浙江省香榧及其油脂综合性状研究
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摘要
对香榧及油脂品质进行分析研究,为浙江省香榧资源的综合利用和质量评价提供依据。采用方差分析、主成分分析、聚类分析对香榧及油脂品质进行评价。果实性状指标之间存在显著差异,而理化指标中除蛋白质和出油率与果实性状有相关性,其他均无相关性。主成分分析结果表明:香榧果实性状在品质评价中具有较为重要的作用。对香榧种仁氨基酸组成及维生素分析发现,香榧种仁中含人体必需氨基酸达7种,还含有丰富的维生素E和烟酸,为香榧作为优质蛋白质资源提供了理论依据。对香榧籽油脂脂肪酸组成分析研究结果表明:香榧籽油主要含有12种脂肪酸,不饱和脂肪酸占脂肪酸总量的88.0%,系统聚类分析结果显示,香榧籽油与花生油组成最为相似。果实性状指标在香榧果实评价中具有重要意义,主成分分析结果为香榧品质评价指标的简化提供了可能。香榧籽油的研究结果为香榧籽油做为保健食品提供了参考依据。
A complete analysis was carried out on nutritional and functional constituents in Torreya grandis and its oil to provide theoretical basis for the use and development of this resource. The quality of Torreya grandis and its oil were evaluated by anova, principal component analysis and cluster analysis. There was a significant positive correlations among some nut traits and was almost unsignificant correlations among physico-chemical indexes but a significant positive correlations among protein、oil yield and nut traits. The results of principal component analysis show that Torreya torreya fruit characters play an important role in quality evaluation. The analysis of amino acids and vitamins found that there were 7 kinds of essential amino acids in Torreya grandis seeds and rich vitamin E and niacin. And it was rich in vitamin E and niacin, providing a theoretical basis for Torreya grandis as high quality protein resources. The results showed that 12 kinds of fatty acids were found. Unsaturated fatty acids account for 88.0% of total fatty acids. The system cluster analysis showed that Torreya grandis seed oil and peanut oil was most similar. The results of pca provide the possibility to simplify the quality evaluation index of Torreya grandis. The research results of torreya oil provide reference for torreya oil as health food.
A complete analysis was carried out on nutritional and functional constituents in Torreya grandis and its oil to provide theoretical basis for the use and development of this resource. The quality of Torreya grandis and its oil were evaluated by anova, principal component analysis and cluster analysis. There was a significant positive correlations among some nut traits and was almost unsignificant correlations among physico-chemical indexes but a significant positive correlations among protein、oil yield and nut traits. The results of principal component analysis show that Torreya torreya fruit characters play an important role in quality evaluation. The analysis of amino acids and vitamins found that there were 7 kinds of essential amino acids in Torreya grandis seeds and rich vitamin E and niacin. And it was rich in vitamin E and niacin, providing a theoretical basis for Torreya grandis as high quality protein resources. The results showed that 12 kinds of fatty acids were found. Unsaturated fatty acids account for 88.0% of total fatty acids. The system cluster analysis showed that Torreya grandis seed oil and peanut oil was most similar. The results of pca provide the possibility to simplify the quality evaluation index of Torreya grandis. The research results of torreya oil provide reference for torreya oil as health food.
引文
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[3]黎章矩, 程晓建, 戴文圣,等.浙江香榧生产历史,现状与发展[J].浙江林学院学报,2004,21(4):471-474LI Zhangju,CHENG Xiaojian,DAI Wensheng,et al.History and status and development of Torreya grandis in Zhejiang province[J].Journal of Zhejiang Forestry College,2004,21(4):471-474
[4]陈力耕,王辉,童品璋.香榧的主要品种及其开发价值[J].中国南方果树,2005,34(5):33-34CHEN Ligeng,WANG Hui,TONG Pingzhang.The main varieties and development value of Torreya grandis [J].Journal of Chinese Southern Fruit Trees,2005,34(5):33-34
[5]王向阳,修丽丽.香榧的营养和功能成分综述[J].食品研究与开发,2005,26(2):20-22WANG Xiangyang,XIU Lili.Nutritional and functional composition of Torreya[J].Food Research and Development,2005,26(2):20-22
[6]黎章矩,骆成方,程晓建,等.香榧种籽成分分析及营养评价[J].浙江林学院学报,2005,22(5):540-544LI Zhangju,LUO Chengfang,CHEN Xiaojian,et al.Composition analysis and nutrition evaluation of Torreya grandis seeds[J].Journal of Zhejiang Forestry College,2005,22(5):540-544
[7]陈振德,陈志良,侯连兵,等.香榧籽油对实验性动脉粥样硬化形成的影响[J].中药材,2000,23(9):551-553CHEN Zhengang,CHEN Zhiliang,HOU Lianbing,et al.The effect of Torreya grandis seed oil on experimental atherosclerosis[J].Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials,2000,23(9):551-553
[8]牛娜,李岩,吴崇明,等.香榧提取物对高血脂大鼠模型的预防降血脂作用[J].四川中医,2006,24(4):21-22NIU Na,LI Yan,WU Chongming,et al.Effect of ShanTangPing on blood-fat in hyperlipoidemia model of rat[J].Journal of Sichuan of Traditional Medicine,2006,24(4):21-22
[9]倪峰,王碧英,郑兴中.长叶榧药理作用的研究[J].福建中医药,1989,20(3):18-19NI Feng,WANG Biying,ZHENG Xingzhong.Research on the pharmacological action of Torreya grandis [J].Fujian Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine,1989,20(3):18-19
[10]陈振德,郑汉臣,田美兰,等.长叶榧叶挥发油成分分析及其抗菌作用研究[J].第二军医大学学报,1998,19(2):150-152CHEN Zhende,ZHENG Hancheng,TIAN Meilan,et al.Analysis of volatile oil composition and its antibacterial effect in Torreya grandis leaf[J].Academic Journal of Second Military Medical University,1998,19(2):150-152
[11]张虹,王洪泉,陈振德.日本榧叶挥发油成分抗菌作用研究[J].中国药师,2002,5(9):549ZHANG Hong,WANG Hongquan,CHEN Zhende.Study on antibacterial action of volatile oil in Torreya grandis japonica[J].China Pharmacist,2002,5(9):549
[12]王鸿,郭涛,应国清.榧属植物活性成分与药理作用研究进展[J].中草药,2007,38(11):1747-1750WANG Hong,GUO Tao,YING Guoqing.Advances in studies on active constituents and their pharmaco -logical activities for plants of Torreya Arn.[J].Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs,2007,38(11):1747-1750
[13]王小明,王珂,秦遂初,等.香榧适生环境研究进展[J].浙江林学院学报,2008,25(3):382 -386WANG Xiaoming,WANG Ke,QIN Suichu,et al.Review of research on favorable environmental factors of Torreya grandis [J].Journal of Zhejiang Forestry College,2008,25(3):382 -386
[14]周永忠,娄伟平.气象条件对诸暨香榧生产的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(15):6340 -6341, 6366ZHOU Yongzhong,LOU Weiping.The effect of meteorological conditions on the production of Torreya grandis in Zhuji [J].Journal of Anhui Agri.Sci,2008,36(15):6340 -6341, 6366
[15]郑金霞.香榧的栽培及抚育管理[J].安徽林业,2009(3):40ZHENG Jinxia.The cultivation and management of Torreya grandis [J].Journal of Anhui Forestry 2009(3):40
[16]郭新峰.宁国香榧的发展前景与丰产改造栽培[J].现代农业科技,2010(4):175-176, 178GUO Xinfeng.The development prospect and the cultivation of fertility of Torreya grandis in Ningguo [J].Modern Agricultural Science and Technology,2010(4 ):175-176, 178
[17]王贝贝.香榧外种皮化学成分提取研究[D].南京:南京林业大学,2008WANG Beibei.Study on the chemical composition extractive from the episperm ofTorreya grandis[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Forestry University,2008
[18]李冬梅,古研,赵振东,等.香榧假种皮中主要化学组成的研究[J].生物质化学工程,2012,46(4):22-26LI Dongmei,GU Yan,ZHAO Zhendong,et al.Main chemical compositions in aril of Torreya grandis[J].Biomass Chemical Engineering,2012,46(4):22-26
[19]李兴飞,郜海燕,陈杭君,等.香榧坚果生物活性成分与抗氧化研究进展[J].食品科学,2012,33(7):341-345LI Xingfei,GAO Haiyan,CHEN Hangjun,et al.Recent advances in research on bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of Torreya grandis[J].Food Science,2012,33(7):341-345
[20]裴新德.多元统计分析及其应用[M].北京:北京农业大学出版社,1991:196-247PEI Xinde.Multivariate statistical analysis and application[M].Beijing:Beijing Agricultural University Press,1991:196-247
[21]J SOLMS.Taste of amino acids,peptides,and proteins[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,1969,17(4):686-688
[22]刘刚,王辉,周本宏.松茸氨基酸含量的测定及营养评价[J].中国食用菌,2007,26(5):51-52LIU Gang,WANG Hui,ZHOU Benhong.Analysis of amino acids in tricholoma matsutake and its nutritional evaluation[J].Edible Fungi of China,2007,26(5):51-52
[23]BURTON GW,OYCE A ,INGOLD KU .First proof that vitamin E is major lipid-soluble,chain- breaking antioxidant in human blood plasma[J].The Lancet,1982,8:292-327
[24]葛林梅,郜海燕,陈杭君,等.加工工艺对香榧油脂氧化和抗氧化活性的影响[J].中国粮油学报,2011,26(5):42-46GE Linmei,GAO Haiyan,CHEN Hangjun,et al.Effect of processing on lipid oxidation and antioxidant ability of Torreya grandis[J].Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association,2011,26(5):42-46
[25]胡绍泉,求鹏英,杜轶君,等.绍兴市售香榧坚果品质研究[J].中国南方果树,2016,45(3):102-106HU Shaoquan,QIU Pengying,DU Yijun,et al.Quality research of Torreya in Shaoxing [J].South China Fruits,2016,45(3):102-106
[26]吴帆,韩琴,于勇杰,等.香榧与油茶籽中脂肪酸成分的GC-MS分析[J].中国野生植物资源,2014,33(1):36-39WU Fan,HAN Qin,YU Yongjie,et al.GC-MS analysis of fatty acids from Torreya grandis and Camellia oleifera seed[J].Chinese Wild Plant Resources,2014,33(1):36-39
[27]王衍彬,刘本同,秦玉川,等.不同品种香榧种籽油脂肪酸及香味物质组成分析[J].中国油脂,2016,41(2) :101- 105WANG Yanbing,LIU Bentong,QIN Yuchuan,et al.Compositions of fatty acid and flavor compounds in different cultivars of Torreya grandis seed oil[J].China Oils and Fats,2016,41(2) :101- 105
[28]ENDO Y,OSADA Y,KIMURAL F,FUJIMOTO K.Effects of Japanese Torreya (Torreya nucifera) seed oil on lipid metabolism in rats[J].Nutrition,2006,22(5):553-558
[29]ENDO Y,TSUNOKAKE K,IKEDAL I.Effects of nonmethyl-eneinterrupted polyunsaturated fatty acid,sciadonic (all-c -5,11,14-eieosatrienoie acid)on lipid metabolism in rats [J].Bioscience,Biotechnology and Biochemistry,2009,73(3):577-581
[30]张世挺,杜国祯,陈家宽.种子大小变异的进化生态学研究现状与展望[J].生态学报,2003,23(2):353-363 ZHANG Shiting,DU Guozhen,CHEN Jiakuan.The present situation and prospect of studies on evolutionary ecology of seed size variation[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2003,23(2):353-363
[31]孙家正,张大海,张艳敏,等.南疆栽培杏品种杏仁油脂肪酸组成及其遗传多样性 [J].园艺学报 ,2011,38(2):251-256 SUN Jiazheng,ZHANG Dahai,ZHANG Yanmin,et al.Genetic diversity and constituents of fatty acid in almond oil in southern Xinjiang apricot cultivars[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica ,2011,38(2):251-256.
[2]黎章矩,程晓健,戴文圣,等.香榧品种起源考证[J].浙江林学院学报,2005,22(4):443-448LI Zhangju,CHENG Xiaojian,DAI Wensheng,et al.The origin of textual research of Torreya grandis [J].Journal of Zhejiang Forestry College,2005,22(4):443-448
[3]黎章矩, 程晓建, 戴文圣,等.浙江香榧生产历史,现状与发展[J].浙江林学院学报,2004,21(4):471-474LI Zhangju,CHENG Xiaojian,DAI Wensheng,et al.History and status and development of Torreya grandis in Zhejiang province[J].Journal of Zhejiang Forestry College,2004,21(4):471-474
[4]陈力耕,王辉,童品璋.香榧的主要品种及其开发价值[J].中国南方果树,2005,34(5):33-34CHEN Ligeng,WANG Hui,TONG Pingzhang.The main varieties and development value of Torreya grandis [J].Journal of Chinese Southern Fruit Trees,2005,34(5):33-34
[5]王向阳,修丽丽.香榧的营养和功能成分综述[J].食品研究与开发,2005,26(2):20-22WANG Xiangyang,XIU Lili.Nutritional and functional composition of Torreya[J].Food Research and Development,2005,26(2):20-22
[6]黎章矩,骆成方,程晓建,等.香榧种籽成分分析及营养评价[J].浙江林学院学报,2005,22(5):540-544LI Zhangju,LUO Chengfang,CHEN Xiaojian,et al.Composition analysis and nutrition evaluation of Torreya grandis seeds[J].Journal of Zhejiang Forestry College,2005,22(5):540-544
[7]陈振德,陈志良,侯连兵,等.香榧籽油对实验性动脉粥样硬化形成的影响[J].中药材,2000,23(9):551-553CHEN Zhengang,CHEN Zhiliang,HOU Lianbing,et al.The effect of Torreya grandis seed oil on experimental atherosclerosis[J].Journal of Chinese Medicinal Materials,2000,23(9):551-553
[8]牛娜,李岩,吴崇明,等.香榧提取物对高血脂大鼠模型的预防降血脂作用[J].四川中医,2006,24(4):21-22NIU Na,LI Yan,WU Chongming,et al.Effect of ShanTangPing on blood-fat in hyperlipoidemia model of rat[J].Journal of Sichuan of Traditional Medicine,2006,24(4):21-22
[9]倪峰,王碧英,郑兴中.长叶榧药理作用的研究[J].福建中医药,1989,20(3):18-19NI Feng,WANG Biying,ZHENG Xingzhong.Research on the pharmacological action of Torreya grandis [J].Fujian Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine,1989,20(3):18-19
[10]陈振德,郑汉臣,田美兰,等.长叶榧叶挥发油成分分析及其抗菌作用研究[J].第二军医大学学报,1998,19(2):150-152CHEN Zhende,ZHENG Hancheng,TIAN Meilan,et al.Analysis of volatile oil composition and its antibacterial effect in Torreya grandis leaf[J].Academic Journal of Second Military Medical University,1998,19(2):150-152
[11]张虹,王洪泉,陈振德.日本榧叶挥发油成分抗菌作用研究[J].中国药师,2002,5(9):549ZHANG Hong,WANG Hongquan,CHEN Zhende.Study on antibacterial action of volatile oil in Torreya grandis japonica[J].China Pharmacist,2002,5(9):549
[12]王鸿,郭涛,应国清.榧属植物活性成分与药理作用研究进展[J].中草药,2007,38(11):1747-1750WANG Hong,GUO Tao,YING Guoqing.Advances in studies on active constituents and their pharmaco -logical activities for plants of Torreya Arn.[J].Chinese Traditional and Herbal Drugs,2007,38(11):1747-1750
[13]王小明,王珂,秦遂初,等.香榧适生环境研究进展[J].浙江林学院学报,2008,25(3):382 -386WANG Xiaoming,WANG Ke,QIN Suichu,et al.Review of research on favorable environmental factors of Torreya grandis [J].Journal of Zhejiang Forestry College,2008,25(3):382 -386
[14]周永忠,娄伟平.气象条件对诸暨香榧生产的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2008,36(15):6340 -6341, 6366ZHOU Yongzhong,LOU Weiping.The effect of meteorological conditions on the production of Torreya grandis in Zhuji [J].Journal of Anhui Agri.Sci,2008,36(15):6340 -6341, 6366
[15]郑金霞.香榧的栽培及抚育管理[J].安徽林业,2009(3):40ZHENG Jinxia.The cultivation and management of Torreya grandis [J].Journal of Anhui Forestry 2009(3):40
[16]郭新峰.宁国香榧的发展前景与丰产改造栽培[J].现代农业科技,2010(4):175-176, 178GUO Xinfeng.The development prospect and the cultivation of fertility of Torreya grandis in Ningguo [J].Modern Agricultural Science and Technology,2010(4 ):175-176, 178
[17]王贝贝.香榧外种皮化学成分提取研究[D].南京:南京林业大学,2008WANG Beibei.Study on the chemical composition extractive from the episperm ofTorreya grandis[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Forestry University,2008
[18]李冬梅,古研,赵振东,等.香榧假种皮中主要化学组成的研究[J].生物质化学工程,2012,46(4):22-26LI Dongmei,GU Yan,ZHAO Zhendong,et al.Main chemical compositions in aril of Torreya grandis[J].Biomass Chemical Engineering,2012,46(4):22-26
[19]李兴飞,郜海燕,陈杭君,等.香榧坚果生物活性成分与抗氧化研究进展[J].食品科学,2012,33(7):341-345LI Xingfei,GAO Haiyan,CHEN Hangjun,et al.Recent advances in research on bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of Torreya grandis[J].Food Science,2012,33(7):341-345
[20]裴新德.多元统计分析及其应用[M].北京:北京农业大学出版社,1991:196-247PEI Xinde.Multivariate statistical analysis and application[M].Beijing:Beijing Agricultural University Press,1991:196-247
[21]J SOLMS.Taste of amino acids,peptides,and proteins[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,1969,17(4):686-688
[22]刘刚,王辉,周本宏.松茸氨基酸含量的测定及营养评价[J].中国食用菌,2007,26(5):51-52LIU Gang,WANG Hui,ZHOU Benhong.Analysis of amino acids in tricholoma matsutake and its nutritional evaluation[J].Edible Fungi of China,2007,26(5):51-52
[23]BURTON GW,OYCE A ,INGOLD KU .First proof that vitamin E is major lipid-soluble,chain- breaking antioxidant in human blood plasma[J].The Lancet,1982,8:292-327
[24]葛林梅,郜海燕,陈杭君,等.加工工艺对香榧油脂氧化和抗氧化活性的影响[J].中国粮油学报,2011,26(5):42-46GE Linmei,GAO Haiyan,CHEN Hangjun,et al.Effect of processing on lipid oxidation and antioxidant ability of Torreya grandis[J].Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association,2011,26(5):42-46
[25]胡绍泉,求鹏英,杜轶君,等.绍兴市售香榧坚果品质研究[J].中国南方果树,2016,45(3):102-106HU Shaoquan,QIU Pengying,DU Yijun,et al.Quality research of Torreya in Shaoxing [J].South China Fruits,2016,45(3):102-106
[26]吴帆,韩琴,于勇杰,等.香榧与油茶籽中脂肪酸成分的GC-MS分析[J].中国野生植物资源,2014,33(1):36-39WU Fan,HAN Qin,YU Yongjie,et al.GC-MS analysis of fatty acids from Torreya grandis and Camellia oleifera seed[J].Chinese Wild Plant Resources,2014,33(1):36-39
[27]王衍彬,刘本同,秦玉川,等.不同品种香榧种籽油脂肪酸及香味物质组成分析[J].中国油脂,2016,41(2) :101- 105WANG Yanbing,LIU Bentong,QIN Yuchuan,et al.Compositions of fatty acid and flavor compounds in different cultivars of Torreya grandis seed oil[J].China Oils and Fats,2016,41(2) :101- 105
[28]ENDO Y,OSADA Y,KIMURAL F,FUJIMOTO K.Effects of Japanese Torreya (Torreya nucifera) seed oil on lipid metabolism in rats[J].Nutrition,2006,22(5):553-558
[29]ENDO Y,TSUNOKAKE K,IKEDAL I.Effects of nonmethyl-eneinterrupted polyunsaturated fatty acid,sciadonic (all-c -5,11,14-eieosatrienoie acid)on lipid metabolism in rats [J].Bioscience,Biotechnology and Biochemistry,2009,73(3):577-581
[30]张世挺,杜国祯,陈家宽.种子大小变异的进化生态学研究现状与展望[J].生态学报,2003,23(2):353-363 ZHANG Shiting,DU Guozhen,CHEN Jiakuan.The present situation and prospect of studies on evolutionary ecology of seed size variation[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2003,23(2):353-363
[31]孙家正,张大海,张艳敏,等.南疆栽培杏品种杏仁油脂肪酸组成及其遗传多样性 [J].园艺学报 ,2011,38(2):251-256 SUN Jiazheng,ZHANG Dahai,ZHANG Yanmin,et al.Genetic diversity and constituents of fatty acid in almond oil in southern Xinjiang apricot cultivars[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica ,2011,38(2):251-256.