起垄方式和垄间覆盖物互作对坡地烟田土壤理化性状及烤烟经济性状的影响
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摘要
为了探索适宜重庆市坡耕地植烟的保护耕作措施,采用田间试验,研究了起垄方式和垄间覆盖物互作对坡地烟田土壤理化性状及烤烟经济性状的影响。结果表明:1等高线起垄和垄间覆盖秸秆、等高线起垄和垄间种植黑麦草组合的烟株主要农艺性状较好,有利于烟株的生长发育;2等高线起垄和垄间覆盖秸秆、等高线起垄和垄间种植黑麦草组合能有效改善土壤理化性状;3烤烟经济性状表现为处理组合等高线起垄和垄间覆盖秸秆、等高线起垄和垄间种植黑麦草的烟叶产量、产值及上等烟比例较高,表现较优。综合分析,在坡地上植烟时,采用等高线起垄和垄间覆盖秸秆、种植黑麦草方式,不仅能保障烤烟的长势和产值,还有利于保持土壤养分,改善土壤的理化性状。
The objectives of this study were to investigate the influences of effects of ridging method and ridge covering interaction on soil physicochemical property of slope tobacco field and economic characters of flue-cured tobacco by field experiment to provide a theoretical basis for conservation tillage measures of Chongqing tobacco field slope area.The results showed that:( i) Agronomic characters of flue-cured tobacco of treatment combination contour ridging with straw mulching and contour ridging with planting ryegrass were better,which help to grow and development for flue-cured tobacco.( ii) Contour ridging with straw mulching and contour ridging with planting ryegrass can improve physicochemical property of soil.( iii) Output value and the ratio of fine tobacco of flue-cured tobacco of treatment combination contour ridging with straw mulching and contour ridging with planting ryegrass were higher.Comprehensive comparison suggested that tobacco field slope by contour ridging and straw mulching and planting ryegrass can not only ensure the growth and output value of flue-cured tobacco,but also keep soil nutrients,improve soil physicochemical property.
The objectives of this study were to investigate the influences of effects of ridging method and ridge covering interaction on soil physicochemical property of slope tobacco field and economic characters of flue-cured tobacco by field experiment to provide a theoretical basis for conservation tillage measures of Chongqing tobacco field slope area.The results showed that:( i) Agronomic characters of flue-cured tobacco of treatment combination contour ridging with straw mulching and contour ridging with planting ryegrass were better,which help to grow and development for flue-cured tobacco.( ii) Contour ridging with straw mulching and contour ridging with planting ryegrass can improve physicochemical property of soil.( iii) Output value and the ratio of fine tobacco of flue-cured tobacco of treatment combination contour ridging with straw mulching and contour ridging with planting ryegrass were higher.Comprehensive comparison suggested that tobacco field slope by contour ridging and straw mulching and planting ryegrass can not only ensure the growth and output value of flue-cured tobacco,but also keep soil nutrients,improve soil physicochemical property.
引文
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[20]吕祥敏,王鹏,戴亚,等.流动分析法测定烟田土壤中的速效钾和缓效钾[J].烟草科技,2007(3):36-38.
[21]郑波,殷寿安,胡万里,等.不同农艺措施对马龙坡耕地烤烟农艺性状影响[J].西南农业学报,2009,22(1):40-43.
[22]邱学礼,李军营,李向阳,等.云南曲靖烤烟坡耕地不同农作处理的水土流失特征[J].中国水土保持科学,2012,10(6):98-103.
[23]Seth M D.Cover Corp impacts on watershed hydrology[J].Soil and Water Conservation,1998,53(3):207-213.
[24]Wander M M,TRAINA S J,STINNER B R,et al.The effects of organic and conventional management effects on biologically active soil organic matter fraction[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1994,58:1130-1139.
[25]王育红,姚宇卿,吕军杰.残茬和秸秆覆盖对黄土坡耕地水土流失的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2002,20(4):109-115.
[2]邱学礼,段宗颜,胡万里,等.降水特征与农作处理对坡耕地水土流失的动态研究[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(1):82-85.
[3]刘秉正,李光录,吴发启,等.黄土高原南部土壤养分流失规律[J].水土保持学报,1995,9(2):77-86.
[4]向达兵,雍太文,杨文钰,等.不同种植模式对西南坡地水土保持及作物产值的影响[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(6):1461-1467.
[5]贾树龙,任图生.保护耕作研究进展及前景展望[J].中国生态农业学报,2003,11(3):152-154.
[6]国家烟草专卖局.YC/T 142-1998烟草农艺性状调查方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1998.
[7]鲍士旦.土壤农业化学分析(第三版)[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000:25-403.
[8]陆欣.土壤肥料学[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2002.
[9]李纯华.有机肥对紫色土容重及孔隙度的影响[J].绵阳经济技术高等专科学校学报,2000,17(2):23-24.
[10]周龚衡,段灿枝,余佳斌,等.根际酸度对烤烟生长与养分吸收的影响[J].土壤,2000,32(1):43-46.
[11]梁颁捷,林毅,朱其清,等.福建植烟土壤p H值与土壤有效养分的相关性[J].中国烟草科学,2001,22(1):25-27.
[12]胡国松,黄元炯,张明显,等.豫中烟区土壤养分状况评价[J].烟草科技,1997,19(4):33-35.
[13]宋为超,刘春雨,徐娇,等.初花后土壤碱解氮浓度对棉花生物量和氮素累积特征的影响[J].作物学报,2013,39(7):1257-1265.
[14]施春健,庄秋丽,李琪,等.东北地区不同纬度农田土壤碱解氮的剖面分布[J].生态学杂志,2007,26(4):501-504.
[15]郑德明,姜益娟,柳维扬.新疆棉田土壤速效养分的时空变异特征研究[J].棉花学报,2006,18(1):23-26.
[16]王艳杰,付桦.雾灵山地区土壤有机质全氮及碱解氮的关系[J].农业环境科学学报,2005,24(S):85-90.
[17]章爱群,贺立源,赵会娥,等.有机酸对土壤无机态磷转化和速效磷的影响[J].生态学报,2009,29(8):4061-4069.
[18]徐敏,刘国顺,刘小可.磷对不同烤烟品种调制后烟叶物理特性的影响[J].河南农业科学,2007(4):33-36.
[19]刘贯山,杨火炎.地膜覆盖、水分供应、磷肥种类和用量对烤烟早发的影响[J].中国烟草科学,1998,19(2):35-38.
[20]吕祥敏,王鹏,戴亚,等.流动分析法测定烟田土壤中的速效钾和缓效钾[J].烟草科技,2007(3):36-38.
[21]郑波,殷寿安,胡万里,等.不同农艺措施对马龙坡耕地烤烟农艺性状影响[J].西南农业学报,2009,22(1):40-43.
[22]邱学礼,李军营,李向阳,等.云南曲靖烤烟坡耕地不同农作处理的水土流失特征[J].中国水土保持科学,2012,10(6):98-103.
[23]Seth M D.Cover Corp impacts on watershed hydrology[J].Soil and Water Conservation,1998,53(3):207-213.
[24]Wander M M,TRAINA S J,STINNER B R,et al.The effects of organic and conventional management effects on biologically active soil organic matter fraction[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1994,58:1130-1139.
[25]王育红,姚宇卿,吕军杰.残茬和秸秆覆盖对黄土坡耕地水土流失的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2002,20(4):109-115.