山区坡地马铃薯不同起垄方式对土壤水分蓄积和产量的效果
|
摘要
山区坡地马铃薯种植中分别采用横向垄、纵向垄、网格垄和平地种植(CK),研究不同起垄方式对土壤水分蓄积和马铃薯产量的影响。结果表明,与对照(CK)平地种植相比,横向垄和网格垄降雨后不同时期土壤含水量提高,地表径流痕降低,促进马铃薯早出苗、早现蕾、早开花,出苗率提高,成熟期延迟、生育期延长,并提高了商品薯率和产量,而纵向垄降雨后不同时期土壤含水量有所降低,地表径流痕提高,使马铃薯晚出苗、晚现蕾、晚开花,降低了出苗率,成熟期提前、生育期缩短,并降低了商品薯率和产量。不同处理中网格垄的商品薯率和产量最高,较对照(CK)平地种植分别提高14.64%和39.67%。因此,在山区坡地马铃薯种植中建议利用横向垄或网格垄来蓄积雨水和增产提质。
Horizontal ridge, vertical ridge, grid ridge and level ground were used to plant potato in sloping field of mountain region, and the effects of different ridging modes on soil water accumulation and potato yield were studied.Compared with control(level ground), the soil moisture contents of horizontal ridge and grid ridge in different periods after rainfall were increased, and the runoff marks were decreased. Furthermore, the emergence, bud flower and flowering stages were advanced, the emergence percentages were increased, the maturities were postponed, and the growth durations were prolonged. Therefore, the marketable tuber percentage and yield were increased. On the contrary, the soil moisture content of vertical ridge in different periods after rainfall was decreased, and the runoff mark was increased. Besides, the emergence, bud flower and flowering stages were postponed, the emergence percentage was decreased, the maturity was advanced, and the growth duration was shortened. All of these led to decreased marketable tuber percentage and yield. Among different treatments, the marketable tuber percentage and yield of grid ridge were the highest, increasing 14.64% and 39.67%, respectively, comparing to control(level ground). Therefore, the horizontal ridge and grid ridge should be used to preserve water and increase potato yield and quality.
Horizontal ridge, vertical ridge, grid ridge and level ground were used to plant potato in sloping field of mountain region, and the effects of different ridging modes on soil water accumulation and potato yield were studied.Compared with control(level ground), the soil moisture contents of horizontal ridge and grid ridge in different periods after rainfall were increased, and the runoff marks were decreased. Furthermore, the emergence, bud flower and flowering stages were advanced, the emergence percentages were increased, the maturities were postponed, and the growth durations were prolonged. Therefore, the marketable tuber percentage and yield were increased. On the contrary, the soil moisture content of vertical ridge in different periods after rainfall was decreased, and the runoff mark was increased. Besides, the emergence, bud flower and flowering stages were postponed, the emergence percentage was decreased, the maturity was advanced, and the growth duration was shortened. All of these led to decreased marketable tuber percentage and yield. Among different treatments, the marketable tuber percentage and yield of grid ridge were the highest, increasing 14.64% and 39.67%, respectively, comparing to control(level ground). Therefore, the horizontal ridge and grid ridge should be used to preserve water and increase potato yield and quality.
引文
[1]杨帅,闵凡祥,高云飞,等.新世纪中国马铃薯产业发展现状及存在问题[J].中国马铃薯,2014,28(5):311-316.
[2]马东辉,赵长星,王月福,等.施氮量和花后土壤含水量对小麦旗叶光合特性和产量的影响[J].生态学报,2008,28(10):64-69.
[3]史淑娟,张亚丽,韩丽,等.烟草种植区坡耕地水土流失特征及影响因素[J].人民黄河,2014,36(2):75-77.
[4]官赛赛,于晓娜,李志鹏,等.起垄方式和垄间覆盖物互作对坡地烟田土壤理化性状及烤烟经济性状的影响[J].西南农业学报,2016,29(7):1573-1578.
[5]邱学礼,李军营,李向阳,等.云南曲靖烤烟坡耕地不同农作处理的水土流失特征[J].中国水土保持科学,2012,10(6):98-103.
[6]周丽敏,李凤民,刘长安.坡耕地起垄和埋设地槽对土壤水分和马铃薯产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2013,31(5):89-94.
[7]毕再昌,刘翠华.丘陵坡地起垄耕作能增产[J].河北农业,1994(5):38-42.
[8]肖强,蒙美莲,陈有君,等.肥料配施对阴山北麓旱区马铃薯产量和水分利用效率的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2014,32(6):118-124.
[2]马东辉,赵长星,王月福,等.施氮量和花后土壤含水量对小麦旗叶光合特性和产量的影响[J].生态学报,2008,28(10):64-69.
[3]史淑娟,张亚丽,韩丽,等.烟草种植区坡耕地水土流失特征及影响因素[J].人民黄河,2014,36(2):75-77.
[4]官赛赛,于晓娜,李志鹏,等.起垄方式和垄间覆盖物互作对坡地烟田土壤理化性状及烤烟经济性状的影响[J].西南农业学报,2016,29(7):1573-1578.
[5]邱学礼,李军营,李向阳,等.云南曲靖烤烟坡耕地不同农作处理的水土流失特征[J].中国水土保持科学,2012,10(6):98-103.
[6]周丽敏,李凤民,刘长安.坡耕地起垄和埋设地槽对土壤水分和马铃薯产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2013,31(5):89-94.
[7]毕再昌,刘翠华.丘陵坡地起垄耕作能增产[J].河北农业,1994(5):38-42.
[8]肖强,蒙美莲,陈有君,等.肥料配施对阴山北麓旱区马铃薯产量和水分利用效率的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2014,32(6):118-124.