不同抚育间伐强度对兴安落叶松林分平均直径和树高生长的影响
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摘要
以内蒙古大兴安岭林区兴安落叶松天然次生林为研究对象,设置4种间伐强度(10%、20%、30%、40%和对照)的试验固定样地,探讨间伐强度对其影响。结果表明,兴安落叶松林经不同间伐强度间伐5a后,林分的平均胸径生长量与对照样地相比都有非常明显的增加,分别比对照样地增加0.15、0.34、0.48cm和0.63cm,40%的间伐强度对提高林分平均胸径生长量最显著;林分的平均树高比对照也有明显的增加,平均树高生长量分别比对照增加0.01、0.02、0.20m和0.25m,但4个强度之间影响差异不明显;不同间伐强度对林分蓄积增长量也存在一定影响,其中30%的间伐强度处理的样地林分蓄积量最大;此外,林分株数密度越小,林木枯死率越低。抚育间伐后保留木的生长空间和营养空间得到有效改善,林分胸径和树高生长量随间伐强度增大而增加,但不同间伐强度树高生长量和蓄积量差异不显著。
Taking the natural secondary forest of Larix gmelinii in Daxing'anling mountaineous forest region of Inner Mongolia as the research object,4 kinds of thinning intensities(10%,20%,30%,40%)were set up to study the effect of thinning intensity on the forest development.The results showed that average growth DBH of stands of L.gmelinii forest significantly increased compared with the control(not thinning)5 years after thinning,in which the amouns of increase of DBH under four thinning intensities were 0.15,0.34,0.48,and 0.63 cm,respectively.Thinning intensity 40%demonstrated the most significant increase in DBH growth of the stands.The average height of the trees also increased obviously compared with the control,and the average height growth of the trees increased 0.01,0.02,0.20 and 0.25 m more than the control under four thinning intensities.But the differences among the four thinning intensities were not significant.Different thinning intensities also had some effects on the volume growth,in which 30%thinning intensity had the highest accumulation.In addition,the smaller the number of plant stand density,the lower the mortality of trees.The growth and nutrition space of trees remained after tending thinning were effectively improved.The DBHof the stands and tree height growth increased with the increase of thinning intensity.However,there was no significant difference in tree height growth and accumulation under different thinning intensities.
Taking the natural secondary forest of Larix gmelinii in Daxing'anling mountaineous forest region of Inner Mongolia as the research object,4 kinds of thinning intensities(10%,20%,30%,40%)were set up to study the effect of thinning intensity on the forest development.The results showed that average growth DBH of stands of L.gmelinii forest significantly increased compared with the control(not thinning)5 years after thinning,in which the amouns of increase of DBH under four thinning intensities were 0.15,0.34,0.48,and 0.63 cm,respectively.Thinning intensity 40%demonstrated the most significant increase in DBH growth of the stands.The average height of the trees also increased obviously compared with the control,and the average height growth of the trees increased 0.01,0.02,0.20 and 0.25 m more than the control under four thinning intensities.But the differences among the four thinning intensities were not significant.Different thinning intensities also had some effects on the volume growth,in which 30%thinning intensity had the highest accumulation.In addition,the smaller the number of plant stand density,the lower the mortality of trees.The growth and nutrition space of trees remained after tending thinning were effectively improved.The DBHof the stands and tree height growth increased with the increase of thinning intensity.However,there was no significant difference in tree height growth and accumulation under different thinning intensities.
引文
[1]白艳.不同采伐方式对兴安落叶松林分特征及其植物多样性的影响[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2012.
[2]玉宝,张秋良,乌吉斯古楞,等.兴安落叶松过伐林结构优化技术[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2015.
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[5]邓仕坚,张家武,陈楚莹,等.间伐强度对杉木-火力楠混交林生长影响的研究初报[J].应用生态学报,1995,6(3):231-236.
[6]周晓光.抚育间伐强度对马尾松公益林群落结构和生态服务功能的影响[D].长沙:中南林业科技大学,2014.
[7]段劼,马履一,贾黎明,等.抚育间伐对侧柏人工林及林下植被生长的影响[J].生态学报,2010,30(6):1431-1441.
[8]胡建伟,朱成秋.抚育间伐对森林环境的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,1999,27(3):65-67.
[9]李春义,马履一,王希群,等.抚育间伐对北京山区侧柏人工林林下植物多样性的短期影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2007,29(3):60-66.LI C Y,MA L Y,WANG X Q,et al.Short-term effects of tending on the undergrowth diversity of Platycladus orientalis plantations in Beijing mountainous areas[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2007,29(3):60-66.(in Chinese)
[10] JUODVALKIS A,KAIRIUKSTIS L,VASILIAUSKAS R.Effects of thinning on growth of six tree species innorth-temperate forests of Lithuania[J].European Journal of Forest Research,2005,124(3):187-192.
[11]殷鸣放,周立君,毕刚蕊,等.带状间伐对长白落叶松人工纯林诱导复层林效果评价[J].东北林业大学学报,2011,41(5):20-24.
[12]孙志虎,王庆成,梁淑娟,等.间伐和修枝对白桦天然林林木生长的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2004,32(6):11-12,18.
[13]潘辉,张金文,林顺德,等.不同间伐强度对巨尾桉林分生产力的影响研究[J].林业科学,2003,39(Supp.1):106-111.PAN H,ZHANG J W,LIN S D,et al.Effects of different thinning intensity on the stand productivity of Eucalyptus grandis×E.urophylla[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2003,39(Supp.1):106-111.(in Chinese)
[14] MONTES F,CAELLAS I,DEL RIO M,et al.The effects of thinning on the structural diversity of coppice forests[J].Annals of Forest Science,2004,61(8):771-779.
[15]徐有明,林汉,魏柏松,等.间伐强度对湿地松人工林木材质量的影响效应[J].东北林业大学学报,2002,30(2):38-42.
[16]苏芳莉,刘明国,谭学仁,等.辽东山区天然次生林间伐强度研究[J].西北林学院学报,2007,22(4):106-109.SU F L,LIU M G,TAN X R,et al.A sutdy on thinning density of natural secondary forest in Liao ning east[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2007,22(4):106-109.(in Chinese)
[17] JUODVALKIS A,KAIRIUKSTIS L,VASILIAUSKAS R.Effects of thinning on growth of six tree species in north-temperate forests of Lithuania[J].EuropeanJournal of Forest Research,2005,124(3):187-192.
[18]董希斌.采伐强度对落叶松生长量的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2001,29(1):44-47.
[19]黄鑫春.不同抚育间伐强度对辽东落叶松林生长的影响[J].林业资源管理,2016(1):65-71.
[20]MAKINEN H,ISOMAKI A.Thinning intensity and long-term changes in increment and stem form of Scots pine trees[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2004,203(1/3):21-34.
[21]贾忠奎,公宁宁,姚凯,等.间伐强度对塞罕坝华北落叶松人工林生长进程和生物量的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2012,40(3):5-7,31.JIA Z K,GONG N N,YAO K,et al.Effects of thinning intensity on the growth and biomass of Larixprincipis-rupprechtii plantation in Saihanba[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2012,40(3):5-7,31.(in Chinese)
[22]雷相东,陆元昌,张会儒,等.抚育间伐对落叶松云冷杉混交林的影响[J].林业科学,2005,41(4):78-85.LEI X D,LU Y C,ZHANG H R.et al.Effects of thinning on mixed stands of Larix olgensis,Abies nephrolepis and Picea jazoensis[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2005,41(4):78-85.(in Chinese)
[23]黄承标,马承彪,曹继钊,等.不同立地及间伐强度对马尾松人工幼林生长的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2013,28(1):141-145.HUANG C B,MA C B,CAO J Z,et al.Effects of different sites and intermediate cutting intensities on growth of planted young Pinus massoniana forests[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2013,28(1):141-145.(in Chinese)
[24] ZCHARA T.The influence of selective thinning on the young scots pine stand[J].Prace Instytutu Badawcezego Lesnictwa Seria A,2000,3:35-61.
[25]朱玉杰,董希斌.大兴安岭地区落叶松用材林不同抚育间伐强度经营效果评价[J].林业科学,2016,52(12):29-38.ZHU Y J,DONG X B.Evaluation of the effects of different thinning intensities on larch forest in Great Xing'an Mountains[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2016,52(12):29-38.(in Chinese)
[26]赵麟萱,刘兆刚,赵聪.间伐强度对大兴安岭天然落叶松林功能的影响[J].森林工程,2014,30(4):1-8.ZHAO L X,LIU Z G,ZHAO C.Effects of thinging intensity on the functions of natural larch forest in Great Xing'an Mountains[J].Forest Engineering,2014,30(4):1-8.(in Chinese)
[2]玉宝,张秋良,乌吉斯古楞,等.兴安落叶松过伐林结构优化技术[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2015.
[3]尤文忠,赵刚,张慧东,等.抚育间伐对蒙古栎次生林生长的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(1):0056-0064.YOU W Z,ZHAO G,ZHANG H D,et al.Effects of thinning on growth of mongolian oak(Quercus mongolica)secondary forests[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(1):0056-0064.(in Chinese)
[4]张水松,陈长发,吴克选,等.杉木林间伐强度试验20年生长效应的研究[J].林业科学,2005,41(5):56-65.ZHANG S S,CHEN C F,WU K X,et al.Growth effect of intermediate cuttings intensity experiment for twenty years in Cunninghamia lanceolata[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2005,41(5):56-65.(in Chinese)
[5]邓仕坚,张家武,陈楚莹,等.间伐强度对杉木-火力楠混交林生长影响的研究初报[J].应用生态学报,1995,6(3):231-236.
[6]周晓光.抚育间伐强度对马尾松公益林群落结构和生态服务功能的影响[D].长沙:中南林业科技大学,2014.
[7]段劼,马履一,贾黎明,等.抚育间伐对侧柏人工林及林下植被生长的影响[J].生态学报,2010,30(6):1431-1441.
[8]胡建伟,朱成秋.抚育间伐对森林环境的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,1999,27(3):65-67.
[9]李春义,马履一,王希群,等.抚育间伐对北京山区侧柏人工林林下植物多样性的短期影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2007,29(3):60-66.LI C Y,MA L Y,WANG X Q,et al.Short-term effects of tending on the undergrowth diversity of Platycladus orientalis plantations in Beijing mountainous areas[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2007,29(3):60-66.(in Chinese)
[10] JUODVALKIS A,KAIRIUKSTIS L,VASILIAUSKAS R.Effects of thinning on growth of six tree species innorth-temperate forests of Lithuania[J].European Journal of Forest Research,2005,124(3):187-192.
[11]殷鸣放,周立君,毕刚蕊,等.带状间伐对长白落叶松人工纯林诱导复层林效果评价[J].东北林业大学学报,2011,41(5):20-24.
[12]孙志虎,王庆成,梁淑娟,等.间伐和修枝对白桦天然林林木生长的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2004,32(6):11-12,18.
[13]潘辉,张金文,林顺德,等.不同间伐强度对巨尾桉林分生产力的影响研究[J].林业科学,2003,39(Supp.1):106-111.PAN H,ZHANG J W,LIN S D,et al.Effects of different thinning intensity on the stand productivity of Eucalyptus grandis×E.urophylla[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2003,39(Supp.1):106-111.(in Chinese)
[14] MONTES F,CAELLAS I,DEL RIO M,et al.The effects of thinning on the structural diversity of coppice forests[J].Annals of Forest Science,2004,61(8):771-779.
[15]徐有明,林汉,魏柏松,等.间伐强度对湿地松人工林木材质量的影响效应[J].东北林业大学学报,2002,30(2):38-42.
[16]苏芳莉,刘明国,谭学仁,等.辽东山区天然次生林间伐强度研究[J].西北林学院学报,2007,22(4):106-109.SU F L,LIU M G,TAN X R,et al.A sutdy on thinning density of natural secondary forest in Liao ning east[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2007,22(4):106-109.(in Chinese)
[17] JUODVALKIS A,KAIRIUKSTIS L,VASILIAUSKAS R.Effects of thinning on growth of six tree species in north-temperate forests of Lithuania[J].EuropeanJournal of Forest Research,2005,124(3):187-192.
[18]董希斌.采伐强度对落叶松生长量的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2001,29(1):44-47.
[19]黄鑫春.不同抚育间伐强度对辽东落叶松林生长的影响[J].林业资源管理,2016(1):65-71.
[20]MAKINEN H,ISOMAKI A.Thinning intensity and long-term changes in increment and stem form of Scots pine trees[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2004,203(1/3):21-34.
[21]贾忠奎,公宁宁,姚凯,等.间伐强度对塞罕坝华北落叶松人工林生长进程和生物量的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2012,40(3):5-7,31.JIA Z K,GONG N N,YAO K,et al.Effects of thinning intensity on the growth and biomass of Larixprincipis-rupprechtii plantation in Saihanba[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2012,40(3):5-7,31.(in Chinese)
[22]雷相东,陆元昌,张会儒,等.抚育间伐对落叶松云冷杉混交林的影响[J].林业科学,2005,41(4):78-85.LEI X D,LU Y C,ZHANG H R.et al.Effects of thinning on mixed stands of Larix olgensis,Abies nephrolepis and Picea jazoensis[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2005,41(4):78-85.(in Chinese)
[23]黄承标,马承彪,曹继钊,等.不同立地及间伐强度对马尾松人工幼林生长的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2013,28(1):141-145.HUANG C B,MA C B,CAO J Z,et al.Effects of different sites and intermediate cutting intensities on growth of planted young Pinus massoniana forests[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2013,28(1):141-145.(in Chinese)
[24] ZCHARA T.The influence of selective thinning on the young scots pine stand[J].Prace Instytutu Badawcezego Lesnictwa Seria A,2000,3:35-61.
[25]朱玉杰,董希斌.大兴安岭地区落叶松用材林不同抚育间伐强度经营效果评价[J].林业科学,2016,52(12):29-38.ZHU Y J,DONG X B.Evaluation of the effects of different thinning intensities on larch forest in Great Xing'an Mountains[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2016,52(12):29-38.(in Chinese)
[26]赵麟萱,刘兆刚,赵聪.间伐强度对大兴安岭天然落叶松林功能的影响[J].森林工程,2014,30(4):1-8.ZHAO L X,LIU Z G,ZHAO C.Effects of thinging intensity on the functions of natural larch forest in Great Xing'an Mountains[J].Forest Engineering,2014,30(4):1-8.(in Chinese)