步态研究用可调斜坡设计与空间坐标系建立
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摘要
目的:设计搭建一个镶嵌有三维测力台的斜坡平台,对该平台进行可靠性验证,同时提出对应的空间坐标系建立方案,为未来各行业的需求提供理论数据及参考。方法:采用铝型材配合千斤顶搭建斜坡系统,通过在测力台四角设置反光标志点建立虚拟环节让测力台跟随坡角改变,而后通过自然振动频率、压力中心、反光标志点位移、力值误差来检验该系统的可行性及可靠性。结果:斜坡三方向自然振动频率高于人体步行频率,不同条件下(坡角、动静态)压力中心无显著性差异(P>0.05),反光标志点位移无显著性差异(P>0.05),力值测量(P>0.05)无显著性差异。结论:整套系统在测量斜坡步行时足够精确。采用跟踪测力台的方式并将空间坐标系建立在地面上有助于优化测试流程,便于后期计算。该研究结果应用可满足不同环境下对单块或多块测力台空间位置重新分布的要求。
Objective: To design and construct a slope embedded with a force plate,verify the reliability of the test data,and the corresponding coordinate system establishment plan is proposed to provide theoretical data and reference for the future needs of various industries. Methods: Using aluminum materials with jacks to build slope system,set up markers in the four corners of the force plate to set virtual segment of reflective marks to allow the force plate to follow and then use the natural vibration frequency,pressure center,reflective marker displacement,and force to examine feasibility and practicality of the adjustable slope system. Results: The three-dimensional natural vibration frequency of the slope system is higher than the human body's walking frequency,and no difference is found in pressure centers(P>0.05),no difference is found in marker position(P > 0.05) or force(P >0.05) between different conditions. Conclusion: The entire system is accurate enough when measuring slope walking. Using the method of tracking the force plate and setting the coordinate system on the ground will help optimize the testing process and facilitate later calculations. The application of the results of this study can meet the requirements for redistribution of spatial locations of single or multi-piece force plates in different environments.
Objective: To design and construct a slope embedded with a force plate,verify the reliability of the test data,and the corresponding coordinate system establishment plan is proposed to provide theoretical data and reference for the future needs of various industries. Methods: Using aluminum materials with jacks to build slope system,set up markers in the four corners of the force plate to set virtual segment of reflective marks to allow the force plate to follow and then use the natural vibration frequency,pressure center,reflective marker displacement,and force to examine feasibility and practicality of the adjustable slope system. Results: The three-dimensional natural vibration frequency of the slope system is higher than the human body's walking frequency,and no difference is found in pressure centers(P>0.05),no difference is found in marker position(P > 0.05) or force(P >0.05) between different conditions. Conclusion: The entire system is accurate enough when measuring slope walking. Using the method of tracking the force plate and setting the coordinate system on the ground will help optimize the testing process and facilitate later calculations. The application of the results of this study can meet the requirements for redistribution of spatial locations of single or multi-piece force plates in different environments.
引文
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[23]BW Stansfield,AC Nicol.Hip joint contact forces in normal subjects and subjects with total hip prostheses:walking and stair and ramp negotiation[J].Clinical Biomechanics,2002,17(2):130-139.
[24]Edward J McVay,Mark S Redfern.Rampway safety:foot forces as a function of rampway angle[J].American Industrial Hygiene Association,1994,55(7):626-634.
[25]Mark S Redfern,James Di Pasquale.Biomechanics of descending ramps[J].Gait&Posture,1997,6(2):119-125.
[26]A.S.McIntosh,K.T.Beatty,L.N.Dwan,et al.Gait dynamics on an inclined walkway[J].J Biomech,2006,39(13):2491-502.
[27]A.N.Lay,C.J.Hass,D.W.Smith,et al.Characterization of a system for studying human gait during slope walking[J].J Appl Biomech,2005,21(2):153-66.
[28]K.Kawamura,A.Tokuhiro,H.Takechi.Gait analysis of slope walking:a study on step length,stride width,time factors and deviation in the center of pressure[J].Acta Med Okayama,1991,45(3):179-84.
[29]Erik K Antonsson,Robert W Mann.The frequency content of gait[J].Journal of biomechanics,1985,18(1):39-47.
[30]Shih-Wun Hong,Tsai-Hsueh Leu,Jia-Da Li,et al.Influence of inclination angles on intra-and inter-limb load-sharing during uphill walking[J].Gait&posture,2014,39(1):29-34.
[31]Janice J Eng,David A Winter.Kinetic analysis of the lower limbs during walking:what information can be gained from a threedimensional model?[J].Journal of biomechanics,1995,28(6):753-758.
[2]A.Goswami.A new gait parameterization technique by means of cyclogram moments:Application to human slope walking[J].Gait Posture,1998,8(1):15-36.
[3]S.D.Prentice,E.N.Hasler,J.J.Groves,et al.Locomotor adaptations for changes in the slope of the walking surface[J].Gait Posture,2004,20(3):255-65.
[4]Mark Meeder,Tobias Aebi,Ulrich Weidmann.The influence of slope on walking activity and the pedestrian modal share[J].Transportation Research Procedia,2017(27):141-147.
[5]Jiyoung Jeong,Youkeun K Oh,Choongsoo S Shin.Measurement of lower extremity kinematics and kinetics during valley-shaped slope walking[J].International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing,2015,16(13):2725-2730.
[6]J.W.Noble,S.D.Prentice.Intersegmental coordination while walking up inclined surfaces:age and ramp angle effects[J].Exp Brain Res,2008,189(2):249-55.
[7]唐刚,张希安,季文婷,等.坡面步行中青年女性下肢关节角及肌肉激活度[J].医用生物力学,2011,26(2):158-162.
[8]A.H.Khandoker,K.Lynch,C.K.Karmakar,et al.Toe clearance and velocity profiles of young and elderly during walking on sloped surfaces[J].J Neuroeng Rehabil,2010(7):18.
[9]G.S.Sawicki,D.P.Ferris.Mechanics and energetics of incline walking with robotic ankle exoskeletons[J].J Exp Biol,2009,212(Pt 1):32-41.
[10]Shani Kimel-Naor,Amihai Gottlieb,Meir Plotnik.The effect of uphill and downhill walking on gait parameters:A self-paced treadmill study[J].Journal of biomechanics,2017(60):142-149.
[11]R.Kram,T.M.Griffin,J.M.Donelan,et al.Force treadmill for measuring vertical and horizontal ground reaction forces[J].JAppl Physiol(1985),1998,85(2):764-769.
[12]A.Belli,P.Bui,A.Berger,et al.A treadmill ergometer for three-dimensional ground reaction forces measurement during walking[J].J Biomech,2001,34(1):105-12.
[13]Song Joo Lee,Joseph Hidler.Biomechanics of overground vs.treadmill walking in healthy individuals[J].Journal of applied physiology,2008,104(3):747-755.
[14]A.N.Lay,C.J.Hass,R.J.Gregor.The effects of sloped surfaces on locomotion:a kinematic and kinetic analysis[J].J Biomech,2006,39(9):1621-1628.
[15]E.Al-Yahya,H.Dawes,J.Collett,et al.Gait adaptations to simultaneous cognitive and mechanical constraints[J].Exp Brain Res,2009,199(1):39-48.
[16]Riley C Sheehan,Jinger S Gottschall.At similar angles,slope walking has a greater fall risk than stair walking[J].Applied ergonomics,2012,43(3):473-478.
[17]A.K.Silverman,J.M.Wilken,E.H.Sinitski,et al.Wholebody angular momentum in incline and decline walking[J].J Biomech,2012,45(6):965-971.
[18]Nathaniel T Pickle,Alena M Grabowski,Jana R Jeffers,et al.The Functional Roles of Muscles,Passive Prostheses,and Powered Prostheses During Sloped Walking in People With a Transtibial Amputation[J].Journal of biomechanical engineering,2017,139(11):111005.
[19]J.S.Gottschall,T.R.Nichols.Neuromuscular strategies for the transitions between level and hill surfaces during walking[J].Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci,2011,366(1570):1565-1579.
[20]Emily Hendrix,Lindsay Hunter,Jesse Dean.Walking Downhill:The Trade-Off Between Energetics And Stability[J].34th anual meeting of American Society of Biomechanics,Providence,Rl,2010:256-257.
[21]M.Kuster,S.Sakurai,G.A.Wood.Kinematic and kinetic comparison of downhill and level walking[J].Clin Biomech(Bristol,Avon),1995,10(2):79-84.
[22]Hermann Schwameder,Robin Roithner,Erich Muller,et al.Knee joint forces during downhill walking with hiking poles[J].Journal of sports sciences,1999,17(12):969-978.
[23]BW Stansfield,AC Nicol.Hip joint contact forces in normal subjects and subjects with total hip prostheses:walking and stair and ramp negotiation[J].Clinical Biomechanics,2002,17(2):130-139.
[24]Edward J McVay,Mark S Redfern.Rampway safety:foot forces as a function of rampway angle[J].American Industrial Hygiene Association,1994,55(7):626-634.
[25]Mark S Redfern,James Di Pasquale.Biomechanics of descending ramps[J].Gait&Posture,1997,6(2):119-125.
[26]A.S.McIntosh,K.T.Beatty,L.N.Dwan,et al.Gait dynamics on an inclined walkway[J].J Biomech,2006,39(13):2491-502.
[27]A.N.Lay,C.J.Hass,D.W.Smith,et al.Characterization of a system for studying human gait during slope walking[J].J Appl Biomech,2005,21(2):153-66.
[28]K.Kawamura,A.Tokuhiro,H.Takechi.Gait analysis of slope walking:a study on step length,stride width,time factors and deviation in the center of pressure[J].Acta Med Okayama,1991,45(3):179-84.
[29]Erik K Antonsson,Robert W Mann.The frequency content of gait[J].Journal of biomechanics,1985,18(1):39-47.
[30]Shih-Wun Hong,Tsai-Hsueh Leu,Jia-Da Li,et al.Influence of inclination angles on intra-and inter-limb load-sharing during uphill walking[J].Gait&posture,2014,39(1):29-34.
[31]Janice J Eng,David A Winter.Kinetic analysis of the lower limbs during walking:what information can be gained from a threedimensional model?[J].Journal of biomechanics,1995,28(6):753-758.