长白山哈泥泥炭地持久孢子库的实验证据
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摘要
有性繁殖体库对于植物种群的长存具有重要意义,迄今为止,泥炭地尚无苔藓植物长期的持久孢子库的直接实验证据。在长白山哈泥泥炭地,钻取50 cm表层泥炭样品,运用落叶松测年法推算泥炭地地层泥炭藓孢子的埋藏时间,经逐层提取和培养尖叶泥炭藓孢子,研究埋藏时间对孢子萌发率的影响。结果表明,随着埋藏时间的增加,尖叶泥炭藓孢子萌发率呈现对数函数递减的趋势。研究获得泥炭地苔藓植物具有长期的持久孢子库的实验证据,即埋藏112年的尖叶泥炭藓孢子仍具萌发潜力。据推算,泥炭藓孢子最大寿命可达396.4年。
Sexual propagule bank is of great importance for persistence of plant populations.To this day,no direct experiment proof of long-term persistent spore bank of bryophytes in peatlands was reported.In Hani Peatland of the Changbai Mountains,a 50 cm deep peat core was drilled and burial time of spores in peat layers was estimated by larch dating method.After the spores of Sphagnum capillifolium being extracted from the peat layer by layer,the spores were cultivated to investigate the effect of burial time on spore germination rate.The results showed that,with the increase of burial time,the germination rate of Sphagnum spores decreased exponentially.The results indicated that there was a long-term persistent spore bank in peatlands since spores of S.capillifolium still have the potential to germinate after 112 years of burial.According to our calculation,the maximum longevity in spores of S.capillifolium could be up to 396.4 years.
Sexual propagule bank is of great importance for persistence of plant populations.To this day,no direct experiment proof of long-term persistent spore bank of bryophytes in peatlands was reported.In Hani Peatland of the Changbai Mountains,a 50 cm deep peat core was drilled and burial time of spores in peat layers was estimated by larch dating method.After the spores of Sphagnum capillifolium being extracted from the peat layer by layer,the spores were cultivated to investigate the effect of burial time on spore germination rate.The results showed that,with the increase of burial time,the germination rate of Sphagnum spores decreased exponentially.The results indicated that there was a long-term persistent spore bank in peatlands since spores of S.capillifolium still have the potential to germinate after 112 years of burial.According to our calculation,the maximum longevity in spores of S.capillifolium could be up to 396.4 years.
引文
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17.Rudolph H,Kirchhoff M,Gliesmann S.Sphagnum culturetechniques[M].//Glime J M.Methods in Bryology.Nichi-nan:Hattori Botanical Laboratory,1988:25-34.
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19.Verhoeven J T A,Liefveld W M.The ecological significanceof organochemical compounds in Sphagnum[J].Acta Bo-tanica Neerlandica,1997,46:117-130.
20.Ooi M K J.Seed bank persistence and climate change[J].Seed Science Research,2012,22:53-60.
21.Jonsson B G.The bryophyte diaspore bank and its role aftersmall-scale disturbance in a boreal forest[J].Journal ofVegetation Science,1993,4:819-826.
22.Turetsky M R,Kane E S,Harden J W,et al.More severeburning and accelerated carbon losses due to a changing bo-real fire regime[J].Nature Geoscience,2011,4:27-31.
2.Baker H G.Some aspects of the natural history of seedbanks[M].//Leck M A,Parker V T,Simpson R L.Ecolo-gy of Soil Seed Banks.San Diego:Academic Press,1989.
3.Fenner M,Thompson K.The Ecology of Seeds[M].NewYork:Cambridge University Press,2005.
4.During H J.Bryophyte diaspore banks[J].Advances inBryology.1997,6:103-134.
5.Furness S B,Hall R H.An explanation of the intermittentoccurrence of Physcomitrium sphaericum(Hedw.)Brid[J].Journal of Bryology,1981,11:733-744.
6.Miles C J,Longton R E.The role of spores in reproductionin mosses[J].Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society,1990,104:149-173.
7.Paschke M.Sporenkeimung und Protonemaregeneration ausBlattzellen bei 55 Jahre alten Pflnchen von Physcomitriumpiriforme(L.)Brid[J].Die Naturwissenschaften,1965,52:16.
8.Mogensen G S.The spore[M].//Schuster R M.New Manualof Bryology.Nichinan:Hattori Botanical Laboratory,1983.
9.Clymo R S,Duckett J G.Regeneration of Sphagnum[J].New Phytologist,1986,102:589-614.
10.Sundberg S,Rydin H.Experimental evidence for a persis-tent spore bank in Sphagnum[J].New Phytologist,2000,148:105-116.
11.Ohlson M,Dahlberg B.Rate of peat increment in hummockand lawn communities on Swedish mires during the last 150years[J].Oikos,1991,61:369-378.
12.Gunnarsson U,Bronge L B,Rydin H,et al.Near-zero recentcarbon accumulation in a bog with high nitrogen deposition inSW Sweden[J].Global Change Biology,2008,14:2152-2165.
13.Thompson K,Bakker J P,Bekker R M.The soil seed banksof north-west Europe:methodology,density and longevity[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1997.
14.乔石英.长白山西麓哈尼泥炭沼泽初探[J].地理科学,1993,13:279-286.
15.Sundberg S,Rydin H.Spore number in Sphagnum and itsdependence on spore and capsule size[J].Journal of Bryol-ogy,1998,20:1-16.
16.中国科学院昆明植物研究所编著.云南植物志:第18卷[M].北京:科学出版社,2002,18:9.
17.Rudolph H,Kirchhoff M,Gliesmann S.Sphagnum culturetechniques[M].//Glime J M.Methods in Bryology.Nichi-nan:Hattori Botanical Laboratory,1988:25-34.
18.Thompson K,Grime J P.Seasonal variation in the seedbanks of herbaceous species in ten contrasting habitats[J].Journal of Ecology,1978,67:893-921.
19.Verhoeven J T A,Liefveld W M.The ecological significanceof organochemical compounds in Sphagnum[J].Acta Bo-tanica Neerlandica,1997,46:117-130.
20.Ooi M K J.Seed bank persistence and climate change[J].Seed Science Research,2012,22:53-60.
21.Jonsson B G.The bryophyte diaspore bank and its role aftersmall-scale disturbance in a boreal forest[J].Journal ofVegetation Science,1993,4:819-826.
22.Turetsky M R,Kane E S,Harden J W,et al.More severeburning and accelerated carbon losses due to a changing bo-real fire regime[J].Nature Geoscience,2011,4:27-31.