齿盘式多行拔棉秆装置拔秆过程分析与参数优化
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摘要
为解决拔棉秆机漏拔、拔断、拔净率低等问题,基于电液控制技术设计了齿盘式多行拔棉秆台架并开展试验研究。采用ADAMS软件进行齿盘式拔棉秆装置运动仿真分析进而揭示拔秆机理;利用试验台架的调速比模式和调转速模式,通过单因素和多因素试验研究齿盘圆周线速度、拖拉机前进速度及齿盘圆周线速度与拖拉机前进速度之比(以下简称速比)对棉秆拔净率、拔断率和漏拔率的影响。试验结果表明,调速比和调转速2种模式的齿盘式多行拔棉秆台架满足设计要求,可开展多种条件下拔棉秆试验研究;齿盘对棉秆起拔力大小、方向及夹持时间影响拔秆效果,棉秆被夹持时间小于起拔时间易导致棉秆断裂,一定程度上增大齿盘圆周线速度有助于减少漏拔;速比、齿盘圆周线速度对棉秆拔净率、漏拔率和拔断率均有极显著影响,其中速比是影响棉秆拔净率最关键因素;速比最佳范围为0. 55～0. 80,齿盘圆周线速度最佳范围为0. 24～1. 10 m/s;齿盘倾角为6°、拖拉机前进速度为0. 85 m/s、速比0. 75时,棉秆拔净率最高,为93. 89%,满足设计要求,此时拔断率为4. 43%,漏拔率为1. 68%。
Cotton-stalk is an important renewable resource. With an annual output of 31. 5 million tons,China is rich in cotton-stalk,which has great potential economic benefits. Cotton-stalk uprooting is laborintensive and roller-type uprooter is not suitable for cotton planting patterns in China. Dentate disc cottonstalk uprooting device has good application prospect. Relevant research focused on cotton-stalk mechanical properties,uprooting force and uprooting device design,but lack of further research on cotton-stalk movement analysis and uprooting mechanism. It is urgent to carry out a deeper research on the technology and machinery of cotton-stalk uprooting. In order to solve the problem of omission,fracture and low pulling out rate of the cotton-stalk uprooting machine,a dentate disc multi-row cottonstalk uprooting device was designed based on the electrohydraulic control technology and corresponding tests were taken. ADAMS was used to simulate the movement of the device and further reveal the cottonstalk uprooting mechanism. Under two operation modes of the device( speed locking mode or speed ratio locking mode),univariate analysis and multivariate regression analysis method were used to investigate the influence of dentate disc circumference speed,tractor forward speed and speed ratio( dentate disc circumference speed by tractor forward speed) on the omission,fracture and low pulling out rate of cotton-stalk. The results showed that the device could meet the design requirements which can carry out cotton-stalk uprooting test under various conditions. The magnitude, direction and duration of the uprooting force could affect the uprooting results. When the clamping time was less than the uprooting time,it would easily cause cotton-stalk fracturing. Increasing the dentate disc circumference speed would contribute to a low omission rate. Speed ratio and dentate disc circumference speed both had significant impact on the pulling out rate,omission rate and fracture rate of cotton-stalk. The speed ratio was the most critical factor which determined the pulling out rate of cotton-stalk. The optimal speed ratio range was from 0. 55 to 0. 80,and the optimal dentate disc circumference speed range was from 0. 24 m/s to1. 10 m/s. When the dentate disc angle was 6°,the tractor forward speed was 0. 85 m/s,and the speed ratio was 0. 75,the pulling out rate of cotton-stalk reached its maximum value of 93. 89%,the fracture rate was 4. 43% and the omission rate was 1. 68%. The research result could provide a theoretical basis for optimizing structure and performance of cotton-stalk uprooting machine.
Cotton-stalk is an important renewable resource. With an annual output of 31. 5 million tons,China is rich in cotton-stalk,which has great potential economic benefits. Cotton-stalk uprooting is laborintensive and roller-type uprooter is not suitable for cotton planting patterns in China. Dentate disc cottonstalk uprooting device has good application prospect. Relevant research focused on cotton-stalk mechanical properties,uprooting force and uprooting device design,but lack of further research on cotton-stalk movement analysis and uprooting mechanism. It is urgent to carry out a deeper research on the technology and machinery of cotton-stalk uprooting. In order to solve the problem of omission,fracture and low pulling out rate of the cotton-stalk uprooting machine,a dentate disc multi-row cottonstalk uprooting device was designed based on the electrohydraulic control technology and corresponding tests were taken. ADAMS was used to simulate the movement of the device and further reveal the cottonstalk uprooting mechanism. Under two operation modes of the device( speed locking mode or speed ratio locking mode),univariate analysis and multivariate regression analysis method were used to investigate the influence of dentate disc circumference speed,tractor forward speed and speed ratio( dentate disc circumference speed by tractor forward speed) on the omission,fracture and low pulling out rate of cotton-stalk. The results showed that the device could meet the design requirements which can carry out cotton-stalk uprooting test under various conditions. The magnitude, direction and duration of the uprooting force could affect the uprooting results. When the clamping time was less than the uprooting time,it would easily cause cotton-stalk fracturing. Increasing the dentate disc circumference speed would contribute to a low omission rate. Speed ratio and dentate disc circumference speed both had significant impact on the pulling out rate,omission rate and fracture rate of cotton-stalk. The speed ratio was the most critical factor which determined the pulling out rate of cotton-stalk. The optimal speed ratio range was from 0. 55 to 0. 80,and the optimal dentate disc circumference speed range was from 0. 24 m/s to1. 10 m/s. When the dentate disc angle was 6°,the tractor forward speed was 0. 85 m/s,and the speed ratio was 0. 75,the pulling out rate of cotton-stalk reached its maximum value of 93. 89%,the fracture rate was 4. 43% and the omission rate was 1. 68%. The research result could provide a theoretical basis for optimizing structure and performance of cotton-stalk uprooting machine.
引文
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[6]李玉道,杜现军,宋占华,等.棉花秸秆剪切力学性能试验[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(2):124-128.LI Yudao,DU Xianjun,SONG Zhanhua,et al. Test of shear mechanical properties of cotton stalks[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2011,27(2):124-128.(in Chinese)
[7]杜现军,李玉道,颜世涛,等.棉秆力学性能试验[J].农业机械学报,2011,42(4):87-91.DU Xianjun,LI Yudao,YAN Shitao,et al. Mechanics characteristics of cotton stalks[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2011,42(4):87-91.(in Chinese)
[8]陈明江,王振伟,曲浩丽,等.棉秆弯曲和拉伸力学特性试验[J].中国农机化学报,2015,36(5):29-31.CHEN Mingjiang,WANG Zhenwei,QU Haoli,et al. Bending and tensile properties tests of the cotton stalk[J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2015,36(5):29-31.(in Chinese)
[9]陈明江,宋德平,王振伟,等.棉秆拉拔阻力的研究[J].农机化研究,2016,38(6):64-68.CHEN Mingjiang,SONG Deping,WANG Zhenwei,et al. Research on the cotton-stalk uprooting resistance[J]. Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2016,38(6):64-68.(in Chinese)
[10] DEMIAN T F. The pull and lift required to remove cotton stalks in the sudan[J]. Experimental Agriculture,1978,14(2):129.
[11]宋占华,肖静,张世福,等.曲柄连杆式棉秆切割试验台设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2011,42(增刊):162-167.SONG Zhanhua,XIAO Jing,ZHANG Shifu,et al. Design and experiment on crank-connecting rod cotton stalk cutting test bench[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2011,42(Supp.):162-167.(in Chinese)
[12] ZHANG Guzhong,LI Yi,LI Zhaodong. Measuring system of cotton stalk real-time pull force in the field based on Lab VIEW[C]∥ASABE 2014 Annual International Meeting,Paper 141912493,2014.
[13]何学迎.拉拔式棉秆拔秆装置的设计与试验研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2016.HE Xueying,Design and experimental research of cotton stalk pulling-out mechanism[D]. Changsha:Hunan Agricultural University,2016.(in Chinese)
[14] MOSTOFI S M R,MINAEE R. Evaluation of a cotton stalk puller performance[J]. American-Eurasian Journal of Sustainable Agricuture,2008,2(1):19-24.
[15] RAMADAN R Y Y. Development and evaluation of a cotton stalks puller[J]. Journal of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering,2010,1(10):1061-1073.
[16] MANIAN R,RAO M K,KATHIRVEL K,et al. Efficiency of cotton stalk puller as influenced by forward speed,wheel rotational speed and wheel tilt angle[J]. Agricultural Mechanization in Asia,Africa and Latin America,2004,35(1):37-40.
[17]王小瑜,荐世春,马继春,等.齿盘式拔棉秆机的仿真设计与运动分析[J].农业装备与车辆工程,2011,49(10):5-7.WANG Xiaoyu,JIAN Shichun,MA Jichun,et al. The simulation design and movement analysis of dentate disc cotton stalk pulling machine[J]. Agricultural Equipment&Vehicle Engineering,2011,49(10):5-7.(in Chinese)
[18]唐遵峰,韩增德,甘帮兴,等.不对行棉秆拔取收获台设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2010,41(10):80-85.TANG Zunfeng,HAN Zengde,GAN Bangxing,et al. Design and experiment on crank-connecting rod cotton stalk cutting test bench[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2010,41(10):80-85.(in Chinese)
[19]王锋德,陈志,董世平,等.自走式棉秆联合收获机设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2009,40(12):67-70.WANG Fengde,CHEN Zhi,DONG Shiping,et al. Exploiture and experiment of self-walking cotton-stalk combine harvester[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2009,40(12):67-70.(in Chinese)
[20]马继春,荐世春,周海鹏.齿盘式棉花秸秆整株拔取收获机的研究设计[J].农业装备与车辆工程,2010,48(8):3-5.MA Jichun,JIAN Shichun,ZHOU Haipeng. Design of zigzag disk harvester of cotton stem[J]. Agricultural Equipment&Vehicle Engineering,2010,48(8):3-5.(in Chinese)
[21] JB/T 12444—2015棉秆联合收割机[S]. 2015.
[22]王振伟.不对行棉秆收获台的研究与设计[D].淄博:山东理工大学,2014.WANG Zhenwei. The design and research on cotton stalk pulling head with regardless of row[D]. Zibo:Shandong University of Technology,2014.(in Chinese)
[23]贾健.拔棉柴机的设计研究[J].山西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2005,25(3):268-269.JIA Jian. Design on machines of dialing cotton sterm[J]. Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition),2005,25(3):268-269.(in Chinese)
[24]哈尔滨工业大学理论力学教研室.理论力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2010.
[25]李怡,张国忠,周勇,等.棉秆田间起拔力测量系统设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(18):43-50.LI Yi,ZHANG Guozhong,ZHOU Yong,et al. Design and field experiment of drawing resistance measurement system for cotton stalk[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2013,29(18):43-50.(in Chinese)
[26]杨海,周海波,冯小川,等.锯齿形双圆盘切割器切割原理分析与仿真[J].农机化研究,2011,33(9):23-26.YANG Hai,ZHOU Haibo,FENG Xiaochuan,et al. Cutting principle analysis and simulation of hackle dual-disc cutter bar[J]. Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2011,33(9):23-26.(in Chinese)
[27]卿上乐,颖刚华,刘庆庭.甘蔗收割机单圆盘切割器运动学分析[J].农业机械学报,2006,37(1):51-54.QING Shangle,YING Ganghua,LIU Qingting. Kinematics of single disc basecutter of sugarcane harvester[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2006,37(1):51-54.(in Chinese)
[28]万霖,车刚,汪春,等. 4QZR-30型青贮饲料收获机设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2008,39(3):187-190.
[2]沈茂,张国忠,周勇,等.我国棉柴机械收获技术现状综述[J].农机化研究,2009,31(5):1-5.SHEN Mao,ZHANG Guozhong,ZHOU Yong,et al. The review of the mechanization technology for cotton stalk harvesting in our country[J]. Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2009,31(5):1-5.(in Chinese)
[3]陈明江,平英华,曲浩丽,等.棉秆机械化收获技术与装备现状及发展对策[J].中国农机化学报,2012,33(5):23-26.CHEN Mingjiang,PING Yinghua,QU Haoli,et al. Status and devolopment countermeasures of mechanized cotton-stalk harvesting technologies and requiments[J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2012,33(5):23-26.(in Chinese)
[4] GEMTOS T A,TSIRICOGLOU T H. Harvesting of cotton residue for energy production[J]. Biomass&Bioenergy,1999,16(1):51-59.
[5]张振,秦翠兰,王磊元,等.棉秆资源利用现状分析[J].新疆农机化,2014(5):21-23.ZHANG Zhen,QIN Cuilan, WANG Leiyuan, et al. Cotton stalk resources research status[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Mechanization,2014(5):21-23.(in Chinese)
[6]李玉道,杜现军,宋占华,等.棉花秸秆剪切力学性能试验[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(2):124-128.LI Yudao,DU Xianjun,SONG Zhanhua,et al. Test of shear mechanical properties of cotton stalks[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2011,27(2):124-128.(in Chinese)
[7]杜现军,李玉道,颜世涛,等.棉秆力学性能试验[J].农业机械学报,2011,42(4):87-91.DU Xianjun,LI Yudao,YAN Shitao,et al. Mechanics characteristics of cotton stalks[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2011,42(4):87-91.(in Chinese)
[8]陈明江,王振伟,曲浩丽,等.棉秆弯曲和拉伸力学特性试验[J].中国农机化学报,2015,36(5):29-31.CHEN Mingjiang,WANG Zhenwei,QU Haoli,et al. Bending and tensile properties tests of the cotton stalk[J]. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,2015,36(5):29-31.(in Chinese)
[9]陈明江,宋德平,王振伟,等.棉秆拉拔阻力的研究[J].农机化研究,2016,38(6):64-68.CHEN Mingjiang,SONG Deping,WANG Zhenwei,et al. Research on the cotton-stalk uprooting resistance[J]. Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2016,38(6):64-68.(in Chinese)
[10] DEMIAN T F. The pull and lift required to remove cotton stalks in the sudan[J]. Experimental Agriculture,1978,14(2):129.
[11]宋占华,肖静,张世福,等.曲柄连杆式棉秆切割试验台设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2011,42(增刊):162-167.SONG Zhanhua,XIAO Jing,ZHANG Shifu,et al. Design and experiment on crank-connecting rod cotton stalk cutting test bench[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2011,42(Supp.):162-167.(in Chinese)
[12] ZHANG Guzhong,LI Yi,LI Zhaodong. Measuring system of cotton stalk real-time pull force in the field based on Lab VIEW[C]∥ASABE 2014 Annual International Meeting,Paper 141912493,2014.
[13]何学迎.拉拔式棉秆拔秆装置的设计与试验研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2016.HE Xueying,Design and experimental research of cotton stalk pulling-out mechanism[D]. Changsha:Hunan Agricultural University,2016.(in Chinese)
[14] MOSTOFI S M R,MINAEE R. Evaluation of a cotton stalk puller performance[J]. American-Eurasian Journal of Sustainable Agricuture,2008,2(1):19-24.
[15] RAMADAN R Y Y. Development and evaluation of a cotton stalks puller[J]. Journal of Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering,2010,1(10):1061-1073.
[16] MANIAN R,RAO M K,KATHIRVEL K,et al. Efficiency of cotton stalk puller as influenced by forward speed,wheel rotational speed and wheel tilt angle[J]. Agricultural Mechanization in Asia,Africa and Latin America,2004,35(1):37-40.
[17]王小瑜,荐世春,马继春,等.齿盘式拔棉秆机的仿真设计与运动分析[J].农业装备与车辆工程,2011,49(10):5-7.WANG Xiaoyu,JIAN Shichun,MA Jichun,et al. The simulation design and movement analysis of dentate disc cotton stalk pulling machine[J]. Agricultural Equipment&Vehicle Engineering,2011,49(10):5-7.(in Chinese)
[18]唐遵峰,韩增德,甘帮兴,等.不对行棉秆拔取收获台设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2010,41(10):80-85.TANG Zunfeng,HAN Zengde,GAN Bangxing,et al. Design and experiment on crank-connecting rod cotton stalk cutting test bench[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2010,41(10):80-85.(in Chinese)
[19]王锋德,陈志,董世平,等.自走式棉秆联合收获机设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2009,40(12):67-70.WANG Fengde,CHEN Zhi,DONG Shiping,et al. Exploiture and experiment of self-walking cotton-stalk combine harvester[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2009,40(12):67-70.(in Chinese)
[20]马继春,荐世春,周海鹏.齿盘式棉花秸秆整株拔取收获机的研究设计[J].农业装备与车辆工程,2010,48(8):3-5.MA Jichun,JIAN Shichun,ZHOU Haipeng. Design of zigzag disk harvester of cotton stem[J]. Agricultural Equipment&Vehicle Engineering,2010,48(8):3-5.(in Chinese)
[21] JB/T 12444—2015棉秆联合收割机[S]. 2015.
[22]王振伟.不对行棉秆收获台的研究与设计[D].淄博:山东理工大学,2014.WANG Zhenwei. The design and research on cotton stalk pulling head with regardless of row[D]. Zibo:Shandong University of Technology,2014.(in Chinese)
[23]贾健.拔棉柴机的设计研究[J].山西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2005,25(3):268-269.JIA Jian. Design on machines of dialing cotton sterm[J]. Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition),2005,25(3):268-269.(in Chinese)
[24]哈尔滨工业大学理论力学教研室.理论力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2010.
[25]李怡,张国忠,周勇,等.棉秆田间起拔力测量系统设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(18):43-50.LI Yi,ZHANG Guozhong,ZHOU Yong,et al. Design and field experiment of drawing resistance measurement system for cotton stalk[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2013,29(18):43-50.(in Chinese)
[26]杨海,周海波,冯小川,等.锯齿形双圆盘切割器切割原理分析与仿真[J].农机化研究,2011,33(9):23-26.YANG Hai,ZHOU Haibo,FENG Xiaochuan,et al. Cutting principle analysis and simulation of hackle dual-disc cutter bar[J]. Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2011,33(9):23-26.(in Chinese)
[27]卿上乐,颖刚华,刘庆庭.甘蔗收割机单圆盘切割器运动学分析[J].农业机械学报,2006,37(1):51-54.QING Shangle,YING Ganghua,LIU Qingting. Kinematics of single disc basecutter of sugarcane harvester[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2006,37(1):51-54.(in Chinese)
[28]万霖,车刚,汪春,等. 4QZR-30型青贮饲料收获机设计与试验[J].农业机械学报,2008,39(3):187-190.