讲述与展示——V.S.奈保尔旅行写作中“真实”的印度
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摘要
以往对V.S.奈保尔"印度三部曲"的研究,主要通过比较他在三段不同时期对印度的写作,分析作家对印度感情、身份认同以及叙述方式的变化,却少有研究者注意奈保尔三部作品与他追求"真实"的关系。本文将重点从传达"真实"的视角,来研究他三次印度写作在体裁选择上,以及在叙事上从"讲述"到"展示"变化的心路历程、对"真实"印度的思考,为研究"印度三部曲"开辟新的思路。
The studies on"India Trilogy"mainly focused on comparing the differences of the three books in order to analyze the changes in the author's emotion towards India,his identity and his way of narration. However,fewnoticed the relationship between these changes and his pursuit of "truth". This paper aims at V. S. Naipaul's choice of travel writing and his narrative changes from telling to showing from the perspective of "truth ",which is to explore newways to approach "India Trilogy."
The studies on"India Trilogy"mainly focused on comparing the differences of the three books in order to analyze the changes in the author's emotion towards India,his identity and his way of narration. However,fewnoticed the relationship between these changes and his pursuit of "truth". This paper aims at V. S. Naipaul's choice of travel writing and his narrative changes from telling to showing from the perspective of "truth ",which is to explore newways to approach "India Trilogy."
引文
艾勒克·博埃默:《殖民与后殖民文学》,盛宁韩敏中译。沈阳:辽宁教育出版社,1998年。[Boehmer,Elleke.Colonial and Postcolonial Literature(zhi min yu hou zhi min wen xue).Trans.Sheng Ning,and Han M inzhong.Shenyang:Liaoning Education Press,1998.]
Booth,Wayne C.The Rhetoric of Fiction.Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1983.
杜维平:《转型中的社会:奈保尔作品研究》。北京:人民文学出版社,2014年。[Du,Weiping.Naipaul's Modernizing Societies(zhuan xing zhong de she hui:nai bao er zuo pin yan jiu).Beijing:People's Literature Press,2014.]
法·德洪迪:“奈保尔访谈录”,邹海仑译,《世界文学》1(2002):108-132。[Dhondy,Farrukh.“An Interview with V.S.Naipaul”(nai bao er fang tan lu).Trans.Zou Hailun.World Literature 1(2002):108-132.]
弗伦奇:《世事如斯:奈保尔传》,周成林译。北京:中信出版社,2012年。[French.The World Is What It Is:The Authorized Biography of V.S.Naipual(shi shi ru si:nai bao er zhuan).Trans.Zhou Chenglin.Beijing:China CITIC Press,2012.]
Hayw ard,Helen.The Enigma of V.S.Naipaul:Sources and Contexts.New York:Palgrave M acmillan,2002.
Hussein,Aamer.“Delivering the Truth:An Interview w ith V.S.Naipaul”.Ed.Feroza Jussaw alla.Conversations with V.S.Naipaul.Jackson:University Press of Mississippi,1997.154-161.
李明彦:《真实性话语的构建与新时期文学》。长春:东北师范大学,博士论文,2012年。[Li,Mingyan.The Discourse of Reality and the New Literature(zhen shi xing hua yu de gou jian yu xin shi qi w en xue).Doctoral Dissertation of Northeast Normal University,2012.]
刘俐俐:《文学“如何”:理论与方法》。北京:北京大学出版社,2009年。[Liu,Lili.Literary“How”:Theory and Method(wen xue ru he:li lun yu fang fa).Beijing:Peking University Press,2009.]
罗钢:《叙事学导论》。昆明:云南人民出版社,1994年。[Luo,Gang.An Introduction to Narratology(xu shi xue dao lun).Kunming:Yunnan People's Publishing House,1994.]
孟华主编:《比较文学形象学》。北京:北京大学出版社,2001年。[Meng,Hua.ed.Imagology of Comparative Literature(bi jiao wen xue xing xiang xue).Beijing:Peking University Press,2001.]
奈保尔:《印度:受伤的文明》,宋念申译。海口:南海出版公司,2013年a。[Naipaul,V.S..lndia:A Wounded Civilization(yin du:shou shang de wen ming).Trans.Song Nianshen.Haikou:Nanhai Publishing House,2013a.]
——:《幽暗国度》,李保平译。海口:南海出版公司,2013年b。[—.An Area of Darkness(you an guo du).Trans.Li Baoping.Haikou:Nanhai Publishing House,2013b.]
---.India:A Million Mutinies Now.London:Heinemann,1990.
---.India:A Wounded Civilization.New York:Vintage Books,1978.
——:《奈保尔家书》,北塔常文琪译。杭州:浙江文艺出版社,2006年。[—.Letters between a Father and Son(nai bao er jia shu).Trans.Bei Ta and Chang Wenqi.Hangzhou:Zhejiang Literature and Art Publishing House,2006.]
——:《康拉德的黑暗我的黑暗》,张敏译。海口:南海出版公司,2015年。[---.Literary Occasions(kang la de de hei an wo de hei an).Trans.Zhang Min.Haikou:Nanhai Publishing House,2015.]
---.Reading and Writing:A Personal Account.New York:NYREV,Inc.,2000.
Nightingale,Peggy.Journey through Darkness:The Writing of V.S.Naipaul.St.Lucia:University of Queensland Press,1987.谭君强:《叙事学导论:从经典叙事到后经典叙事》。北京:高等教育出版社,2008年。[Tan,Junqiang.Introduction to Narratology:From Classical Narratology to Postclassical Narratology(xu shi xue dao lun:cong jing dian xu shi dao hou jing dian xu shi).Beijing:Higher Education Press,2008.]
索鲁:《维迪亚爵士的影子:一场跨越五大洲的友谊》,秦于理译。重庆:重庆出版社,2005年。[Theroux,Paul.Sir Vidia's Shadow(wei di ya jue shi de ying zi:yi chang kua yue wu da zhou de you yi).Trans.Qin Yuli.Chongqing:Chongqing Publishing House,2005.]
---.V.S.Naipaul:An Introduction to His Work.London:Andre Deutsch,1972.
Thorpe,M ichael.V.S.Naipaul.Edinburgh:Longman Group Ltd.,1976.
Winokur,Scott.“The Unsparing Vision of V.S Naipaul”,Ed.Feroza Jussaw alla.Conversations with V.S.Naipaul.M ississippi:University Press of M ississippi,1997.114-129.徐振杨茜陈祥波:《V.S.奈保尔印度书写的嬗变》。成都:四川大学出版社,2013年。[Xu,Zhen,Yang Qian,and Cheng Xiangbo.V.S.Naipaul's Transformation in Indian Writing(V.S.nai bao er yin du shu xie de shan bian).Chengdu:Sichuan University Press,2013.]
杨中举:《奈保尔:跨界生存与多重叙事》。上海:东方出版中心,2009年。[Yang,Zhongju.Naipaul:Trans-Boundary Survival and Multiple Narrative(nai bao er:kua jie sheng cun yu duo chong xu shi).Shanghai:Orient Publishing Center,2009.]
尹锡南:《英国文学中的印度》。成都:巴蜀书社,2008年。[Yin,Xi'nan.India in English Literature(ying yu wen xue zhong de yin du).Chengdu:Bashu Publishing House,2008.]
赵一凡:《西方文论关键词》。北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2006年。[Zhao,Yifan.Key Words of Western Literary Theories(xi fang wen lun guan jian ci).Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press,2006.]
赵毅衡:《苦恼的叙述者》。成都:四川文艺出版社,2013年。[Zhao,Yiheng.The Uneasy Narrator(ku nao de xu shu zhe).Chengdu:Sichuan Literature and Art Publishing House,2013.]
(1)文中所引译文凡未说明者,均为笔者自译。
Booth,Wayne C.The Rhetoric of Fiction.Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1983.
杜维平:《转型中的社会:奈保尔作品研究》。北京:人民文学出版社,2014年。[Du,Weiping.Naipaul's Modernizing Societies(zhuan xing zhong de she hui:nai bao er zuo pin yan jiu).Beijing:People's Literature Press,2014.]
法·德洪迪:“奈保尔访谈录”,邹海仑译,《世界文学》1(2002):108-132。[Dhondy,Farrukh.“An Interview with V.S.Naipaul”(nai bao er fang tan lu).Trans.Zou Hailun.World Literature 1(2002):108-132.]
弗伦奇:《世事如斯:奈保尔传》,周成林译。北京:中信出版社,2012年。[French.The World Is What It Is:The Authorized Biography of V.S.Naipual(shi shi ru si:nai bao er zhuan).Trans.Zhou Chenglin.Beijing:China CITIC Press,2012.]
Hayw ard,Helen.The Enigma of V.S.Naipaul:Sources and Contexts.New York:Palgrave M acmillan,2002.
Hussein,Aamer.“Delivering the Truth:An Interview w ith V.S.Naipaul”.Ed.Feroza Jussaw alla.Conversations with V.S.Naipaul.Jackson:University Press of Mississippi,1997.154-161.
李明彦:《真实性话语的构建与新时期文学》。长春:东北师范大学,博士论文,2012年。[Li,Mingyan.The Discourse of Reality and the New Literature(zhen shi xing hua yu de gou jian yu xin shi qi w en xue).Doctoral Dissertation of Northeast Normal University,2012.]
刘俐俐:《文学“如何”:理论与方法》。北京:北京大学出版社,2009年。[Liu,Lili.Literary“How”:Theory and Method(wen xue ru he:li lun yu fang fa).Beijing:Peking University Press,2009.]
罗钢:《叙事学导论》。昆明:云南人民出版社,1994年。[Luo,Gang.An Introduction to Narratology(xu shi xue dao lun).Kunming:Yunnan People's Publishing House,1994.]
孟华主编:《比较文学形象学》。北京:北京大学出版社,2001年。[Meng,Hua.ed.Imagology of Comparative Literature(bi jiao wen xue xing xiang xue).Beijing:Peking University Press,2001.]
奈保尔:《印度:受伤的文明》,宋念申译。海口:南海出版公司,2013年a。[Naipaul,V.S..lndia:A Wounded Civilization(yin du:shou shang de wen ming).Trans.Song Nianshen.Haikou:Nanhai Publishing House,2013a.]
——:《幽暗国度》,李保平译。海口:南海出版公司,2013年b。[—.An Area of Darkness(you an guo du).Trans.Li Baoping.Haikou:Nanhai Publishing House,2013b.]
---.India:A Million Mutinies Now.London:Heinemann,1990.
---.India:A Wounded Civilization.New York:Vintage Books,1978.
——:《奈保尔家书》,北塔常文琪译。杭州:浙江文艺出版社,2006年。[—.Letters between a Father and Son(nai bao er jia shu).Trans.Bei Ta and Chang Wenqi.Hangzhou:Zhejiang Literature and Art Publishing House,2006.]
——:《康拉德的黑暗我的黑暗》,张敏译。海口:南海出版公司,2015年。[---.Literary Occasions(kang la de de hei an wo de hei an).Trans.Zhang Min.Haikou:Nanhai Publishing House,2015.]
---.Reading and Writing:A Personal Account.New York:NYREV,Inc.,2000.
Nightingale,Peggy.Journey through Darkness:The Writing of V.S.Naipaul.St.Lucia:University of Queensland Press,1987.谭君强:《叙事学导论:从经典叙事到后经典叙事》。北京:高等教育出版社,2008年。[Tan,Junqiang.Introduction to Narratology:From Classical Narratology to Postclassical Narratology(xu shi xue dao lun:cong jing dian xu shi dao hou jing dian xu shi).Beijing:Higher Education Press,2008.]
索鲁:《维迪亚爵士的影子:一场跨越五大洲的友谊》,秦于理译。重庆:重庆出版社,2005年。[Theroux,Paul.Sir Vidia's Shadow(wei di ya jue shi de ying zi:yi chang kua yue wu da zhou de you yi).Trans.Qin Yuli.Chongqing:Chongqing Publishing House,2005.]
---.V.S.Naipaul:An Introduction to His Work.London:Andre Deutsch,1972.
Thorpe,M ichael.V.S.Naipaul.Edinburgh:Longman Group Ltd.,1976.
Winokur,Scott.“The Unsparing Vision of V.S Naipaul”,Ed.Feroza Jussaw alla.Conversations with V.S.Naipaul.M ississippi:University Press of M ississippi,1997.114-129.徐振杨茜陈祥波:《V.S.奈保尔印度书写的嬗变》。成都:四川大学出版社,2013年。[Xu,Zhen,Yang Qian,and Cheng Xiangbo.V.S.Naipaul's Transformation in Indian Writing(V.S.nai bao er yin du shu xie de shan bian).Chengdu:Sichuan University Press,2013.]
杨中举:《奈保尔:跨界生存与多重叙事》。上海:东方出版中心,2009年。[Yang,Zhongju.Naipaul:Trans-Boundary Survival and Multiple Narrative(nai bao er:kua jie sheng cun yu duo chong xu shi).Shanghai:Orient Publishing Center,2009.]
尹锡南:《英国文学中的印度》。成都:巴蜀书社,2008年。[Yin,Xi'nan.India in English Literature(ying yu wen xue zhong de yin du).Chengdu:Bashu Publishing House,2008.]
赵一凡:《西方文论关键词》。北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2006年。[Zhao,Yifan.Key Words of Western Literary Theories(xi fang wen lun guan jian ci).Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press,2006.]
赵毅衡:《苦恼的叙述者》。成都:四川文艺出版社,2013年。[Zhao,Yiheng.The Uneasy Narrator(ku nao de xu shu zhe).Chengdu:Sichuan Literature and Art Publishing House,2013.]
(1)文中所引译文凡未说明者,均为笔者自译。