国产和进口10Cr转子钢高温持久性能和组织演化
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摘要
为掌握国产超超临界汽轮机转子10Cr钢的性能特点,进行了国产和进口10Cr钢的对比研究。首先介绍了汽轮机转子钢的发展和国内外10Cr钢的研究情况。以国产和进口10Cr转子钢为研究对象,通过高温持久试验、光学金相显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜等手段,对比研究了二者高温持久性能和微观组织演化。结果表明,进口10Cr转子钢在595℃高温持久强度要优于国产材料。二者组织演化规律相似,随时间的延长,M_(23)C_6、MX、Laves几类不同析出相依次析出、聚集和长大。同时发现国产材料中存在尺寸较大的富Nb相,可能会对国产材料的性能带来不利影响。
In order to understand the property features of domestic 10 Cr steel used for turbine rotor in ultra-supercritical unit, the research was conducted on domestic and foreign 10 Cr steel for comparison. Firstly, the development of rotor steel and research situation of foreign and domestic 10 Cr steel were introduced. The creep and microstructure evolution was studied on foreign and domestic 10 Cr rotor steel for comparison. The results indicate that creep rupture strength at 595℃ of the foreign 10 Cr steel is higher than that of domestic 10 Cr steel. The foreign and domestic 10 Cr rotor steels have similar microstructure evolution features. With increasing time, different phases including M_(23)C_6, MX, Laves propagate, accumulate and grow subsequently. The Nb-rich phase with large size is found in domestic 10 Cr steel and thought to have negative influence on properties.
In order to understand the property features of domestic 10 Cr steel used for turbine rotor in ultra-supercritical unit, the research was conducted on domestic and foreign 10 Cr steel for comparison. Firstly, the development of rotor steel and research situation of foreign and domestic 10 Cr steel were introduced. The creep and microstructure evolution was studied on foreign and domestic 10 Cr rotor steel for comparison. The results indicate that creep rupture strength at 595℃ of the foreign 10 Cr steel is higher than that of domestic 10 Cr steel. The foreign and domestic 10 Cr rotor steels have similar microstructure evolution features. With increasing time, different phases including M_(23)C_6, MX, Laves propagate, accumulate and grow subsequently. The Nb-rich phase with large size is found in domestic 10 Cr steel and thought to have negative influence on properties.
引文
[1] 刘显惠, 林锦堂. 国内外汽轮机大型转子锻件材料的技术进展(一)[J]. 国外金属热处理, 1999, 20(3):5.(Liu X H, Lin J T. Development of domestic/foreign rotor forging materials for large scale turbines, part I[J]. Heat Treatment of Material Abroad, 1999, 20(3):5.)
[2] 刘显惠, 林锦堂. 国内外汽轮机大型转子锻件材料的技术进展(二)[J]. 国外金属热处理,1999, 20(6):5.(Liu X H, Lin J T. Development of domestic/foreign rotor forging materials for large scale turbines, part II[J]. Heat Treatment of Material Abroad, 1999, 20(6):5.)
[3] 赵成志, 魏双胜, 高亚龙, 等. 超临界与超超临界汽轮机耐热钢的研究进展[J]. 钢铁研究学报, 2007, 19(9):1.(Zhao C Z, Wei S S, Gao Y L, et al. Progress of heat-resistant steel for supercritical and ultra-supercritical steam turbine[J]. Journal of Iron and Steel Research, 2007, 19(9):1.)
[4] 傅万堂, 张百忠, 王宝忠. 超临界与超超临界转子材料发展情况综述[J]. 大型铸锻件, 2008(5):33.(Fu W T, Zhang B Z, Wang B Z. Material developing history overview of supercritical and ultra-supercritical rotors[J]. Heavy Casting and Forging, 2008(5):33.)
[5] Viswanathan R, Bakker W. Materials for ultrasupercritical coal power plants-turbine materials: Part II[J]. JMEPEG, 2001(10):96.
[6] 彭大为, 陈丰, 张经武, 等. 华能电厂发电设备国产化历程述评[J]. 热力发电, 2011(5):1.(Peng D W, Chen F, Zhang J W, et al. Review on the localization course of manufacturing power generation equipments for Huaneng power plants[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2011(5):1.)
[7] Cui H, Sun F, Chen K, et al. Precipitation behavior of Laves phase in 10%Cr steel X12CrMoWVNbN10-1-1 during short-term creep exposure [J]. Materials Science and Engineering, 2010, 527A(29):7505.
[8] Dudova N, Kaibyshev R. On the Precipitation sequence in a 10%Cr steel under tempering[J]. ISIJ International, 2011, 51:826.
[9] Cerjak H, Hofer P, Schaffernak B. The influence of microstructural aspects on the service behavior of advanced power plant steels[J]. ISIJ International, 1999, 39:874.
[10] http://www. sentesoftware.co.uk/biblio.html.2007.
[11] 张百忠. 合金元素在12%Cr型超超临界转子钢中的作用[J]. 大型铸锻件, 2008(9):9.(Zhang B Z. The function of alloy elements in 12%Cr USC rotor steel [J]. Heavy Casting and Forging, 2008(9):9.)
[12] 崔慧然, 孙峰, 梅林波, 等. 超超临界汽轮机转子X12CrMoWVNbN10-1-1钢的早期断裂分析[J]. 动力工程学报, 2010, 30(4):298.(Cui H R, Sun F, Mei L B, et al. Analysis on premature fracture of X12CrMoWVNbN10-1-1 steel for USC steam turbine rotors[J]. Journal of Chinese Society of Power Engineering, 2010, 30(4):298.)
[13] 朱红兵, 肖国华, 李益民, 等. 国产与进口10Cr转子锻件性能对比 [J]. 热力发电, 2014(5):98.(Zhu H B, Xiao G H, Li Y M, et al. Comparison of properties of domestic 10Cr rotor forging steel with materials abroad[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2014(5):98.)
[14] 马力深, 钟约先, 马庆贤, 等. 超超临界高中压转子钢TR1200热处理参数与机械性能的研究[C]//国际塑性加工先进技术研讨会论文集. 南昌: 中国机械工程学会塑性工程分会, 2007:626.(Ma L S, Zhong Y X, Mao Q X, et al. Research on heat treatment parameters and mechanical properties of TR1200[C]//Proceedings of the International Workshop on Advanced Technique of Plastic Forming. Nanchang: Plastic Engineering Branch of the Chinese Society of Mechanical Engineering, 2007:626.)
[15] 陶新刚. 超超临界汽轮机高中压转子X12CrMoWVNbN10-1-1钢热处理过程中微观组织演化与力学性能研究[D]//上海: 上海交通大学, 2015.(Tao X G. Studies on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties for Ultra-supercritical steam turbine high/intermediate pressure rotor X12CrMoWVNbN10-1-1 steel[D]//Shanghai: Shanghai Jiaotong Universtiy, 2015.)
[2] 刘显惠, 林锦堂. 国内外汽轮机大型转子锻件材料的技术进展(二)[J]. 国外金属热处理,1999, 20(6):5.(Liu X H, Lin J T. Development of domestic/foreign rotor forging materials for large scale turbines, part II[J]. Heat Treatment of Material Abroad, 1999, 20(6):5.)
[3] 赵成志, 魏双胜, 高亚龙, 等. 超临界与超超临界汽轮机耐热钢的研究进展[J]. 钢铁研究学报, 2007, 19(9):1.(Zhao C Z, Wei S S, Gao Y L, et al. Progress of heat-resistant steel for supercritical and ultra-supercritical steam turbine[J]. Journal of Iron and Steel Research, 2007, 19(9):1.)
[4] 傅万堂, 张百忠, 王宝忠. 超临界与超超临界转子材料发展情况综述[J]. 大型铸锻件, 2008(5):33.(Fu W T, Zhang B Z, Wang B Z. Material developing history overview of supercritical and ultra-supercritical rotors[J]. Heavy Casting and Forging, 2008(5):33.)
[5] Viswanathan R, Bakker W. Materials for ultrasupercritical coal power plants-turbine materials: Part II[J]. JMEPEG, 2001(10):96.
[6] 彭大为, 陈丰, 张经武, 等. 华能电厂发电设备国产化历程述评[J]. 热力发电, 2011(5):1.(Peng D W, Chen F, Zhang J W, et al. Review on the localization course of manufacturing power generation equipments for Huaneng power plants[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2011(5):1.)
[7] Cui H, Sun F, Chen K, et al. Precipitation behavior of Laves phase in 10%Cr steel X12CrMoWVNbN10-1-1 during short-term creep exposure [J]. Materials Science and Engineering, 2010, 527A(29):7505.
[8] Dudova N, Kaibyshev R. On the Precipitation sequence in a 10%Cr steel under tempering[J]. ISIJ International, 2011, 51:826.
[9] Cerjak H, Hofer P, Schaffernak B. The influence of microstructural aspects on the service behavior of advanced power plant steels[J]. ISIJ International, 1999, 39:874.
[10] http://www. sentesoftware.co.uk/biblio.html.2007.
[11] 张百忠. 合金元素在12%Cr型超超临界转子钢中的作用[J]. 大型铸锻件, 2008(9):9.(Zhang B Z. The function of alloy elements in 12%Cr USC rotor steel [J]. Heavy Casting and Forging, 2008(9):9.)
[12] 崔慧然, 孙峰, 梅林波, 等. 超超临界汽轮机转子X12CrMoWVNbN10-1-1钢的早期断裂分析[J]. 动力工程学报, 2010, 30(4):298.(Cui H R, Sun F, Mei L B, et al. Analysis on premature fracture of X12CrMoWVNbN10-1-1 steel for USC steam turbine rotors[J]. Journal of Chinese Society of Power Engineering, 2010, 30(4):298.)
[13] 朱红兵, 肖国华, 李益民, 等. 国产与进口10Cr转子锻件性能对比 [J]. 热力发电, 2014(5):98.(Zhu H B, Xiao G H, Li Y M, et al. Comparison of properties of domestic 10Cr rotor forging steel with materials abroad[J]. Thermal Power Generation, 2014(5):98.)
[14] 马力深, 钟约先, 马庆贤, 等. 超超临界高中压转子钢TR1200热处理参数与机械性能的研究[C]//国际塑性加工先进技术研讨会论文集. 南昌: 中国机械工程学会塑性工程分会, 2007:626.(Ma L S, Zhong Y X, Mao Q X, et al. Research on heat treatment parameters and mechanical properties of TR1200[C]//Proceedings of the International Workshop on Advanced Technique of Plastic Forming. Nanchang: Plastic Engineering Branch of the Chinese Society of Mechanical Engineering, 2007:626.)
[15] 陶新刚. 超超临界汽轮机高中压转子X12CrMoWVNbN10-1-1钢热处理过程中微观组织演化与力学性能研究[D]//上海: 上海交通大学, 2015.(Tao X G. Studies on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties for Ultra-supercritical steam turbine high/intermediate pressure rotor X12CrMoWVNbN10-1-1 steel[D]//Shanghai: Shanghai Jiaotong Universtiy, 2015.)