滚起一窝香雪——茶匙和茶筅
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摘要
点茶法是宋代独特的饮茶方式。该饮茶方式所用到的茶具包括了碾、罗、瓶、盏、匙、筅等多达十余种的器物。而其中的茶筅和茶匙是直接用于点茶的器具之一,随着点茶法的兴起、繁盛乃至消失,茶筅和茶匙也随之发生了一系列的变化。茶筅从原来的清洁用具,经过不断的变化成为点茶的核心用具,最后随着点茶法的消失而退出历史舞台。茶匙从原来的量取工具发展成点茶用具,其功能随着饮茶方式的改变而不断转化。同时,宋代的茶匙和茶筅通过海上之路的传播,在日本的茶道中继续扮演重要的角色。
The Song people drank tea in a way quite different from the people in the Tang Dynasty. Instead of tea boiling,they advocated Diancha(tea whisking), in which process the teawares used included more than ten kinds of utensils such as ewer, tea spoon, tea bowl and bamboo tea whisk. As the way of drinking tea changed, the tea whisk and the teaspoon have also experienced a series of changes. From the original cleaning utensils, the tea whisk has been constantly changing into the core tool in tea-making, and finally withdrew from the historical stage with the disappearance of the Diancha(tea whisking).Teaspoons have evolved from the original measuring tools into tea whisking utensils, and have undergone continuous transformation of functions. At the same time, the spreading of the tea spoons and tea whisk of the Song Dynasty through the sea route has made them continue to play a major role in the Japanese tea ceremony.
The Song people drank tea in a way quite different from the people in the Tang Dynasty. Instead of tea boiling,they advocated Diancha(tea whisking), in which process the teawares used included more than ten kinds of utensils such as ewer, tea spoon, tea bowl and bamboo tea whisk. As the way of drinking tea changed, the tea whisk and the teaspoon have also experienced a series of changes. From the original cleaning utensils, the tea whisk has been constantly changing into the core tool in tea-making, and finally withdrew from the historical stage with the disappearance of the Diancha(tea whisking).Teaspoons have evolved from the original measuring tools into tea whisking utensils, and have undergone continuous transformation of functions. At the same time, the spreading of the tea spoons and tea whisk of the Song Dynasty through the sea route has made them continue to play a major role in the Japanese tea ceremony.
引文
[1]郑培凯,朱自振.中国历代茶书汇编校注本[M].香港:商务印书馆,2007.
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[2]赵方任辑注.唐宋茶诗辑注[M].北京:中国致公出版社,2001.
[3]关剑平.茶筅的起源[J].农业考古,1997,(4).
[4]周振甫.唐诗宋词元曲全集第5册[M].合肥:黄山书社,1999.
[5]杨镰.全元诗第51册[M].北京:中华书局,2013.
[6](宋)洪迈.夷坚志[M].重庆:重庆出版社,1996.
[7]陈宗懋.中国茶叶大辞典[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2000.
[8]关剑平.茶与中国文化[M].北京:人民出版社,2001.
[9]廖宝秀.芳茗远播——亚洲茶文化[M].中国台北:“故宫”博物院,2015.