2018年中国重大科学、技术和工程进展
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摘要
本着分门别类、本刊推荐、专家遴选、宁缺毋滥、叙述事实的原则,从国内外重要科技期刊和科技新闻媒体所报道的中国科技成果中,按科学、技术、工程3个类别,由《科技导报》编辑部遴选、推荐候选条目,经《科技导报》编委、审稿人等专家通信评选,推选出2018年度中国重大科学、技术、工程进展30项。1)2018年中国重大科学进展10项:基于体细胞核移植技术成功克隆出猕猴;揭示抑郁发生及氯胺酮快速抗抑郁机制;实现用于肿瘤治疗的智能型DNA纳米机器人;发现促进晚期癌症恶化的新型红细胞样细胞亚群;证实人类生活在黄土高原的历史可追溯至212万年前;人工创建单染色体真核细胞;实现对万有引力常数G的精确测量;揭示富锂巨星起源的一个可能机制;制备基于自组装亚微米结构的高效钙钛矿发光二极管;在铁基拓扑超导体中发现马约拉纳费米子。2)2018年中国重大技术进展10项:"墨子号"量子卫星成功实现洲际量子密钥分发;北斗组网卫星搭载新一代氢原子、铷原子钟,技术指标达国际先进水平;实现全球首例人类肺脏再生;"魂芯II-A"芯片发布,实际运算性能业界同类最强;首次合成阿波霉素,可应对超级细菌;通过叠层设计使有机太阳能电池光电转化效率突破17.3%;中国运载火箭垂直回收制导技术试验成功;创建出新型超分辨成像技术,揭示细胞器互作新现象;基于有序间隙原子复合体设计出高强度高塑性金属材料;成功研制出世界首台分辨力最高紫外超分辨光刻装备,可加工22 nm芯片。3)2018年中国重大工程进展10项:港珠澳大桥正式通车运营;国际大科学工程SKA首台正样样机出厂,"地球之眼"配上中国天线;世界首台全自动干细胞诱导培养设备通过验收,智能化干细胞诱导培养设备诞生;中国超级钻机"地壳一号"以7018 m深度创造亚洲国家大陆科学钻井新纪录;中国自主研发的疏浚重器"天鲲号"交付使用;全球首台AP1000三代核电机组成功并网发电;世界首座大跨度高铁斜拉桥成功合龙,设计时速达350 km/h;国产大型水陆两栖飞机AG600成功实现水上首飞起降;3个E级超算原型机系统完成交付,中国超算实现"三头并进";"嫦娥四号"开启人类首次月球背面软着陆探测之旅。
Based on the event every year for selecting the annual top advances in science, technology and engineering held by Editorial Department of Science & Technology Review, top 10 scientific achievements, top 10 technological achievements and top 10 engineering achievements from China in 2018 during January 1 to December 31, are selected respectively from a lot of scientific researches published in influential academic journals and scientific newspapers. The selection procedure involved screening and recommending candidate internally, followed by appraisal from experts including editorial board members and external reviewers. These achievements are introduced as the time sequence of publishing.
Based on the event every year for selecting the annual top advances in science, technology and engineering held by Editorial Department of Science & Technology Review, top 10 scientific achievements, top 10 technological achievements and top 10 engineering achievements from China in 2018 during January 1 to December 31, are selected respectively from a lot of scientific researches published in influential academic journals and scientific newspapers. The selection procedure involved screening and recommending candidate internally, followed by appraisal from experts including editorial board members and external reviewers. These achievements are introduced as the time sequence of publishing.
引文
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[3]苏青.2005年中国重大科学、技术与工程进展[J].科技导报,2006,24(1):5-10.
[4]苏青.2006年中国重大科学进展[J].科技导报,2007,25(1):5-10.
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[7]苏青,代丽,岳臣.2008年中国重大科学、技术与工程进展[J].科技导报,2009,27(1):19-29.
[8]苏青,朱宇,代丽,等.2009年中国重大科学、技术与工程进展[J].科技导报,2010,28(1):19-29.
[9]苏青,朱宇,陈广仁,等.2010年中国重大科学、技术和工程进展[J].科技导报,2011,29(3):19-29.
[10]朱宇,苏青,陈广仁,等.2011年中国重大科学、技术和工程进展[J].科技导报,2012,30(3):15-25.
[11]朱宇,陈广仁,苏青,等.2012年中国重大科学、技术和工程进展[J].科技导报,2013,31(3):15-27.
[12]朱宇,陈广仁,史永超,等.2013年中国重大科学、技术和工程进展[J].科技导报,2014,32(3):15-24.
[13]陈广仁,吴晓丽,刘志远,等.2014年中国重大科学、技术和工程进展[J].科技导报,2015,33(2):15-28.
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