抗寒苜蓿品系生产性能评价及ISSR遗传多样性分析
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摘要
对3个紫花苜蓿品系GNKH-1,GNKH-2和GNKH-3在高寒湿润气候区进行了连续两年的品系比较试验,研究其生产性能和遗传基础差异,以俄罗斯杂花,金皇后和阿尔冈金紫花苜蓿为对照。结果表明:GNKH-3的年平均越冬率最高(85.55%);干草产量最高(5.74 t/hm~2);株高、生长速度、分枝数、叶茎比均比对照表现良好,分别为62.03 cm、0.80 cm/d、15.3个/株、1.02。ISSR分子标记结果为,引物的多态位点百分率62.07%,基因多样性指数和Shannon’s信息指数的平均值分别为0.267 6和0.384 2。3个抗寒苜蓿品系与对照的遗传相似性都比较小,介于0.482 8～0.666 7。聚类分析表明:8条ISSR引物在遗传距离0.78处将供试苜蓿材料分为2类,第1类包含3个抗寒苜蓿品系材料,在高寒湿润气候区具有高产、生产性能强的特点;第2类包含3个对照材料,其产量、生产性能相对第1类材料较低。主成分分析法评价紫花苜蓿的生产性能,综合排序为:GNKH-3>GNKH-2>GNKH-1>阿尔冈金>俄罗斯杂花>金皇后。
The production performance and genetic diversity of 3 cold-resistant materials(GNKH-1,GNKH-2 and GNKH-3) of Medicago sativa was studied in cold humid climate zone and M.sativa subsp.varia,M.sativa cv.Conden Empress and M.sativa cv.Algonguin were used as controls.Result showed that the average wintering rate and hay yield of GNKH-3 were the highest(85.55% and 5.74 t/ha).which was 70.19%,70.83%,56.72% digger than that of M.sativa subsp. varia,M.sativa cv.Golden Empress and M.sativa cv.Algonguin.The plant height(62.03 cm),growth rate(0.80 cm/d),branch number(15.3) and leaf-stem ratio(1.02) of GNKH-3 were higher than controls.According to the ISSR molecular marker results,the polymorphic loci was 62.07%.The average value of gene diversity index and Shannon's information index were 0.267 6 and 0.384 2 respectively.The low genetically similarity between 3 cold-resistant materials and controls ranged from 0.482 8 to 0.666 7.The tested materials were divided into two groups based on clustering analysis at genetic distance of 0.78 by eight primers.The cold-resistant materials were clustered in Group 1 for their high yield and production performance.Group two included 3 materials in control group for their low productivity.PCA comprehensive rank of tested materials was GNKH-3>GNKH-2>GNKH-1>M.sativa cv.Algonguin>M.sativa var.varia>M.sativa cv.Golden Empress.
The production performance and genetic diversity of 3 cold-resistant materials(GNKH-1,GNKH-2 and GNKH-3) of Medicago sativa was studied in cold humid climate zone and M.sativa subsp.varia,M.sativa cv.Conden Empress and M.sativa cv.Algonguin were used as controls.Result showed that the average wintering rate and hay yield of GNKH-3 were the highest(85.55% and 5.74 t/ha).which was 70.19%,70.83%,56.72% digger than that of M.sativa subsp. varia,M.sativa cv.Golden Empress and M.sativa cv.Algonguin.The plant height(62.03 cm),growth rate(0.80 cm/d),branch number(15.3) and leaf-stem ratio(1.02) of GNKH-3 were higher than controls.According to the ISSR molecular marker results,the polymorphic loci was 62.07%.The average value of gene diversity index and Shannon's information index were 0.267 6 and 0.384 2 respectively.The low genetically similarity between 3 cold-resistant materials and controls ranged from 0.482 8 to 0.666 7.The tested materials were divided into two groups based on clustering analysis at genetic distance of 0.78 by eight primers.The cold-resistant materials were clustered in Group 1 for their high yield and production performance.Group two included 3 materials in control group for their low productivity.PCA comprehensive rank of tested materials was GNKH-3>GNKH-2>GNKH-1>M.sativa cv.Algonguin>M.sativa var.varia>M.sativa cv.Golden Empress.
引文
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[8] 杨曌,李红,黄新育,等.应用灰色关联度综合评价16个引进苜蓿品种的生产性能[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2015(1):105-108.
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[13] 孙洪,程静,詹克慧,等.ISSR标记技术及其在作物遗传育种中的应用[J].分子植物育种,2005(1):123-127.
[14] 郭江波,赵来喜.中国苜蓿育成品种遗传多样性及亲缘关系研究[J].中国草地,2004,26(1):9-13
[15] 王晓娟,孙月华,杨晓莉,等.苜蓿遗传图谱构建及其应用[J].草业学报,2008,7(3):119-127
[16] 畅喜云,范月君,王晓力,等.青藏高原高海拔地区极抗寒苜蓿新品系选育报告[J].草业与畜牧,2013(6):101-106.
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[18] 杨晓,李锦华,朱新强.等.西藏 "一江两河" 地区苜蓿生产性能灰色关联综合评价[J].中国农学通报,2015,02:80-84.
[19] 陈玲玲,杨秀芳,乌艳红,等.35 个苜蓿品种在内蒙古赤峰地区的生产性能评价[J].草业科学,2012,20(5):11-13.
[20] 郑红梅.22 个苜蓿品种生长和品质特性研究及综合评价[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2005.
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[22] 孟昭仪.苜蓿品种引种鉴定及其推广应用的研究[C]//中国国际草业发展大会论文集.北京:中国农业出版社,1986.
[23] 马彦麟,齐广平,汪精海,等.西北荒漠灌区紫花苜蓿产量和营养品质对水分调控的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2018,53(6):171-179.
[24] 孙建华,王彦荣,余玲.苜蓿生长特性及产量性状相关性研究[J].草业学报,2004,13(3):80-86.
[25] 张颖娟,王斯琴花.不同苜蓿种质材料的ISSR分析及遗传多样性研究[J].中国草地学报,2014,03:35-39.
[26] 段永红,渠云芳.遗传标记在植物研究中的应用[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2010:210-221.
[27] 刘晓生,郑道序,周春娟,等.潮汕余甘子种质资源遗传多样性与亲缘关系的ISSR分析[J].中国南方果树,2014,43(1):18-22.
[2] 刘慧霞,王康英,郭正刚.不同土壤水分条件下硅对苜蓿生理特性及品质的影响[J].中国草地学报,2011,33(3):2-27.
[3] 李蕴玉.畜禽生产[M].石家庄:河北科技出版社,2009:179-191.
[4] 韩立辉,尚占环,任国华,等.青藏高原 “黑土滩” 退化草地植物和土壤对秃斑面积变化的响应[J].草业学报,2011,20(1):1-6.
[5] 朱博,师尚礼,倪磊,等.12个苜蓿材料速生性能综合评价[J].植物遗传资源学报,2014,14(2):436-440.
[6] 王虹,师尚礼,刘正璟.优质、速生、抗虫苜蓿多元杂交后代优良株系的性状分离与评价筛选[J].植物遗传资源学报,2015,15(6):1330-1337.
[7] 丁培俊,索燕萍,李冬红,等.甘南高寒牧区苜蓿引种试验初报[J].中国草地学报,2006,28(5):113-117.
[8] 杨曌,李红,黄新育,等.应用灰色关联度综合评价16个引进苜蓿品种的生产性能[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2015(1):105-108.
[9] 李红,李波,赵洪波,等.苜蓿种质资源遗传关系的ISSR分析[J].草地学报,2012,20(1):96-101.
[10] 李哲,师尚礼,王虹.苜蓿多元杂交后代的遗传多样性[J].草原与草坪,2013,33(4):1-6.
[11] 杨瞾,张新全,李向林,等.应用灰色关联度综合评价17个不同秋眠级苜蓿的生产性能[J].草业学报,2009,18(5):67-72.
[12] 韩清芳,贾志宽.苜蓿种质资源评价与筛选[M].杨凌:西北农林科技大学出版社,2004.
[13] 孙洪,程静,詹克慧,等.ISSR标记技术及其在作物遗传育种中的应用[J].分子植物育种,2005(1):123-127.
[14] 郭江波,赵来喜.中国苜蓿育成品种遗传多样性及亲缘关系研究[J].中国草地,2004,26(1):9-13
[15] 王晓娟,孙月华,杨晓莉,等.苜蓿遗传图谱构建及其应用[J].草业学报,2008,7(3):119-127
[16] 畅喜云,范月君,王晓力,等.青藏高原高海拔地区极抗寒苜蓿新品系选育报告[J].草业与畜牧,2013(6):101-106.
[17] 潘正武,富新年,张起荣,等.天祝高寒地区苜蓿引种试验[J].草业科学,2013,21(10):1589-1593.
[18] 杨晓,李锦华,朱新强.等.西藏 "一江两河" 地区苜蓿生产性能灰色关联综合评价[J].中国农学通报,2015,02:80-84.
[19] 陈玲玲,杨秀芳,乌艳红,等.35 个苜蓿品种在内蒙古赤峰地区的生产性能评价[J].草业科学,2012,20(5):11-13.
[20] 郑红梅.22 个苜蓿品种生长和品质特性研究及综合评价[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2005.
[21] Davis R L,Baker R J.Predicting yields from associated characters in Medicago sativa L.[J].Crop sci,1966(2):492-494.
[22] 孟昭仪.苜蓿品种引种鉴定及其推广应用的研究[C]//中国国际草业发展大会论文集.北京:中国农业出版社,1986.
[23] 马彦麟,齐广平,汪精海,等.西北荒漠灌区紫花苜蓿产量和营养品质对水分调控的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2018,53(6):171-179.
[24] 孙建华,王彦荣,余玲.苜蓿生长特性及产量性状相关性研究[J].草业学报,2004,13(3):80-86.
[25] 张颖娟,王斯琴花.不同苜蓿种质材料的ISSR分析及遗传多样性研究[J].中国草地学报,2014,03:35-39.
[26] 段永红,渠云芳.遗传标记在植物研究中的应用[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2010:210-221.
[27] 刘晓生,郑道序,周春娟,等.潮汕余甘子种质资源遗传多样性与亲缘关系的ISSR分析[J].中国南方果树,2014,43(1):18-22.