立式车削加工工艺的力学计算与分析
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摘要
立式车床由于主轴竖直放置,所以不论是其承载性能或是刚性都具有良好的表现,常应用于加工盘类、齿轮坯、轮毂等直径较大的零件。但在进行车削加工时,工作台和工件经常会发生振动现象,而且主轴转速无法提高。通过对立式车床进行车削加工时的振动现象以及受力情况进行分析和计算,剖析了工作台发生振动现象的可能原因,并提出了切削力的计算方法,为提高车削效果、生产效率提供了可靠的依据。
Because the vertical lathe spindle is placed vertically, so whether its bearing capacity or rigidity has a good performance, and it is usually used in processing disk, gear billet, hub and other large diameter parts. But in the process of turning, table and workpiece often occur vibration phenomenon, and the spindle speed cannot be improved. Through the analysis and calculation of the vibration and stress of vertical lathe during turning, the possible causes of vibration of worktable are analyzed, and the calculation method of cutting force is put forward, which provides a reliable basis for improving the turning effect and production efficiency.
Because the vertical lathe spindle is placed vertically, so whether its bearing capacity or rigidity has a good performance, and it is usually used in processing disk, gear billet, hub and other large diameter parts. But in the process of turning, table and workpiece often occur vibration phenomenon, and the spindle speed cannot be improved. Through the analysis and calculation of the vibration and stress of vertical lathe during turning, the possible causes of vibration of worktable are analyzed, and the calculation method of cutting force is put forward, which provides a reliable basis for improving the turning effect and production efficiency.
引文
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[2]常德功,苑志超,宋德政,等.大功率立式车床非圆工件切削加工的研究[J].机床与液压,2008,36(2):59-61.CHANG De-gong,YUAN Zhi-chao,SONG De-zheng,et al.Research on the machining of non-circular workpieces with high-power vertical lathe[J].Machine tool&hydraulics,2008,36(2):59-61.
[3]张丽萍,李业农,杨琪.数控车床主轴回转精度寿命的灰色预测[J].机床与液压,2016(21):93-97.ZHANG Li-ping,LI Ye-nong,YANG Qi.Grey prediction of turning precision life of spindle of CNC lathe[J].Machine tool&hydraulics,2016(21):93-97.
[4]张占锋,岳鹏,李太林,等.一种大型立式车床高精度回转工作台[J].机床与液压,2016,44(8):1-2.ZHANG Zhan-feng,YUE Peng,LI Tai-lin,et al.High precision rotary table for large vertical lathe[J].Machine tool&hydraulics,2016,44(8):1-2.
[5]张亚南,梅庆林,闫鹏辉.数控立式车床工作台振动的原因分析[J].机械工程师,2017(2):143.ZHANG Ya-nan,MEI Qing-lin,YAN Peng-hui.Cause analysis of vibration of nc vertical lathe table[J].Mechanical engineer,2017(2):143.
[6]杨伟东,贾鹏飞,张子政,等.硬质合金刀具钝圆半径的仿真与实验研究[J].新型工业化,2015(8):44-50.YANG Wei-dong,JIA Peng-fei,ZHANG Zi-zheng,et al.Simulation and experimental research on blunt radius of carbide cutting tools[J].The Journal of New industrialization,2015(8):44-50.
[7]常博宇.重型车床床身导轨扭曲对车削精度的影响探究[J].机床与液压,2015,43(22):10-11.CHANG Bo-yu.Research on influence of guide rail distortion on turning accuracy of heavy lathe bed[J].Machine tool&hydraulics,2015,43(22):10-11.
[8]JOCOBUS K,DEVOR R E,KAPOOR S G.Predictive model for the full biaxial surface and subsurface residual stress profiles from turning[J].Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering,2001,123:537-546.
[9]黄智,许可,王立平,等.重型卧式车床主轴系统热特性分析[J].电子科技大学学报,2016,45(6):1020-1026.HUANG Zhi,XU Ke,WANG Li-ping,et al.Analysis of thermal characteristics of spindle system of heavy horizontal lathe[J].Journal of university of electronic science and technology,2016,45(6):1020-1026.
[10]顾宏.基于数控车床加工精度的影响因素分析及应对策略探究[J].新型工业化,2018(2):64-67.GU Hong.Analysis of influencing factors and exploration of countermeasures based on machining accuracy of CNC lathes[J].The Journal of New industrialization,2018(2):64-67.
[11]张义民,曹辉,王昊,等.基于主轴动态响应的车削加工精度可靠性及灵敏度分析[J].振动与冲击,2015,34(23):14-17.ZHANG Yi-min,CAO Hui,WANG Hao,et al.Reliability and sensitivity analysis of turning accuracy based on dynamic response of spindle[J].Vibration and impact,2015,34(23):14-17.
[12]李登万,冯锦春,陈洪涛,等.基于均匀设计法的精密车削参数优化[J].机械工程学报,2015,51(3):206-212.LI Deng-wan,FENG Jin-chun,CHEN Hong-tao,et al.Precision turning parameter optimization based on uniform design method[J].Chinese journal of mechanical engineering,2015,51(3):206-212.
[13]CREIGHTON E,HONEGGER A,TULSIAN A,et al.Analysis of thermal errors in a high-speed micro-milling spindle[J].International Journal ofMachine Tools and Manufacture,2010,50(4):386-393.
[14]盛艳君,张黎燕,栗永非.数控立式车床立柱的有限元分析及优化[J].制造业自动化,2013(14):114-117.SHENG Yan-jun,ZHANG Li-yan,LI Yong-fei.Finite element analysis and optimization of vertical lathe column[J].Manufacturing automation,2013(14):114-117.
[15]常德功,苑志超,宋德政,等.大功率立式车床非圆工件切削加工的研究[J].机床与液压,2008,36(2):59-61.CHANG De-gong,YUAN Zhi-chao,SONG De-zheng,et al.Research on machining of non-circular workpieces with highpower vertical lathe[J].Machine tool&hydraulics,2008,36(2):59-61.