铁皮石斛不同授粉方式对蒴果发育及种子萌发的影响
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摘要
为研究不同授粉方式对铁皮石斛蒴果发育以及无菌播种种子萌发的影响,选用健康的铁皮石斛植株花朵进行了自花授粉、异花授粉和自然授粉;选用不同种龄的种子在离体培养条件下进行萌发实验。研究结果表明:铁皮石斛自花授粉和异花授粉均能结实,异花授粉的结实率较高,达64.8%;铁皮石斛在开花的第2~3天授粉的结实率最高;120~210 d种龄的种子萌发率较高,均为90%以上。选择人工异花授粉和适宜种龄的种子离体培养,不仅可培育优良品种,还可缩短繁殖周期,为铁皮石斛遗传改良提供依据。
In order to study the effect of different pollination methods on development of capsule and seed germination of Dendrobium officinale, the healthy plant flowers were selected to carry out self-pollination,cross-pollination and spontaneous pollination. The seed of different age were selected to carry out germination experiment in vitro culture. The results showed that self-pollination and cross-pollination were fertile, setting percentage of cross-pollination was higher, up to 64.8%. The setting percentage was the highest in the 2 nd to 3 rd day after flowering. The age of seeds among 120 to 210 days has higher germination rate which were all more than90%. Choosing cross-pollination and appropriate age of seed in vitro culture could not only breed elite varieties,but also shorten the breeding cycle and might provide basis for genetic improvement of Dendrobium officinale.
In order to study the effect of different pollination methods on development of capsule and seed germination of Dendrobium officinale, the healthy plant flowers were selected to carry out self-pollination,cross-pollination and spontaneous pollination. The seed of different age were selected to carry out germination experiment in vitro culture. The results showed that self-pollination and cross-pollination were fertile, setting percentage of cross-pollination was higher, up to 64.8%. The setting percentage was the highest in the 2 nd to 3 rd day after flowering. The age of seeds among 120 to 210 days has higher germination rate which were all more than90%. Choosing cross-pollination and appropriate age of seed in vitro culture could not only breed elite varieties,but also shorten the breeding cycle and might provide basis for genetic improvement of Dendrobium officinale.
引文
Fang C.F.,Huang L.L.,Huang S.Z.,and Qiao F.,2013,Existing problems in storage and research progress in preservation of Dendrobium officinale,Zhongcaoyao(Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs),16(44):2336-2340(方长发,黄略略,黄森展,乔方,2013,铁皮石斛贮藏过程中存在的问题及其保鲜技术研究进展,中草药,16(44):2336-2340)
Fu C.M.,Xian K.H.,Huang N.Z.,Zhao Z.G.,Tang F.L.,Shi Y.P.,and He J.X.,2013,Study on cross breeding and asepsis sowing and rapid propagation of Demdrobium officinale kimura et migo and Dendrobium aduncum wall ex lindl,Zhongzi(Seed),32(9):115-117(付传明,冼康华,黄宁珍,赵志国,唐凤鸾,石云平,何金祥,2013,铁皮石斛与钩状石斛杂交及种子无菌播种快繁研究,种子,32(9):115-117)
Fu C.M.,Zhao Z.G.,Huang N.Z.,He J.X.,Tang F.L.,and Shi Y.P.,2012,Study on technology of aseptic sowing and rapid propagation of Demdrobium officinale,Guangxi Zhiwu(Guihaia),32(2):238-242(付传明,赵志国,黄宁珍,何金祥,唐凤鸾,石云平,2012,铁皮石斛无菌播种产业化繁育技术研究,广西植物,32(2):238-242)
Guan J.M.,2014,The study of seed-breeding and GAP planting key technology of Dendrobium officinale,Dissertation for Ph.D.,Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine,Supervisor:Lai X.P.,pp.1-3(关杰敏,2014,铁皮石斛良种繁育与GAP种植关键技术研究,博士学位论文,广州中医药大学,导师:赖小平,pp.1-3)
Li J.H.,and Zhang L.H.,2015,Four kinds of common disease and its prevention in seedling production of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo,Zhongzi(Seed),34(12):128-130(李景蕻,张丽华,2015,铁皮石斛种苗生产中4种常见病害及防治,种子,34(12):128-130)
Lin C.F.,Zhong A.Q.,Lin Y.B.,and Chen L.G.,2007,Study on proliferation and redifferentiation of protocorm-like bodies of Dendrobium candidum,Jiangxi Nongye Xuebao(Acta A-griculturae Jiangxi),19(1):84-86(林丛发,钟爱清,林云斌,陈芦根,2007,铁皮石斛类原球茎增殖和分化的研究,江西农业学报,19(1):84-86)
Lin J.B.,Dai Y.M.,Zou H.,Wang W.Y.,and Wu S.J.,2010,On breeding Dendrobium candidum Wall.ex Lindl,Fujian Nongye Xuebao(Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences),25(5);606-609(林江波,戴艺民,邹晖,王伟英,吴水金,2010,福建铁皮石斛人工繁育技术研究,福建农业学报,25(5):606-609)
Luo H.M.,Zheng X.L.,Cai S.K.,Qiu D.S.,Liu X.J.,and Zhang X.L.,2011,Experiments of artificial pollination on six species of Dendrobium,Guangdong Nongye Kexue(Guangdong Agricultural Sciences),12(25):121-123(罗焕明,郑希龙,蔡时可,邱道寿,刘晓津,张小兰,2011,6种石斛属植物的人工授粉试验,广东农业科学,12(25):121-123)
Luo Z.C.,ed.,2013,Original ecological cultivation technology of Dendrobium officinale,China Forestry Publishing House,Beijing,China,pp.9(罗仲春,主编.2013,铁皮石斛原生态栽培技术,中国林业出版社,中国,北京,pp.9)
Wang C.,Zheng Y.P.,Luo M.,Zhou F.Y.,and Yu Q.F.,2007,Micropropagation of Dendrobium officinale,Zhejiang Linxueyuan Xuebao(Journal of Zhejiang Forestry College),24(3):372-376(王春,郑勇平,罗蔓,周芳勇,余琼芳,2007,铁皮石斛试管苗快繁体系,浙江林学院学报,24(3):372-376)
Wen M.X.,Nie Z.P.,Lin M.,Feng X.J.,and Chen R.G.,2007,Advances in tissue culture and rapid propagation of Dendrobium candidum,Guangxi Nongye Kexue(Guangxi Agricultural Sciences),38(3):227-230(温明霞,聂振朋,林媚,冯先桔,陈荣桂,2007,铁皮石斛组织培养与快速繁殖研究进展,广西农业科学,38(3):227-230)
Yang Y.,Luo Z.R.,Huang A.X.,Wu S.Y.,and Ran J.C.,Cas chromatography test different ways of planting tin pattern Dendrobium candidum welcome alkali content and the analysis of volatile components,Fenzi Zhiwu Yuzhong(Molecular Plant Breeding),14(7):1835-1840(杨洋,罗在柒,黄安香,吴仕艳,冉景丞,2016,气相色谱检测不同种植方式铁皮石斛中石斛碱含量及挥发性成分分析,分子植物育种,2016,14(7):1835-1840)
Ye X.M.,Liu W.H.,and Lai Z.X.,2012,Research progress on tissue culture of Dendrobium candidum,Yaredai Nongye Yanjiu(Subtropical Agriculture Research),1(8):57-61(叶秀妹,刘炜婳,赖钟雄,2012,铁皮石斛组织培养研究进展,亚热带农业研究,1(8):57-61)
Zha X.Q.,Wang J.H.,Pan L.H.,Luo J.P.,and Lv M.M.,2007,Study on antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Dendrobium species,Shipin Kexue(Food Science),28(10):90-93(查学强,王军辉,潘利华,罗建平,吕明明,2007,石斛多糖体外抗氧化活性的研究,食品科学,28(10):90-93)
Zhao Y.H.,2013,Study of tube flowering of Dendrobium officinale,Zhongzi(Seed),32(2):16-18(赵银河,2013,铁皮石斛试管开花研究,种子,32(2):16-18)
Zhu B.,2011,Technique of artificial hybridization and superior family selection of Dendrobium Officinale in the seedling stage,Thesis for M.S.,Zhejiang agriculture and Forestry U-niversity,Supervisor:Si J.P.,PP.1-5(朱波,2011,铁皮石斛人工杂交技术与优良家系苗期选择,硕士学位论文,浙江农林大学,导师:斯金平,pp.1-5)
Fu C.M.,Xian K.H.,Huang N.Z.,Zhao Z.G.,Tang F.L.,Shi Y.P.,and He J.X.,2013,Study on cross breeding and asepsis sowing and rapid propagation of Demdrobium officinale kimura et migo and Dendrobium aduncum wall ex lindl,Zhongzi(Seed),32(9):115-117(付传明,冼康华,黄宁珍,赵志国,唐凤鸾,石云平,何金祥,2013,铁皮石斛与钩状石斛杂交及种子无菌播种快繁研究,种子,32(9):115-117)
Fu C.M.,Zhao Z.G.,Huang N.Z.,He J.X.,Tang F.L.,and Shi Y.P.,2012,Study on technology of aseptic sowing and rapid propagation of Demdrobium officinale,Guangxi Zhiwu(Guihaia),32(2):238-242(付传明,赵志国,黄宁珍,何金祥,唐凤鸾,石云平,2012,铁皮石斛无菌播种产业化繁育技术研究,广西植物,32(2):238-242)
Guan J.M.,2014,The study of seed-breeding and GAP planting key technology of Dendrobium officinale,Dissertation for Ph.D.,Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine,Supervisor:Lai X.P.,pp.1-3(关杰敏,2014,铁皮石斛良种繁育与GAP种植关键技术研究,博士学位论文,广州中医药大学,导师:赖小平,pp.1-3)
Li J.H.,and Zhang L.H.,2015,Four kinds of common disease and its prevention in seedling production of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo,Zhongzi(Seed),34(12):128-130(李景蕻,张丽华,2015,铁皮石斛种苗生产中4种常见病害及防治,种子,34(12):128-130)
Lin C.F.,Zhong A.Q.,Lin Y.B.,and Chen L.G.,2007,Study on proliferation and redifferentiation of protocorm-like bodies of Dendrobium candidum,Jiangxi Nongye Xuebao(Acta A-griculturae Jiangxi),19(1):84-86(林丛发,钟爱清,林云斌,陈芦根,2007,铁皮石斛类原球茎增殖和分化的研究,江西农业学报,19(1):84-86)
Lin J.B.,Dai Y.M.,Zou H.,Wang W.Y.,and Wu S.J.,2010,On breeding Dendrobium candidum Wall.ex Lindl,Fujian Nongye Xuebao(Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences),25(5);606-609(林江波,戴艺民,邹晖,王伟英,吴水金,2010,福建铁皮石斛人工繁育技术研究,福建农业学报,25(5):606-609)
Luo H.M.,Zheng X.L.,Cai S.K.,Qiu D.S.,Liu X.J.,and Zhang X.L.,2011,Experiments of artificial pollination on six species of Dendrobium,Guangdong Nongye Kexue(Guangdong Agricultural Sciences),12(25):121-123(罗焕明,郑希龙,蔡时可,邱道寿,刘晓津,张小兰,2011,6种石斛属植物的人工授粉试验,广东农业科学,12(25):121-123)
Luo Z.C.,ed.,2013,Original ecological cultivation technology of Dendrobium officinale,China Forestry Publishing House,Beijing,China,pp.9(罗仲春,主编.2013,铁皮石斛原生态栽培技术,中国林业出版社,中国,北京,pp.9)
Wang C.,Zheng Y.P.,Luo M.,Zhou F.Y.,and Yu Q.F.,2007,Micropropagation of Dendrobium officinale,Zhejiang Linxueyuan Xuebao(Journal of Zhejiang Forestry College),24(3):372-376(王春,郑勇平,罗蔓,周芳勇,余琼芳,2007,铁皮石斛试管苗快繁体系,浙江林学院学报,24(3):372-376)
Wen M.X.,Nie Z.P.,Lin M.,Feng X.J.,and Chen R.G.,2007,Advances in tissue culture and rapid propagation of Dendrobium candidum,Guangxi Nongye Kexue(Guangxi Agricultural Sciences),38(3):227-230(温明霞,聂振朋,林媚,冯先桔,陈荣桂,2007,铁皮石斛组织培养与快速繁殖研究进展,广西农业科学,38(3):227-230)
Yang Y.,Luo Z.R.,Huang A.X.,Wu S.Y.,and Ran J.C.,Cas chromatography test different ways of planting tin pattern Dendrobium candidum welcome alkali content and the analysis of volatile components,Fenzi Zhiwu Yuzhong(Molecular Plant Breeding),14(7):1835-1840(杨洋,罗在柒,黄安香,吴仕艳,冉景丞,2016,气相色谱检测不同种植方式铁皮石斛中石斛碱含量及挥发性成分分析,分子植物育种,2016,14(7):1835-1840)
Ye X.M.,Liu W.H.,and Lai Z.X.,2012,Research progress on tissue culture of Dendrobium candidum,Yaredai Nongye Yanjiu(Subtropical Agriculture Research),1(8):57-61(叶秀妹,刘炜婳,赖钟雄,2012,铁皮石斛组织培养研究进展,亚热带农业研究,1(8):57-61)
Zha X.Q.,Wang J.H.,Pan L.H.,Luo J.P.,and Lv M.M.,2007,Study on antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Dendrobium species,Shipin Kexue(Food Science),28(10):90-93(查学强,王军辉,潘利华,罗建平,吕明明,2007,石斛多糖体外抗氧化活性的研究,食品科学,28(10):90-93)
Zhao Y.H.,2013,Study of tube flowering of Dendrobium officinale,Zhongzi(Seed),32(2):16-18(赵银河,2013,铁皮石斛试管开花研究,种子,32(2):16-18)
Zhu B.,2011,Technique of artificial hybridization and superior family selection of Dendrobium Officinale in the seedling stage,Thesis for M.S.,Zhejiang agriculture and Forestry U-niversity,Supervisor:Si J.P.,PP.1-5(朱波,2011,铁皮石斛人工杂交技术与优良家系苗期选择,硕士学位论文,浙江农林大学,导师:斯金平,pp.1-5)