叶面喷硒对沾化冬枣富硒及品质的影响
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摘要
硒是人体必需的微量元素,食用富硒农产品是最安全有效的补硒途径。冬枣是天然的含硒植物,增施硒肥可以提高冬枣果实中硒的含量。为了筛选出适于冬枣的高效叶面施硒方案,从而给冬枣安全有效地施用硒肥提供理论依据和技术指导,于沾化冬枣果实膨大期,在其叶面一次性地喷施了不同含硒量(0、25、50、100、200 mg·L-1)的亚硒酸钠溶液,就不同浓度的喷硒处理对冬枣果实中的硒含量、硒有机化程度及果实品质的影响情况进行了试验研究。结果表明:当硒的处理浓度≥50 mg·L-1时,冬枣果实中硒的总含量快速增加;随着喷硒浓度的升高,果实中硒的有机化比率呈先增大后减小的变化趋势,各喷硒处理中,以硒含量≥50 mg·L~(-1)的喷硒处理的有机化程度为最高。不同施硒量对冬枣果实品质的作用效果也不尽相同,硒含量为50 mg·L~(-1)的喷硒处理对果实品质的改善效果最佳,此处理的冬枣果实其可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、维生素C、总黄酮的含量和糖酸比均达到了最高值,较对照分别显著提高了17.06%、22.66%、12.25%、29.17%和34.34%;然而,叶面施硒对冬枣果实中可滴定酸和总三萜酸的含量却均无显著影响。综合分析认为,在果实膨大期一次性地叶面喷施含硒量为50 mg·L~(-1)的亚硒酸钠溶液是生产富硒冬枣的较佳措施。
Selenium(Se) is one of the essential microelements for human body. Eating Se-enriched agricultural products is an effective and the safest way to take in Se. Zhanhua Jujube(Zizyphus jujuba Mill. cv. Dongzao) is a natural Se-enriched plant, and Se fertilizer application could enhance Se content in fruit. In order to screen a high effective plan suitable for foliar spraying Se fertilizer, and to provide some theoretical and technical references for safe and effective Se fertilizer application for Zhanhua Jujube, effects of sodium selenite(Na_2SeO_3) solutions at different Se contents(0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg·L-1) on Se content, organic Se ratio and quality of jujube fruits were researched by using the method of one-time foliar spay at fruit expanding period. The results indicated that total Se content in fruit was increased rapidly when Se concentration was more than 50 mg·L~(-1). Organic Se ratio presented a variation tendency of rising firstly and then declining with increase of Se concentration, and the maximum value appeared when Se concentration was more than 50 mg·L-1. Effects of different Se concentrations were inconsistent on fruit quality.The treatment of 50 mg·L~(-1) Se concentration performed the best effects on improving fruit quality, and the maximum of soluble solids content, soluble sugar content, vitamin C content, total flavone content and sugar-acid ratio were observed, which were significant increased by 17.06%, 22.66%, 12.25%, 29.17% and 34.34% compared with the control,respectively. However, foliar Se application had no significant effects on contents of titratable acid and total triterpenic acids in fruits. The results of comprehensive analysis suggested that foliar spay of Na_2SeO_3 solution(50 mg·L-1 Se) at fruit expanding period was a good method of producing Se-enriched Zhanhua Jujube.
Selenium(Se) is one of the essential microelements for human body. Eating Se-enriched agricultural products is an effective and the safest way to take in Se. Zhanhua Jujube(Zizyphus jujuba Mill. cv. Dongzao) is a natural Se-enriched plant, and Se fertilizer application could enhance Se content in fruit. In order to screen a high effective plan suitable for foliar spraying Se fertilizer, and to provide some theoretical and technical references for safe and effective Se fertilizer application for Zhanhua Jujube, effects of sodium selenite(Na_2SeO_3) solutions at different Se contents(0, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg·L-1) on Se content, organic Se ratio and quality of jujube fruits were researched by using the method of one-time foliar spay at fruit expanding period. The results indicated that total Se content in fruit was increased rapidly when Se concentration was more than 50 mg·L~(-1). Organic Se ratio presented a variation tendency of rising firstly and then declining with increase of Se concentration, and the maximum value appeared when Se concentration was more than 50 mg·L-1. Effects of different Se concentrations were inconsistent on fruit quality.The treatment of 50 mg·L~(-1) Se concentration performed the best effects on improving fruit quality, and the maximum of soluble solids content, soluble sugar content, vitamin C content, total flavone content and sugar-acid ratio were observed, which were significant increased by 17.06%, 22.66%, 12.25%, 29.17% and 34.34% compared with the control,respectively. However, foliar Se application had no significant effects on contents of titratable acid and total triterpenic acids in fruits. The results of comprehensive analysis suggested that foliar spay of Na_2SeO_3 solution(50 mg·L-1 Se) at fruit expanding period was a good method of producing Se-enriched Zhanhua Jujube.
引文
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[13]杨燕君,刘晓华,宁婵娟,等.叶面施硒对甜柿果实品质及重金属含量的影响[J].园艺学报,2013,40(3):523-530.
[14]王海波,王孝娣,毋应龙,等.设施葡萄对硒的吸收运转及积累特性[J].果树学报,2011,28(6):972-976.
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[20]杨若明,张经华,摆亚军,等.外源性加硒法增加枣中硒含量的研究[J].广东微量元素科学,2001,8(1):29-31.
[21]张海英,韩涛,田磊,等.桃、枣和草莓对硒的吸收及富集特性研究[J].果树学报,2010,27(5):802-806.
[22]中华人民共和国卫生部.GB/T 5009 93-2010,食品中硒的测定[S].
[23]SUN M,LIU G J,WU Q H.Speciation of organic and inorganic selenium in selenium-enriched rice by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry after cloud point extraction[J].Food Chem,2013,141:66-71.
[24]胡琼,王森,张自强,等.不同批次南方鲜食枣枣吊果实品质对比分析[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2017,37(11):63-68.
[25]赵春艳,普晓英,曾亚文,等.大麦麦芽总黄酮类化合物含量的测定分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2010,11(4):498-502.
[26]GUO S,DUAN J,TANG Y,et al.Characterization of triterpenic acids in fruits of Ziziphus species by HPLC-ELSD-MS[J].J Agric Food Chem,2010,58(10):6285-6289.
[27]朱丽琴,魏钦平,许雪峰,等.葡萄对硒的吸收、分布和积累特性的初步研究[J].园艺学报,2007,34(2):325-328.
[28]王斐,姜淑苓,李铁凤,等.氨基酸硒叶面肥在梨树上的应用试验[J].中国果树,2012(2):41-43.
[29]刘群龙,郝燕燕,郝国伟,等.叶面喷硒对梨果实矿质元素积累和贮藏特性的影响[J].植物生理学报,2015,51(5):655-660.
[30]李亚敏,刘建中,张峰,等.硒对猕猴桃叶片光合生理和果实品质的影响[J].西部林业科学,2012,40(2):38-42.
[31]中国营养学会.中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2006:210-224.
[32]王景怀,施辰子.富硒农产品开发及含硒量标准的探讨[J].天津农林科技,2005(3):15-173.
[33]聂继云,匡立学,李志霞,等.中国主要落叶果树果实硒含量及其膳食暴露评估[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(15):3015-3026.
[2]陈铭,谭见安.环境硒与健康关系研究中的土壤化学与植物营养学[J].土壤学进展,1994,22(4):1-10.
[3]纪晴,包昌艳,周军,等.避雨栽培对冬枣果实品质的影响[J].经济林研究,2018,36(4):64-72.
[4]李亚敏,姬海宁.硒对猕猴桃抗氧化活性的促进作用[J].现代食品科技,2013,19(5):26-29.
[5]龙友华,张承,吴小毛,等.土壤施用硒肥对猕猴桃含硒量、镉铅积累及品质的影响(英文)[J].食品科学,2016,37(13):82-88.
[6]夏永香,刘世琦,李贺,等.硒对大蒜生理特性、含硒量及品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2012,18(3):733-741.
[7]赵文龙,胡斌,王嘉薇,等.磷与四价硒的共存对小白菜磷、硒吸收及转运的影响[J].环境科学学报,2013,33(7):2020-2026.
[8]LI H F,MCGRATH S P,ZHAO F J.Selenium uptake,translocation and speciation in wheat supplied with selenate or selenite[J].New Phytol,2008,178(1):92-102.
[9]RAMOS S J,FAQUIN V,GUILHERME L R G,et al.Selenium biofortification and antioxidant activity in lettuce plants fed with selenate and selenite[J].Plant Soil Environ,2010,56(12):584-588.
[10]FINLEY J W.Increased intakes of selenium-enriched foods may benefit human health[J].J Sci Food Agric,2007,87(9):1620-1629.
[11]宁婵娟,丁宁,吴国良,等.喷硒时期与浓度对红富士苹果果实品质及各部位全硒和有机态硒含量的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(5):1109-1117.
[12]朱丽琴,魏钦平,许雪峰,等.葡萄对硒的吸收、分布和积累特性的初步研究[J].园艺学报,2007,34(2):325-328.
[13]杨燕君,刘晓华,宁婵娟,等.叶面施硒对甜柿果实品质及重金属含量的影响[J].园艺学报,2013,40(3):523-530.
[14]王海波,王孝娣,毋应龙,等.设施葡萄对硒的吸收运转及积累特性[J].果树学报,2011,28(6):972-976.
[15]PEZZAROSSA B,REMORINI D,GENTILEB M,et al.Effects of foliar and fruit addition of sodium selenate on selenium accumulation and fruit quality[J].J Sci Food Agric,2012,92:781-786.
[16]霍文兰,刘步明,曹艳萍,等.陕北红枣总黄酮提取及其抗氧化性研究[J].食品科技,2006(10):45-47.
[17]杜庆鑫,魏艳秀,刘攀峰,等.分光光度法测定杜仲雄花和叶中的总黄酮[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2017,37(5):96-100.
[18]曹艳萍,杨秀利,薛成虎.红枣中齐墩果酸提取工艺的研究[J].食品科学,2007,28(10):165-167.
[19]ZHAO Y,WU P,WANG Y,et al.Different approaches for selenium biofortification of pear-jujube(Zizyphus jujuba M cv Lizao)and associated effects on fruit quality[J].J Food,Agric&Environ,2013,11(2):529-534.
[20]杨若明,张经华,摆亚军,等.外源性加硒法增加枣中硒含量的研究[J].广东微量元素科学,2001,8(1):29-31.
[21]张海英,韩涛,田磊,等.桃、枣和草莓对硒的吸收及富集特性研究[J].果树学报,2010,27(5):802-806.
[22]中华人民共和国卫生部.GB/T 5009 93-2010,食品中硒的测定[S].
[23]SUN M,LIU G J,WU Q H.Speciation of organic and inorganic selenium in selenium-enriched rice by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry after cloud point extraction[J].Food Chem,2013,141:66-71.
[24]胡琼,王森,张自强,等.不同批次南方鲜食枣枣吊果实品质对比分析[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2017,37(11):63-68.
[25]赵春艳,普晓英,曾亚文,等.大麦麦芽总黄酮类化合物含量的测定分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2010,11(4):498-502.
[26]GUO S,DUAN J,TANG Y,et al.Characterization of triterpenic acids in fruits of Ziziphus species by HPLC-ELSD-MS[J].J Agric Food Chem,2010,58(10):6285-6289.
[27]朱丽琴,魏钦平,许雪峰,等.葡萄对硒的吸收、分布和积累特性的初步研究[J].园艺学报,2007,34(2):325-328.
[28]王斐,姜淑苓,李铁凤,等.氨基酸硒叶面肥在梨树上的应用试验[J].中国果树,2012(2):41-43.
[29]刘群龙,郝燕燕,郝国伟,等.叶面喷硒对梨果实矿质元素积累和贮藏特性的影响[J].植物生理学报,2015,51(5):655-660.
[30]李亚敏,刘建中,张峰,等.硒对猕猴桃叶片光合生理和果实品质的影响[J].西部林业科学,2012,40(2):38-42.
[31]中国营养学会.中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2006:210-224.
[32]王景怀,施辰子.富硒农产品开发及含硒量标准的探讨[J].天津农林科技,2005(3):15-173.
[33]聂继云,匡立学,李志霞,等.中国主要落叶果树果实硒含量及其膳食暴露评估[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(15):3015-3026.