独山泥炭藓沼泽湿地五种泥炭藓植物持水特性研究
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摘要
泥炭藓植物是泥炭藓沼泽湿地生态系统中的主要成分,具有很强的持水能力,发挥着重要的生态功能。然而,沼泽湿地泥炭藓植物生态位重叠率高,很少有人关注其种间持水能力的差异。本研究选取独山泥炭藓沼泽湿地习见的五种泥炭藓植物,采用室内浸泡法,探究它们的持水特性。研究结果表明:泥炭藓单位面积持水量最大为364.64 t/hm2;卵叶泥炭藓吸水能力最强,能吸收自身质量26.61倍的水分;持水率大小依次为:卵叶泥炭藓(2 661%)>多纹泥炭藓(2 611%)>偏叶泥炭藓(2 216%)>拟宽叶泥炭藓(1 984%)>泥炭藓(1 698%);失水率大小表现为:偏叶泥炭藓(1 281%)>拟宽叶泥炭藓(993%)>卵叶泥炭藓(945%)>多纹泥炭藓(762%)>泥炭藓(541%);五种泥炭藓植物持水量及持水率在1 h内增长最快,之后逐渐减缓;五种泥炭藓植物中偏叶泥炭藓失水率增长最快,其余四种失水率以比较平稳的速度增加,它们的失水率均符合y=klnx+b关系式;吸水速率及失水速率与时间的关系为Y=kxb。本研究可为贵州独山县都柳江源湿地省级自然保护区泥炭藓植物多样性保护、泥炭藓水文功能研究及沼泽湿地生态环境恢复研究提供科学依据。
Sphagnum plant is the main ingredient in Sphagnum swamp wetland ecosystem. It has strong ability of holding water and plays an important role in ecological function. However, the overlap rate of swampy Sphagnum plant ecological niche is high, few people pays close attention to its interspecific differences in water holding capacity. This research selected 5 common species of Sphagnum plants of Du Shan marsh wetland. Through quantitative evaluation of their holding water characteristics by indoor soaking method, studied their water holding characteristics The results showed that Sphagnum palustre water holding capacity per-unit area up to 364.64 t/hm2;The strongest specific retention comes from S. ovatum, it can absorb its 26.61 times the mass of the water; The specificretention in the order: S. ovatum(2 661%)>S. multifibrosum(2 611%)>S. subsecundum(2 216%)>S. platyphylloides(194%)>S. palustre(1 698%). Water loss rate in the order: S. subsecundum(1 281%)>S. platyphylloides(993%)>S. ovatum(945%)>S. multifibrosum(762%)>S. palustre(541%). 5 species of sphagnum plant water holding capacity and specific retention fastest growing within 1 h. and then, it slowed down; In 5 kinds of Sphagnum plant, the water loss rate of S. subsecundum grew the fastest. The water loss rate of other kinds increased at a steady speed, their relational expression were both accorded with the y=klnx+b; Relationship between water absorption rate, water loss rate and their time was accorded with Y=kxb. Research results can be used for the scientific basis of Sphagnum plant diversity protection. This study could be used for the protection of plant diversification and hydrological function research of Sphagnum, provided scientific basis for ecological environment restoration of marsh wetland in Duliu River Wetland Nature Reserve in Dushan, Guizhou.
Sphagnum plant is the main ingredient in Sphagnum swamp wetland ecosystem. It has strong ability of holding water and plays an important role in ecological function. However, the overlap rate of swampy Sphagnum plant ecological niche is high, few people pays close attention to its interspecific differences in water holding capacity. This research selected 5 common species of Sphagnum plants of Du Shan marsh wetland. Through quantitative evaluation of their holding water characteristics by indoor soaking method, studied their water holding characteristics The results showed that Sphagnum palustre water holding capacity per-unit area up to 364.64 t/hm2;The strongest specific retention comes from S. ovatum, it can absorb its 26.61 times the mass of the water; The specificretention in the order: S. ovatum(2 661%)>S. multifibrosum(2 611%)>S. subsecundum(2 216%)>S. platyphylloides(194%)>S. palustre(1 698%). Water loss rate in the order: S. subsecundum(1 281%)>S. platyphylloides(993%)>S. ovatum(945%)>S. multifibrosum(762%)>S. palustre(541%). 5 species of sphagnum plant water holding capacity and specific retention fastest growing within 1 h. and then, it slowed down; In 5 kinds of Sphagnum plant, the water loss rate of S. subsecundum grew the fastest. The water loss rate of other kinds increased at a steady speed, their relational expression were both accorded with the y=klnx+b; Relationship between water absorption rate, water loss rate and their time was accorded with Y=kxb. Research results can be used for the scientific basis of Sphagnum plant diversity protection. This study could be used for the protection of plant diversification and hydrological function research of Sphagnum, provided scientific basis for ecological environment restoration of marsh wetland in Duliu River Wetland Nature Reserve in Dushan, Guizhou.
引文
Bao W.K.,Wang C.M.,and Wu N.,2004,Change of water holding and conservation capacity of eight species of bryophytes under subalpine coniferous forests in Eastern Tibetan Plateau,Ziran Ziyuan Xuebao(Journal of Natural Resources),19(2):190-194(包维楷,王春明,吴宁,2004,青藏高原东部针叶林下8种藓类植物的持水和保水能力比较研究,自然资源学报,19(2):190-194)
Che Z.X.,Liu X.D.,Jin W.M.,Wang S.L.,Luo L.F.,and Ge S.L.,2006,Vertical distribution characteristics and hydrological function analysis of bryophytes in Qilian mountains forest areas,Shuitu Baochi Xuebao(Journal of Soil and Water Conservation),20(6):71-74(车宗玺,刘贤德,敬文茂,王顺利,罗龙发,葛双兰,2006,祁连山林区苔藓垂直分布特征与水文功能分析,水土保持学报,20(6):71-74)
Chen B.H.,Chen Q.B.,Li Q.P.,Mao K.H.,Wen C.F.,and Bo W.,2013,Functional analysis of bryophytes and its gardening product development,Beifang Yuanyi(Northern Horticulture),(8):90-93(陈兵红,陈俏彪,李秋萍,毛可红,温从发,柏文,2013,苔藓植物功能分析及其园林产品开发,北方园艺,(8):90-93)
Douma J.C.,van Wijk M.T.,Lang S.I.,and Shaver G.R.,2007,The contribution of mosses to the carbon and water exchange of Arctic ecosystems:quantification and relationships with system properties,Plant,Cell&Environment,30(10):1205-1215
Hu R.L.,ed.,1987,Moss botany,Higher Education Press,Shang hai,China,pp.1(胡人亮,主编,1987,苔藓植物学,高等教育出版社,中国,上海,pp.1)
Li Y.F.,and Liu H.Y.,2014,Advance in wetland classification and wetland landscape classification researches,Shidi Kexue(Wetland Science),12(1):102-108(李玉凤,刘红玉,2014,湿地分类和湿地景观分类研究进展,湿地科学,12(1):102-108)
Liu Y.,Pi C.Y.,and Tian S.,2015,Relationships between characteristics of ground bryophyte communities and environmental factors in urban area of Chongqing,China,Yingyong Shengtai Xuebao(Chinese Joumal of Applied Ecology),26(10):3145-3152(刘艳,皮春燕,田尚,2015,重庆主城区地面苔藓植物群落特征及其与环境的关系,应用生态学报,26(10):3145-3152)
Liu Z.W.,Chen R.S.,Song Y.X.,and Han C.T.,2014,Water holding capacity of mosses under alpine shrubs in Qilian mountains,Ganhanqu Dili(Arid Land Geography),37(4):696-703(刘章文,陈仁升,宋耀选,韩春坛,2014,祁连山高寒灌丛苔藓持水性能,干旱区地理,37(4):696-703)
Pan G.,Ren Y.H.,Bianbaduoji,and Zhao P.Y.,2008,The water holding capacity of moss and litter layers of Abies georgei forest of Mount Sejila in Tibet,Shuitu Baochi Yanjiu(Research of Soil and Water Conservation),15(5):81-87(潘刚,任毅华,边巴多吉,赵佩艳,2008,西藏色季拉山急尖长苞冷杉林枯枝落叶及苔藓层的生物量与持水性能,水土保持研究,15(5):81-87)
Rovere A.E.,and Calabrese G.M.,2011,Moss diversity in degraded environments under restoring in the Lago Puelo National Park(Chubut,Argentina),Revista Chilena De Historia Natural,84(4):571-580
Tang J.,Xie S.X.,and Hao J.X.,2014,The research on the stability of forest communities of Duliu river wetland nature reserve in Dushang County,Guizhou Province,Guizhou Linye Keji(Guizhou Forestry Science and Technology),42(3):18-23(唐静,谢双喜,郝加孝,2014,贵州独山都柳江源湿地自然保护区森林群落稳定性研究,贵州林业科技,42(3):18-23)
Wu J.Q.,Ma W.W.,and Li G.,2016,Nitrogen characteristics of peat landunder different degradation states in Gannan Gahai peatland,Shuitu Baochi Tongbao(Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation),36(5):107-112(吴江琪,马维伟,李广,2016,甘南尕海泥炭地不同退化状态下氮素的特征,水土保持通报,36(5):107-112)
Wu Y.H.,Cheng G.D.,and Gao Q.,2003,Bryophyte's ecology functions and its significances in revegetation,Zhongguo Shamo(Journal of Desert Research),23(3):215-220(吴玉环,程国栋,高谦,2003,苔藓植物的生态功能及在植被恢复与重建中的作用,中国沙漠,23(3):215-220)
Xu Z.F.,Hu T.X.,Zhang Y.B.,Wang K.Y.,Zhang L.,and Xian J.R.,2008,Water holding characteristics of western Sichuan,Changjiang Liuyu Ziyuan Yu Huanjing(Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin),17(1):112-116(徐振锋,胡庭兴,张远彬,王开运,张力,鲜骏仁,2008,川西亚高山几种天然林下苔藓层的持水特性,长江流域资源与环境,17(1):112-116)
Ye J.,Hao Z.Q.,and Jiang P.,2004,Studies on rainfall holding process of the bryophyte and litter layer in coniferous forest of Changbai Mountain,Shengtai Xuebao(Acta Ecologica Sinica),24(12):2859-2862(叶吉,郝占庆,姜萍,2004,长白山暗针叶林苔藓枯落物层的降雨截留过程,生态学报,24(12):2859-2862)
Zhang H.J.,Cheng J.H.,Shi Y.H.,Qi S.L.,He F.,Pan L.,and Cheng Y.,2003,Water conserving function of moss on forest stands in the three gorges area,Changjiang Liuyu Ziyuan Yu Huanjing(Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin),12(5):457-461(张洪江,程金花,史玉虎,祁生林,何凡,潘磊,程云,2003,三峡库区几种林下苔藓的保水功能,长江流域资源与环境,12(5):457-461)
Zhang X.Q.,Zeng J.J.,Chen J.W.,Luo Z.W.,and Sun M.,2012,The saxicolous moss's features of absorbing water and its structural adaptability in the heterogeneous environment with rock desertification,Shengtai Xuebao(Acta Ecologica Sinica),32(12):3902-3911(张显强,曾建军,谌金吾,罗正伟,孙敏,2012,石漠化干旱环境中石生藓类水分吸收特征及其结构适应性,生态学报,32(12):3902-3911)
Zheng X.X.,Bu Z.J.,Ma J.Z.,Zhao G.L.,Zeng J.,and Li S.L.,2012,Effects of water level and competition on the growth of three sphagnum species,Hangzhou Shifan Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Hangzhou Normal University),11(6):485-489(郑星星,卜兆君,马进泽,赵高林,曾竞,李善麟,2012,水位和竞争对三种泥炭藓生长的影响,杭州师范大学学报(自然科学版),11(6):485-489)
Che Z.X.,Liu X.D.,Jin W.M.,Wang S.L.,Luo L.F.,and Ge S.L.,2006,Vertical distribution characteristics and hydrological function analysis of bryophytes in Qilian mountains forest areas,Shuitu Baochi Xuebao(Journal of Soil and Water Conservation),20(6):71-74(车宗玺,刘贤德,敬文茂,王顺利,罗龙发,葛双兰,2006,祁连山林区苔藓垂直分布特征与水文功能分析,水土保持学报,20(6):71-74)
Chen B.H.,Chen Q.B.,Li Q.P.,Mao K.H.,Wen C.F.,and Bo W.,2013,Functional analysis of bryophytes and its gardening product development,Beifang Yuanyi(Northern Horticulture),(8):90-93(陈兵红,陈俏彪,李秋萍,毛可红,温从发,柏文,2013,苔藓植物功能分析及其园林产品开发,北方园艺,(8):90-93)
Douma J.C.,van Wijk M.T.,Lang S.I.,and Shaver G.R.,2007,The contribution of mosses to the carbon and water exchange of Arctic ecosystems:quantification and relationships with system properties,Plant,Cell&Environment,30(10):1205-1215
Hu R.L.,ed.,1987,Moss botany,Higher Education Press,Shang hai,China,pp.1(胡人亮,主编,1987,苔藓植物学,高等教育出版社,中国,上海,pp.1)
Li Y.F.,and Liu H.Y.,2014,Advance in wetland classification and wetland landscape classification researches,Shidi Kexue(Wetland Science),12(1):102-108(李玉凤,刘红玉,2014,湿地分类和湿地景观分类研究进展,湿地科学,12(1):102-108)
Liu Y.,Pi C.Y.,and Tian S.,2015,Relationships between characteristics of ground bryophyte communities and environmental factors in urban area of Chongqing,China,Yingyong Shengtai Xuebao(Chinese Joumal of Applied Ecology),26(10):3145-3152(刘艳,皮春燕,田尚,2015,重庆主城区地面苔藓植物群落特征及其与环境的关系,应用生态学报,26(10):3145-3152)
Liu Z.W.,Chen R.S.,Song Y.X.,and Han C.T.,2014,Water holding capacity of mosses under alpine shrubs in Qilian mountains,Ganhanqu Dili(Arid Land Geography),37(4):696-703(刘章文,陈仁升,宋耀选,韩春坛,2014,祁连山高寒灌丛苔藓持水性能,干旱区地理,37(4):696-703)
Pan G.,Ren Y.H.,Bianbaduoji,and Zhao P.Y.,2008,The water holding capacity of moss and litter layers of Abies georgei forest of Mount Sejila in Tibet,Shuitu Baochi Yanjiu(Research of Soil and Water Conservation),15(5):81-87(潘刚,任毅华,边巴多吉,赵佩艳,2008,西藏色季拉山急尖长苞冷杉林枯枝落叶及苔藓层的生物量与持水性能,水土保持研究,15(5):81-87)
Rovere A.E.,and Calabrese G.M.,2011,Moss diversity in degraded environments under restoring in the Lago Puelo National Park(Chubut,Argentina),Revista Chilena De Historia Natural,84(4):571-580
Tang J.,Xie S.X.,and Hao J.X.,2014,The research on the stability of forest communities of Duliu river wetland nature reserve in Dushang County,Guizhou Province,Guizhou Linye Keji(Guizhou Forestry Science and Technology),42(3):18-23(唐静,谢双喜,郝加孝,2014,贵州独山都柳江源湿地自然保护区森林群落稳定性研究,贵州林业科技,42(3):18-23)
Wu J.Q.,Ma W.W.,and Li G.,2016,Nitrogen characteristics of peat landunder different degradation states in Gannan Gahai peatland,Shuitu Baochi Tongbao(Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation),36(5):107-112(吴江琪,马维伟,李广,2016,甘南尕海泥炭地不同退化状态下氮素的特征,水土保持通报,36(5):107-112)
Wu Y.H.,Cheng G.D.,and Gao Q.,2003,Bryophyte's ecology functions and its significances in revegetation,Zhongguo Shamo(Journal of Desert Research),23(3):215-220(吴玉环,程国栋,高谦,2003,苔藓植物的生态功能及在植被恢复与重建中的作用,中国沙漠,23(3):215-220)
Xu Z.F.,Hu T.X.,Zhang Y.B.,Wang K.Y.,Zhang L.,and Xian J.R.,2008,Water holding characteristics of western Sichuan,Changjiang Liuyu Ziyuan Yu Huanjing(Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin),17(1):112-116(徐振锋,胡庭兴,张远彬,王开运,张力,鲜骏仁,2008,川西亚高山几种天然林下苔藓层的持水特性,长江流域资源与环境,17(1):112-116)
Ye J.,Hao Z.Q.,and Jiang P.,2004,Studies on rainfall holding process of the bryophyte and litter layer in coniferous forest of Changbai Mountain,Shengtai Xuebao(Acta Ecologica Sinica),24(12):2859-2862(叶吉,郝占庆,姜萍,2004,长白山暗针叶林苔藓枯落物层的降雨截留过程,生态学报,24(12):2859-2862)
Zhang H.J.,Cheng J.H.,Shi Y.H.,Qi S.L.,He F.,Pan L.,and Cheng Y.,2003,Water conserving function of moss on forest stands in the three gorges area,Changjiang Liuyu Ziyuan Yu Huanjing(Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin),12(5):457-461(张洪江,程金花,史玉虎,祁生林,何凡,潘磊,程云,2003,三峡库区几种林下苔藓的保水功能,长江流域资源与环境,12(5):457-461)
Zhang X.Q.,Zeng J.J.,Chen J.W.,Luo Z.W.,and Sun M.,2012,The saxicolous moss's features of absorbing water and its structural adaptability in the heterogeneous environment with rock desertification,Shengtai Xuebao(Acta Ecologica Sinica),32(12):3902-3911(张显强,曾建军,谌金吾,罗正伟,孙敏,2012,石漠化干旱环境中石生藓类水分吸收特征及其结构适应性,生态学报,32(12):3902-3911)
Zheng X.X.,Bu Z.J.,Ma J.Z.,Zhao G.L.,Zeng J.,and Li S.L.,2012,Effects of water level and competition on the growth of three sphagnum species,Hangzhou Shifan Daxue Xuebao(Journal of Hangzhou Normal University),11(6):485-489(郑星星,卜兆君,马进泽,赵高林,曾竞,李善麟,2012,水位和竞争对三种泥炭藓生长的影响,杭州师范大学学报(自然科学版),11(6):485-489)