重金属污染对植物的影响及植物修复技术
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摘要
总结了污染水体和土壤的重金属种类以及重金属的来源,分析了重金属对植物的根系、叶片生理功能、种子萌发、光合作用、酶活性等产生的影响,并从植物提取、植物稳定、根际过滤、植物挥发等方面阐述了植物修复技术的方式及其机理。提出了植物修复技术的不足和发展前景。
The types and sources of heavy metals in the polluted water and soils were summarized in this paper.The effects of heavy metals on plant root system,physiological function of leaves,seed germination,photosynthesis and enzyme activity were analyzed. The methods and mechanisms of phytoremediation technology were elucidated on the basis of phytoextraction, phytostabilization,rhizofiltration and phytovolatilization. Finally, the shortcomings and development trends of phytoremediation technology in the future were summarized.
The types and sources of heavy metals in the polluted water and soils were summarized in this paper.The effects of heavy metals on plant root system,physiological function of leaves,seed germination,photosynthesis and enzyme activity were analyzed. The methods and mechanisms of phytoremediation technology were elucidated on the basis of phytoextraction, phytostabilization,rhizofiltration and phytovolatilization. Finally, the shortcomings and development trends of phytoremediation technology in the future were summarized.
引文
[1]QIN Y S,ZHAO J,LIU Z Q,et al.Study on the influences of combined pollution of heavy metals Cu and Pb on Soil Respiration[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2008,36(3):1117-1118
[2]OGHENEROBOR B A,GLADYS O O,TOMILOLA D O.Heavy metal pollutants in wastewater effluents:sources,effcts and remediation.[J].Advaces in Bioscience and Bioengineering,2014,2(4):37-43.
[3]ADELAIDE K.Managing water pollution in china with social media[EB/OL].Future Directions International[2016-06-09].http://www.futuredirections.org.au/publication/managing-water-pollutionchina-social-media/
[4]ZHAO F J,MA Y,ZHU Y G,et al.Soil contamination in China:Current status and mitigation strategies[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2015,49(2):750-759.
[5]马敏,龚惠红,邓泓.重金属对8种园林植物种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(22):206-211.
[6]陈颖,孙丰胜,曹福亮,等.铜处理对喜树种子萌发及幼苗生长、生理代谢的动态影响[J].西北林学院学报,2008,23(2):1-6.
[7]RAHOUI S,CHAOUI A,EI FERJANI E.Membrane damage and solute leakage from germinating pea seed under cadmium stress[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2010,178(1-3):1128-1131.
[8]未晓巍,吕杰,武慧,等.植物根系研究进展[J].北方园艺,2012(18):206-209.
[9]SHELDON A R,MENZIES N W.The effect of copper toxicity on the growth and root morphology of Rhodes grass(Chloris gayana Knuth.)in resin buffered solution culture[J].Plant and Soil,2005,278(1-2):341-349.
[10]王慧忠,何翠屏,赵楠.铅对草坪植物生物量与叶绿素水平的影响[J].草业科学,2003,20(6),73-75.
[11]赵玉红,拉巴曲吉,罗布,等.铜、镉、铅、锌对4种豆科植物种子萌发的影响[J].种子,2017,36(1):22-28
[12]EBBS S D,KOCHIAN L V.Toxicity of zinc and copper to Brassica species:implications for phytoremediation[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,1997,26(3):776-781.
[13]何翠屏.环境中重金属污染及其对植物生长发育的影响[J].青海草业,2004,13(2):26-29.
[14]储玲.铜尾矿废弃地重金属污染对三叶草幼苗生长和植物-土壤酶系统影响的研究[D].安徽师范大学,2004.
[15]杨居荣,贺建群,蒋婉茹.Cd污染对植物生理生化的影响[J].农业环境保护,1995,14(5):193-197.
[16]杨丽丽.铜胁迫对甜菜幼苗生长和光合特性的影响[D].山东师范大学,2013.
[17]陈国祥,施国新,何兵,等.Hg、Cd对莼菜越冬芽光合膜光化学活性及多肽组分的影响[J].环境科学学报,1999,19(5):521-525.
[18]邱栋梁,张国军,余东,等.Cu胁迫对柑桔叶片膜透性及酶活性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2007,26(3):1008-1013.
[19]陈愚,任久长,蔡晓明.镉对沉水植物硝酸还原酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性的影响[J].环境科学学报,1998,18(3):313-317.
[20]赵菲佚,翟禄新,陈荃,等.Cd、Pb复合处理下对植物膜的伤害初探[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2002,38(2):115-120.
[21]孔祥生,张妙霞,郭秀璞.Cd2+毒害对玉米幼苗细胞膜透性及保护酶活性的影响[J].农业环境保护,1999,18(3):133-134.
[22]屠晓翠,蔡妙珍,孙建国.大型水生植物对污染水体的净化作用和机理[J].安徽农业科学,2006,34(12):2843-2844,2867.
[23]FRITIOFF A,GREGER M.Uptake and distribution of Zn,Cu,Cd,and Pb in an aquatic plant Potamogeton natans[J].Chemosphere,2006,63(2):220-227.
[24]林海,陈思,董颖博,等.黑藻、狐尾藻对重金属铅、镉、铬、钒污染水体的修复[J].中国有色金属学报,2017,27(1):178-186.
[25]陈明利,张艳丽,吴晓芙,等.人工湿地植物处理含重金属生活废水的实验研究[J].环境科学与技术,2008,31(12):164-168.
[26]李晶,栾亚宁,孙向阳,等.水生植物修复重金属污染水体研究进展[J].世界林业研究,2015,28(2):31-35.
[27]胡啸,蔡辉.3种类型水生植物及其组合对污染水体中铬、氮和磷的净化效果研究[J].水处理技术,2012,38(4):45-54.
[28]GIORDANI C,CECCHI S,ZANCHI C.Phytoremediation of soil polluted by nickel using agricultural crops[J].Environmental Management,2005,36(5):675-681.
[29]张晗芝,郭庆军,杨俊兴,等.不同品种蓖麻对镉的响应及修复能力评价[J].生态环境学报2016,25(3):531-538
[30]CHIRAKKARA R A,REDDY K R.Plant species identification for phytoremediation of mixed contaminated soils[J].Journal of Hazardous Toxic&Radioactive Waste,2015,19(4):1-10.
[31]杨国方,杨宇,汪春云,等.清镇市烟灯坡矿山废弃地植被恢复技术试验研究[J].贵州林业科技,2004,32(3):35-42.
[32]PIERRE V,CLAUDIA C,MADELEINE S,et al.Localization and effects of cadmium in leaves of a cadmium-tolerant willow(Salix viminalis L.):Part II Microlocalization and cellular effects of cadmium[J].Environmental and Experimental Botany,2006,58(1-3):25-40.
[33]邱媛,何际泽,杨汉彬,等.矿区常见乔木叶片重金属特征及其修复应用[J].生态环境学报,2013,22(1):151-156.
[34]周树理.柳树吸收有害物质能力的测定[J].江苏林业科技,1988,(1):30-31.
[35]褚建民,王燕,王琼,等.油松和侧柏常绿树种对典型污染物的吸滞与富集作用[J].气象环境学报,2012,28(3):15-20.
[36]BROOKS R R,LEE J,REEVES R D,et al.Detection of nickeliferous rocks by alysus of herbarium sepcies of indicator plants[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,1977(7):49-57.
[37]LASAT M M.Phytoextraction of metals from contaminated soil:a review of plant/soil/metal interaction and assessment of pertinent agronomic issues[J].Journal of Hazardous Substance Research,2000(2):1-25.
[38]CHANEY R L.Plant uptake of inorganic waste constituents[J].Land Treatment of Hazardous Wastes,1983,50-76.
[39]BAKER A J M,MCGRTH S P,SIDOLI C M D,et al.The possibility of in situ heavy metal decontamination of polluted soils using crops of metal-accumulating plants[J].Resources,Conservation and Recycling,1994,11(1-4):41-49.
[40]SACHS J.Handbuch der Experimental-Physiologie der Pflanzen:Untersuchungen uber die allgemeinen Lebensbedingungen der Pflanzen und die Functionen ihrer Organe[M].Leipzig:Wilhelm Engelmann,1865:153-154.
[41]MA L Q,KOMAR K M,TU C,et al.A fern that hyperaccumulates arsenic——a hardy,versatile,fastgrowing plant helps to remove arsenic from contaminated soils[J].Nature,2001,409(6820):579-579
[42]姚诗音,刘杰,王怡璇,等.青葙对镉的超富集特征及累积动态研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(8):1470-1476.
[43]MAHTAB A N,FATEMEH K.Accumulation of Pb,Zn,Cu and Fe in plants and hyperaccumulator choice in Galali iron mine area,Iran[J].International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences,2013,5(4):426-432.
[44]MUELLER B,ROCK S.Phytoremediation decision tree[M].USA:Interstate Technology and Regulatory Cooperation Work Group,1999.
[45]邢前国,潘伟斌,张太平.重金属污染土壤的植物修复技术[J].生态学报,2003,22(3):275-279
[46]ALVARENGA P,GONCALVE A P,FERNANDES R M,et al.Organic residues as immobilizing agents in aided phytostabilization:(I)Effects on soil chemical characteristics[J].Chemosphere,2009,74(10):1292-1300.
[47]BANUELOS G S,MEEK D W.Accumulation of selenium in plants grown on selenium-treated soils[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,1990,19(4):772-777.
[48]BANUELOS G S,CARDON G,MACKEY B,et al.Boron and selenium removal in boron-laden soils by four sprinkler irrigated plant species[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,1993,22(4):786-792.
[49]TERRY N,CARLSON C,RAAB T K,et al.Rates of selenium volatilization among crop species[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,1992,21(3):341-344.
[50]ZAYED A M,TERRY N.Selenium volatilization in roots and shoots:effects of shoot removal and sulfate level[J].Journal of Plant Physiology,1994,143(1):8-14.
[51]HENRY J R.An overview of phytoremediation of lead and mercury[M].D.C:Washington,Environmental Protection Agency Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response Technology Innovation Office,2000.
[52]SHAH K,NONGKYNRIH J M.Metal hyperaccumulation and bioremediation[J].Biologia Plantarum,2007,51(4):618-634.
[53]ZHANG X Y,ZHONG T Y,OUYANG X Y.Impact of soil heavy metal pollution on food safety in china[J].PLoS One,2015,10(8):135-182.
[2]OGHENEROBOR B A,GLADYS O O,TOMILOLA D O.Heavy metal pollutants in wastewater effluents:sources,effcts and remediation.[J].Advaces in Bioscience and Bioengineering,2014,2(4):37-43.
[3]ADELAIDE K.Managing water pollution in china with social media[EB/OL].Future Directions International[2016-06-09].http://www.futuredirections.org.au/publication/managing-water-pollutionchina-social-media/
[4]ZHAO F J,MA Y,ZHU Y G,et al.Soil contamination in China:Current status and mitigation strategies[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2015,49(2):750-759.
[5]马敏,龚惠红,邓泓.重金属对8种园林植物种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(22):206-211.
[6]陈颖,孙丰胜,曹福亮,等.铜处理对喜树种子萌发及幼苗生长、生理代谢的动态影响[J].西北林学院学报,2008,23(2):1-6.
[7]RAHOUI S,CHAOUI A,EI FERJANI E.Membrane damage and solute leakage from germinating pea seed under cadmium stress[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2010,178(1-3):1128-1131.
[8]未晓巍,吕杰,武慧,等.植物根系研究进展[J].北方园艺,2012(18):206-209.
[9]SHELDON A R,MENZIES N W.The effect of copper toxicity on the growth and root morphology of Rhodes grass(Chloris gayana Knuth.)in resin buffered solution culture[J].Plant and Soil,2005,278(1-2):341-349.
[10]王慧忠,何翠屏,赵楠.铅对草坪植物生物量与叶绿素水平的影响[J].草业科学,2003,20(6),73-75.
[11]赵玉红,拉巴曲吉,罗布,等.铜、镉、铅、锌对4种豆科植物种子萌发的影响[J].种子,2017,36(1):22-28
[12]EBBS S D,KOCHIAN L V.Toxicity of zinc and copper to Brassica species:implications for phytoremediation[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,1997,26(3):776-781.
[13]何翠屏.环境中重金属污染及其对植物生长发育的影响[J].青海草业,2004,13(2):26-29.
[14]储玲.铜尾矿废弃地重金属污染对三叶草幼苗生长和植物-土壤酶系统影响的研究[D].安徽师范大学,2004.
[15]杨居荣,贺建群,蒋婉茹.Cd污染对植物生理生化的影响[J].农业环境保护,1995,14(5):193-197.
[16]杨丽丽.铜胁迫对甜菜幼苗生长和光合特性的影响[D].山东师范大学,2013.
[17]陈国祥,施国新,何兵,等.Hg、Cd对莼菜越冬芽光合膜光化学活性及多肽组分的影响[J].环境科学学报,1999,19(5):521-525.
[18]邱栋梁,张国军,余东,等.Cu胁迫对柑桔叶片膜透性及酶活性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2007,26(3):1008-1013.
[19]陈愚,任久长,蔡晓明.镉对沉水植物硝酸还原酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性的影响[J].环境科学学报,1998,18(3):313-317.
[20]赵菲佚,翟禄新,陈荃,等.Cd、Pb复合处理下对植物膜的伤害初探[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2002,38(2):115-120.
[21]孔祥生,张妙霞,郭秀璞.Cd2+毒害对玉米幼苗细胞膜透性及保护酶活性的影响[J].农业环境保护,1999,18(3):133-134.
[22]屠晓翠,蔡妙珍,孙建国.大型水生植物对污染水体的净化作用和机理[J].安徽农业科学,2006,34(12):2843-2844,2867.
[23]FRITIOFF A,GREGER M.Uptake and distribution of Zn,Cu,Cd,and Pb in an aquatic plant Potamogeton natans[J].Chemosphere,2006,63(2):220-227.
[24]林海,陈思,董颖博,等.黑藻、狐尾藻对重金属铅、镉、铬、钒污染水体的修复[J].中国有色金属学报,2017,27(1):178-186.
[25]陈明利,张艳丽,吴晓芙,等.人工湿地植物处理含重金属生活废水的实验研究[J].环境科学与技术,2008,31(12):164-168.
[26]李晶,栾亚宁,孙向阳,等.水生植物修复重金属污染水体研究进展[J].世界林业研究,2015,28(2):31-35.
[27]胡啸,蔡辉.3种类型水生植物及其组合对污染水体中铬、氮和磷的净化效果研究[J].水处理技术,2012,38(4):45-54.
[28]GIORDANI C,CECCHI S,ZANCHI C.Phytoremediation of soil polluted by nickel using agricultural crops[J].Environmental Management,2005,36(5):675-681.
[29]张晗芝,郭庆军,杨俊兴,等.不同品种蓖麻对镉的响应及修复能力评价[J].生态环境学报2016,25(3):531-538
[30]CHIRAKKARA R A,REDDY K R.Plant species identification for phytoremediation of mixed contaminated soils[J].Journal of Hazardous Toxic&Radioactive Waste,2015,19(4):1-10.
[31]杨国方,杨宇,汪春云,等.清镇市烟灯坡矿山废弃地植被恢复技术试验研究[J].贵州林业科技,2004,32(3):35-42.
[32]PIERRE V,CLAUDIA C,MADELEINE S,et al.Localization and effects of cadmium in leaves of a cadmium-tolerant willow(Salix viminalis L.):Part II Microlocalization and cellular effects of cadmium[J].Environmental and Experimental Botany,2006,58(1-3):25-40.
[33]邱媛,何际泽,杨汉彬,等.矿区常见乔木叶片重金属特征及其修复应用[J].生态环境学报,2013,22(1):151-156.
[34]周树理.柳树吸收有害物质能力的测定[J].江苏林业科技,1988,(1):30-31.
[35]褚建民,王燕,王琼,等.油松和侧柏常绿树种对典型污染物的吸滞与富集作用[J].气象环境学报,2012,28(3):15-20.
[36]BROOKS R R,LEE J,REEVES R D,et al.Detection of nickeliferous rocks by alysus of herbarium sepcies of indicator plants[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,1977(7):49-57.
[37]LASAT M M.Phytoextraction of metals from contaminated soil:a review of plant/soil/metal interaction and assessment of pertinent agronomic issues[J].Journal of Hazardous Substance Research,2000(2):1-25.
[38]CHANEY R L.Plant uptake of inorganic waste constituents[J].Land Treatment of Hazardous Wastes,1983,50-76.
[39]BAKER A J M,MCGRTH S P,SIDOLI C M D,et al.The possibility of in situ heavy metal decontamination of polluted soils using crops of metal-accumulating plants[J].Resources,Conservation and Recycling,1994,11(1-4):41-49.
[40]SACHS J.Handbuch der Experimental-Physiologie der Pflanzen:Untersuchungen uber die allgemeinen Lebensbedingungen der Pflanzen und die Functionen ihrer Organe[M].Leipzig:Wilhelm Engelmann,1865:153-154.
[41]MA L Q,KOMAR K M,TU C,et al.A fern that hyperaccumulates arsenic——a hardy,versatile,fastgrowing plant helps to remove arsenic from contaminated soils[J].Nature,2001,409(6820):579-579
[42]姚诗音,刘杰,王怡璇,等.青葙对镉的超富集特征及累积动态研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2017,36(8):1470-1476.
[43]MAHTAB A N,FATEMEH K.Accumulation of Pb,Zn,Cu and Fe in plants and hyperaccumulator choice in Galali iron mine area,Iran[J].International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences,2013,5(4):426-432.
[44]MUELLER B,ROCK S.Phytoremediation decision tree[M].USA:Interstate Technology and Regulatory Cooperation Work Group,1999.
[45]邢前国,潘伟斌,张太平.重金属污染土壤的植物修复技术[J].生态学报,2003,22(3):275-279
[46]ALVARENGA P,GONCALVE A P,FERNANDES R M,et al.Organic residues as immobilizing agents in aided phytostabilization:(I)Effects on soil chemical characteristics[J].Chemosphere,2009,74(10):1292-1300.
[47]BANUELOS G S,MEEK D W.Accumulation of selenium in plants grown on selenium-treated soils[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,1990,19(4):772-777.
[48]BANUELOS G S,CARDON G,MACKEY B,et al.Boron and selenium removal in boron-laden soils by four sprinkler irrigated plant species[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,1993,22(4):786-792.
[49]TERRY N,CARLSON C,RAAB T K,et al.Rates of selenium volatilization among crop species[J].Journal of Environmental Quality,1992,21(3):341-344.
[50]ZAYED A M,TERRY N.Selenium volatilization in roots and shoots:effects of shoot removal and sulfate level[J].Journal of Plant Physiology,1994,143(1):8-14.
[51]HENRY J R.An overview of phytoremediation of lead and mercury[M].D.C:Washington,Environmental Protection Agency Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response Technology Innovation Office,2000.
[52]SHAH K,NONGKYNRIH J M.Metal hyperaccumulation and bioremediation[J].Biologia Plantarum,2007,51(4):618-634.
[53]ZHANG X Y,ZHONG T Y,OUYANG X Y.Impact of soil heavy metal pollution on food safety in china[J].PLoS One,2015,10(8):135-182.