剂浸提法、超声波提取法和盐提取法适用于批量工业生产,但溶剂浸提法资源耗费较大;相比而言,微波提取法和酶提取法更适合少量提取用于试验研究,其优点在于提取率高、操作便捷及杂质较少。结合国内外相关研究内容与成果,对桑黄多糖的药理作用及多糖提取技术进行归纳与总结,并对其发展前景进行了展望,旨为桑黄多糖的深入研究提供参考。
Phellinus igniarius is a precious medicinal fungus in China. Researches have shown that its medicinal ingredients include polysaccharides,flavonoids,triterpenoids,terpenoids,polyphenols,pyrones,alkaloids,and so on. Among them,polysaccharideis an important active ingredient of P. igniarius,and has broadly pharmacological effects such as anti-tumor,anti-oxidation,immuneregulation,anti-fatigue,liver protection,blood sugar lowering,antibacterial and anti-inflammatory,and has no toxic and side effects,thusit has important research value. In recent years,many scholars have carried out a large number of experimental studies on the extraction ofpolysaccharides from P. igniarius. The results show that the solvent extraction method,ultrasonic extraction method and salt extraction methodare suitable for mass industrial production,but the solvent extraction method consumes a large amount of resources. In terms of microwaveextraction and enzymatic extraction,it is more suitable for small-scale extraction for experimental research. Its advantages are high extractionrate,convenient operation and fewer impurities. Based on the related research contents and results at home and abroad,this paper summarizesthe pharmacological effects and polysaccharide extraction technology of polysaccharide of P. igniarius,and prospects its development trends,aiming at providing a reference for its further study.
Phellinus igniarius is a precious medicinal fungus in China. Researches have shown that its medicinal ingredients include polysaccharides,flavonoids,triterpenoids,terpenoids,polyphenols,pyrones,alkaloids,and so on. Among them,polysaccharideis an important active ingredient of P. igniarius,and has broadly pharmacological effects such as anti-tumor,anti-oxidation,immuneregulation,anti-fatigue,liver protection,blood sugar lowering,antibacterial and anti-inflammatory,and has no toxic and side effects,thusit has important research value. In recent years,many scholars have carried out a large number of experimental studies on the extraction ofpolysaccharides from P. igniarius. The results show that the solvent extraction method,ultrasonic extraction method and salt extraction methodare suitable for mass industrial production,but the solvent extraction method consumes a large amount of resources. In terms of microwaveextraction and enzymatic extraction,it is more suitable for small-scale extraction for experimental research. Its advantages are high extractionrate,convenient operation and fewer impurities. Based on the related research contents and results at home and abroad,this paper summarizesthe pharmacological effects and polysaccharide extraction technology of polysaccharide of P. igniarius,and prospects its development trends,aiming at providing a reference for its further study.
引文
[1]戴玉成,崔宝凯.药用真菌桑黄种类研究[J].北京林业大学学报, 2014, 36(5):1-6.
[2]钱宇,乔辉,郑天军,等.药用真菌抗肿瘤活性及机制的研究进展[J].中国真菌学杂志, 2018, 13(2):124-128.
[3]Wang FF, Shi C, Yang Y, et al. Medicinal mushroom Phellinus igniarius induced cell apoptosis in gastric cancer SGC-7901through a mitochondria-dependent pathway[J]. Biomedicine&Pharmacotherapy, 2018, 102:18-25.
[4]Wang H, Wu G, Park HJ, et al. Protective effect of Phellinus linteuspolysaccharide extracts against thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosisin rats:a proteomics analysis[J]. Chinese Medicine, 2012, 7(1):23-33.
[5]谢丽源,张勇,彭卫红,等.桑黄胞内多糖免疫及抗氧化活性研究[J].食品科学, 2011, 32(9):276-281.
[6]郑飞,孟歌,安琪,等.药用真菌桑黄液体培养过程中的抗氧化活性研究[J].菌物学报, 2017, 36(1):98-111.
[7]温克,陈劲,李红,等.桑黄等四种抗癌药物抗癌活性比较[J].吉林大学学报:医学版, 2002, 28(3):247-249.
[8]高雯雯,张娜,俞淑文.桑黄抗肿瘤及其作用机制的研究进展[J].中国中药杂志, 2014, 39(21):4165-4168.
[9]郭照辉,刘红.桑黄菌的特性及人工栽培技术[J].南方园艺,2013, 24(4):54-56.
[10]陈晓平,于翠翠.响应面法优化微波辅助乙醇提取桑黄黄酮工艺的研究[J].食品与发酵科技, 2013, 49(4):31.
[11]孙佳琦,张甘霖,于明薇,等.桑黄成分及其抗肿瘤作用机制研究进展[J].中国医药导报, 2016, 13(33):39-42.
[12]Li C, Pan JZ, Li X. et al. Endo-polysaccharide of Phellinus igniariusexhibited anti-tumor effect through enhancement of cell mediatedimmunity[J]. Int Immunopharmacol, 2011, 11(2):255-259.
[13]Li YG, Ji DF, Zhong S, et al. Polysaccharide from Phellinus linteusinduces S-phase arrest in HepG2 cells by decreasing calreticulinexpression and activating the P27kip1-cyclin A/D1/E-CDK2pathway[J]. J Ethnopharmacol, 2013, 150(1):187.
[14]闫景坤,马海乐,祝子坪,等.桑黄菌胞内多糖的理化性质和体外抗氧化活性[J].食品科学, 2012, 33(9):36-40.
[15]Wang ZY, Wang CY, Quan Y. Extraction of polysaccharides fromPhellinus nigricans mycelia and their antioxidant activities in vitro[J]. Carbohydrate Polymers, 2014, 99(99):110-115.
[16]Gao C, Zhong L, Jiang L, et al. Phellinus linteus mushroom protectsagainst tacrine-induced mitochondrial impairment and oxidativestress in Hep G2 cells[J]. Phytomedicine, 2013, 20(9):705.
[17]王钦博,杨焱,冯娜,等.桑黄抗氧化活性化合物的分离纯化及结构解析[J].天然产物研究与开发, 2013, 25(1):17-21.
[18]汪雯翰,王钦博,张劲松,等.鲍姆木层孔菌(桑黄)脂溶性提取物对PC12神经元细胞衰老的保护作用[J].菌物学报,2011, 30(5):760-766.
[19]汪雯翰,张劲松,王钦博,等. Neuro-2A神经元衰老细胞模型的构建及桑黄活性成分的筛选研究[J].营养学报, 2012, 34(2):172-176.
[20]魏静,李金凤,温成平,等.桑黄多糖对肝癌H22荷瘤小鼠的治疗作用[J].中药材, 2016, 39(12):2871-2873.
[21]李金凤,蔡国云,张艳.桑黄胞外多糖对胶原诱导性关节炎大鼠的免疫调节作用[J].上海中医药杂志, 2014(9):84-87.
[22]郭俊平,赵述淼,马姝萍,等.桑黄多糖抗疲劳及耐缺氧实验研究[J].中国食用菌, 2012, 31(3):42-46.
[23]史帧婷,包海鹰.桑黄多糖提取工艺研究进展[J].北方园艺,2017, 1:191-195.
[24]PawarHA,GavasaneAJ,ChoudharyPD.ExtractionofpolysaccharidefromfruitsofCordiadichotomaG.Forstusingacidprecipitationmethodanditsphysicochemicalcharacterization[J]. International Journal ofBiologicalMacromolecules, 2018, 115:871-875.
[25]顾菲菲,李佳,杨晨东,等.碱提灵芝多糖的分离纯化、结构表征及免疫活性评价[J].中草药, 2018, 49(10):2359-2364.
[26]葛青.桑黄子实体多糖的分离纯化、结构鉴定及结构修饰研究[D].杭州:浙江工业大学, 2009.
[27]曾鹏,黄世荣,刘明明,等.应用响应面法优化超声波辅助热水提取桑黄多糖的工艺条件[J].蚕业科学, 2015, 5:928-933.
[28]郭霞,邹祥,孙敏.桑黄菌丝体多糖提取方法比较及优化研究[J].食用菌, 2009, 31(3):62-64.
[29]张岚,和劲松,王雪峰,等.响应面优化复合酶法提取干巴菌多糖工艺[J].食品研究与开发, 2017, 38(20):51-55.
[30]程伟,秦俊哲,杜军国,等.桑黄多糖超声波协同纤维素酶法提取的工艺优化[J].现代食品科技, 2012, 28(6):662-666.
[31]程伟,秦俊哲,杜军国.桑黄多糖提取过程模型的建立与动力学分析[J].现代食品科技, 2013, 3:513-518.
[32]程伟.桑黄子实体多糖的提取、纯化与体外抗氧化活性研究[D].西安:陕西科技大学, 2013.
[33]徐海峰,张玉,闫浩,等.灵芝多糖和三萜的提取工艺研究[J].包装与食品机械, 2016, 35(5):5-10.
[34]傅海庆,李吟,傅华英.超声波法提取桑黄菌丝体多糖的研究[J].中国农学通报, 2012, 36(28):282-286.
[35]秦俊哲,任金玫,殷红.响应面法优化微波辅助提取桑黄子实体多糖的工艺研究[J].陕西科技大学学报(自然科学版),2014, 4:89-92.
[36]时东方,周勇,李雪,等.桑黄菌丝体粗多糖的提取方法研究[J].菌物研究, 2008, 4(6):226-230.
[37]郭树凡,蔡天革,李辉,等.微波辅助提取桑黄多糖的工艺研究[J].特产研究, 2008, 1:22-25.
[38]王巍杰,徐长波,程红燕,等.盐析法分离藻蓝蛋白的研究[J].食品科技, 2010, 35(5):238-241.
[39]史帧婷,包海鹰.桑黄类真菌有效成分及功效研究进展[J].中国实验方剂学杂志, 2016, 22(22):197-202.
[40]郎明紫,曾鹏,刘明明,等.桑黄多糖的研究进展[J].蚕桑通报, 2017, 48(2):14-18.
[2]钱宇,乔辉,郑天军,等.药用真菌抗肿瘤活性及机制的研究进展[J].中国真菌学杂志, 2018, 13(2):124-128.
[3]Wang FF, Shi C, Yang Y, et al. Medicinal mushroom Phellinus igniarius induced cell apoptosis in gastric cancer SGC-7901through a mitochondria-dependent pathway[J]. Biomedicine&Pharmacotherapy, 2018, 102:18-25.
[4]Wang H, Wu G, Park HJ, et al. Protective effect of Phellinus linteuspolysaccharide extracts against thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosisin rats:a proteomics analysis[J]. Chinese Medicine, 2012, 7(1):23-33.
[5]谢丽源,张勇,彭卫红,等.桑黄胞内多糖免疫及抗氧化活性研究[J].食品科学, 2011, 32(9):276-281.
[6]郑飞,孟歌,安琪,等.药用真菌桑黄液体培养过程中的抗氧化活性研究[J].菌物学报, 2017, 36(1):98-111.
[7]温克,陈劲,李红,等.桑黄等四种抗癌药物抗癌活性比较[J].吉林大学学报:医学版, 2002, 28(3):247-249.
[8]高雯雯,张娜,俞淑文.桑黄抗肿瘤及其作用机制的研究进展[J].中国中药杂志, 2014, 39(21):4165-4168.
[9]郭照辉,刘红.桑黄菌的特性及人工栽培技术[J].南方园艺,2013, 24(4):54-56.
[10]陈晓平,于翠翠.响应面法优化微波辅助乙醇提取桑黄黄酮工艺的研究[J].食品与发酵科技, 2013, 49(4):31.
[11]孙佳琦,张甘霖,于明薇,等.桑黄成分及其抗肿瘤作用机制研究进展[J].中国医药导报, 2016, 13(33):39-42.
[12]Li C, Pan JZ, Li X. et al. Endo-polysaccharide of Phellinus igniariusexhibited anti-tumor effect through enhancement of cell mediatedimmunity[J]. Int Immunopharmacol, 2011, 11(2):255-259.
[13]Li YG, Ji DF, Zhong S, et al. Polysaccharide from Phellinus linteusinduces S-phase arrest in HepG2 cells by decreasing calreticulinexpression and activating the P27kip1-cyclin A/D1/E-CDK2pathway[J]. J Ethnopharmacol, 2013, 150(1):187.
[14]闫景坤,马海乐,祝子坪,等.桑黄菌胞内多糖的理化性质和体外抗氧化活性[J].食品科学, 2012, 33(9):36-40.
[15]Wang ZY, Wang CY, Quan Y. Extraction of polysaccharides fromPhellinus nigricans mycelia and their antioxidant activities in vitro[J]. Carbohydrate Polymers, 2014, 99(99):110-115.
[16]Gao C, Zhong L, Jiang L, et al. Phellinus linteus mushroom protectsagainst tacrine-induced mitochondrial impairment and oxidativestress in Hep G2 cells[J]. Phytomedicine, 2013, 20(9):705.
[17]王钦博,杨焱,冯娜,等.桑黄抗氧化活性化合物的分离纯化及结构解析[J].天然产物研究与开发, 2013, 25(1):17-21.
[18]汪雯翰,王钦博,张劲松,等.鲍姆木层孔菌(桑黄)脂溶性提取物对PC12神经元细胞衰老的保护作用[J].菌物学报,2011, 30(5):760-766.
[19]汪雯翰,张劲松,王钦博,等. Neuro-2A神经元衰老细胞模型的构建及桑黄活性成分的筛选研究[J].营养学报, 2012, 34(2):172-176.
[20]魏静,李金凤,温成平,等.桑黄多糖对肝癌H22荷瘤小鼠的治疗作用[J].中药材, 2016, 39(12):2871-2873.
[21]李金凤,蔡国云,张艳.桑黄胞外多糖对胶原诱导性关节炎大鼠的免疫调节作用[J].上海中医药杂志, 2014(9):84-87.
[22]郭俊平,赵述淼,马姝萍,等.桑黄多糖抗疲劳及耐缺氧实验研究[J].中国食用菌, 2012, 31(3):42-46.
[23]史帧婷,包海鹰.桑黄多糖提取工艺研究进展[J].北方园艺,2017, 1:191-195.
[24]PawarHA,GavasaneAJ,ChoudharyPD.ExtractionofpolysaccharidefromfruitsofCordiadichotomaG.Forstusingacidprecipitationmethodanditsphysicochemicalcharacterization[J]. International Journal ofBiologicalMacromolecules, 2018, 115:871-875.
[25]顾菲菲,李佳,杨晨东,等.碱提灵芝多糖的分离纯化、结构表征及免疫活性评价[J].中草药, 2018, 49(10):2359-2364.
[26]葛青.桑黄子实体多糖的分离纯化、结构鉴定及结构修饰研究[D].杭州:浙江工业大学, 2009.
[27]曾鹏,黄世荣,刘明明,等.应用响应面法优化超声波辅助热水提取桑黄多糖的工艺条件[J].蚕业科学, 2015, 5:928-933.
[28]郭霞,邹祥,孙敏.桑黄菌丝体多糖提取方法比较及优化研究[J].食用菌, 2009, 31(3):62-64.
[29]张岚,和劲松,王雪峰,等.响应面优化复合酶法提取干巴菌多糖工艺[J].食品研究与开发, 2017, 38(20):51-55.
[30]程伟,秦俊哲,杜军国,等.桑黄多糖超声波协同纤维素酶法提取的工艺优化[J].现代食品科技, 2012, 28(6):662-666.
[31]程伟,秦俊哲,杜军国.桑黄多糖提取过程模型的建立与动力学分析[J].现代食品科技, 2013, 3:513-518.
[32]程伟.桑黄子实体多糖的提取、纯化与体外抗氧化活性研究[D].西安:陕西科技大学, 2013.
[33]徐海峰,张玉,闫浩,等.灵芝多糖和三萜的提取工艺研究[J].包装与食品机械, 2016, 35(5):5-10.
[34]傅海庆,李吟,傅华英.超声波法提取桑黄菌丝体多糖的研究[J].中国农学通报, 2012, 36(28):282-286.
[35]秦俊哲,任金玫,殷红.响应面法优化微波辅助提取桑黄子实体多糖的工艺研究[J].陕西科技大学学报(自然科学版),2014, 4:89-92.
[36]时东方,周勇,李雪,等.桑黄菌丝体粗多糖的提取方法研究[J].菌物研究, 2008, 4(6):226-230.
[37]郭树凡,蔡天革,李辉,等.微波辅助提取桑黄多糖的工艺研究[J].特产研究, 2008, 1:22-25.
[38]王巍杰,徐长波,程红燕,等.盐析法分离藻蓝蛋白的研究[J].食品科技, 2010, 35(5):238-241.
[39]史帧婷,包海鹰.桑黄类真菌有效成分及功效研究进展[J].中国实验方剂学杂志, 2016, 22(22):197-202.
[40]郎明紫,曾鹏,刘明明,等.桑黄多糖的研究进展[J].蚕桑通报, 2017, 48(2):14-18.