基于VSP资料的碳酸盐岩溶洞定位技术
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摘要
塔里木盆地碳酸盐岩储层以裂缝、裂缝孔洞、洞穴型为主,储层纵、横向非均质性强,预测的溶洞空间位置受地震资料成像精度及分辨率影响而大多会出现偏差。为了确定碳酸盐岩地区目标井钻头前方缝洞体的空间位置,提出一种基于VSP资料的井旁溶洞定位技术以准确预测溶洞空间位置,实时提供钻井靶心坐标,提高中靶精度。该项技术可细分为基于零井源距VSP资料的井地联合溶洞定位和Walkaround-VSP井旁溶洞定位。现该技术已被广泛应用于塔里木盆地碳酸盐岩地区,提高了该类储层直接钻遇率,并为老井二次改造提供了新思路。
Carbonate reservoirs in Tarim Basin are fracture,fracture-cave,and cave reservoirs characterized by strong spatial heterogeneity.So carbonate cave spatial positioning has large errors due to seismic poor imaging and low resolution.In order to have an accurate target positioning in the front of drilling bit in carbonate rock areas,we propose a karst-cave positioning approach at wells based on VSP data,which can provide drilling target coordinates and improve the drilling rate of carbonate reservoirs.There is two ways to do this:one is karst-cave positioning based on the joint use of zero-VSP and surface seismic data,and the other one is based on only walkaround-VSP data.The proposed approach now is widely applied in Tarim Basin,and has achieved quite good results,which provides a new idea for the second development in old carbonate-reservoir oilfields.
Carbonate reservoirs in Tarim Basin are fracture,fracture-cave,and cave reservoirs characterized by strong spatial heterogeneity.So carbonate cave spatial positioning has large errors due to seismic poor imaging and low resolution.In order to have an accurate target positioning in the front of drilling bit in carbonate rock areas,we propose a karst-cave positioning approach at wells based on VSP data,which can provide drilling target coordinates and improve the drilling rate of carbonate reservoirs.There is two ways to do this:one is karst-cave positioning based on the joint use of zero-VSP and surface seismic data,and the other one is based on only walkaround-VSP data.The proposed approach now is widely applied in Tarim Basin,and has achieved quite good results,which provides a new idea for the second development in old carbonate-reservoir oilfields.
引文
[1] 朱光有,杨海军,朱永峰,等.塔里木盆地哈拉哈塘地区碳酸盐岩油气地质特征与富集成藏[J].岩石学报,2011,27(3):827-844.ZHU Guangyou,YANG Haijun,ZHU Yongfeng,et al.Study on petroleum geological characteristics and accumulation of carbonate reservoirs in Hanilcatam area,Tarim basin[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2011,27(3):827-844.
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[3] 杨平,孙赞东,李海银,等.影响岩溶缝洞体地震反射特征的关键因素分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2015,50(3):523-529.YANG Ping,SUN Zandong,LI Haiyin,et al.Key influence factors of Karst fracture-cave bodies on reflection characteristics[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2015,50(3):523-529.
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[7] 马丽娟,孔庆莹,刘坤岩,等.塔河油田奥陶系油藏弱振幅反射特征及形成机理[J].石油地球物理勘探,2014,49(2):338-343.MA Lijuan,KONG Qingying,LIU Kunyan,et al.Weak reflection characteristics and its formation mechanism of Ordovician reservoir in Tahe Oilfield[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2014,49(2):338-343.
[8] 孙东,潘建国,雍学善,等.碳酸盐岩储层垂向长串珠形成机制[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(增刊1):101-104.SUN Dong,PAN Jianguo,YONG Xueshan,et al.Formation mechanism of vertical “long string beads” in carbonate reservoir[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2010,45(S1):101-104.
[9] 李凡异,魏建新,狄帮让,等.碳酸盐岩孔洞储层地震物理模型研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(2):272-280.LI Fanyi,WEI Jianxin,DI Bangrang,et al.Seismic physical model of carbonate cavern reservoirs[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2016,51(2):272-280.
[10] 曲寿利,朱生旺,赵群,等.碳酸盐岩孔洞型储集体地震反射特征分析[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(6): 2053-2061.QU Shouli,ZHU Shengwang,ZHAO Qun,et al.Analysis of seismic reflection characters for carbonate Karst reservoir[J].Chinese Journal Of Geophysics,2012,55(6):2053-2061.
[11] 彭更新,但光箭,郑多明,等.塔里木盆地哈拉哈塘地区三维叠前时间偏移与储层定量雕刻[J].中国石油勘探,2011,16(增刊1):49-56,172.PENG Gengxin,DAN Guangjian,ZHENG Duoming,et al.3D prestack depth migration and quantitative characterization of carbonate reservoirs in Halahatang Area.Tarim Basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2011,16(S1):49-56,172.
[12] Shi H X,Peng G X,Zheng D M,et al.Integration of surface and well information to drilling success for onshore carbonate caves[C].Abstracts of 76th EAGE Conference & Exhibition,2014.
[13] 史鸿祥,李辉,郑多明,等.基于随钻地震测井的地震导向钻井技术——以塔里木油田哈拉哈塘区块缝洞型储集体为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2016,43(4):662-668.SHI Hongxiang,LI Hui,ZHENG Duoming,et al.Seismic guided drilling technique based on seismic while drilling (SWD):A case study of fracture-cave reservoirs of Halahatang block,Tarim Oilfield,NW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2016,43(4):662-668.
[14] 苟量,杨举勇,罗斌,等.随钻VSP技术研究及初步应用效果[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(2):183-189.GOU Liang,YANG Juyong,LUO Bin,et al.Studying SWD VSP technique and results of its preliminary ap-plication[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2005,40(2):183-189.
[15] 黄伟传,葛洪魁,吴何珍,等.地震干涉处理方法在随钻地震资料处理中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(1):32-36.HUANG Weichuan,GE Hongkui,WU Hezhen,et al.Seismic interferometriy in seismic whiling drilling data processing[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2012,47(1):32-36.
[16] 王冲,张庆红,蔡志东,等.基于零井源距VSP资料的井地联合溶洞定位方法研究及应用[J].地球物理学进展,2017,32(6):2663-2669.WANG Chong,ZHANG Qinghong,CAI Zhidong,et al.Carbonate cave location method and application effect by the combination of Z-VSP and surface seismic[J].Progress in Geophysics,2017,32(6):2663-2669.
[17] 孙甲庆,胡书华,王小卫,等.面向随钻约束处理的地震资料准备与质量监控[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(3):618-627.SUN Jiaqing,HU Shuhua,WANG Xiaowei,et al.Data preparation and quality control for constraint seismic processing while drilling[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2017,52(3):618-627.
[18] 张军华,李军,吴成,等.溶洞型储层地震采集参数与成像关系研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2015,50(4):573-579.ZHANG Junhua,LI Jun,WU Cheng,et al.The relationship between seismic acquisition parameters and data imaging in areas with cavern reservoirs[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2015,50(4):573-579.
[19] 胡中平,李宗杰,赵群.碳酸盐岩溶洞发育区高精度地震勘探效果[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(1):83-87.HU Zhongping,LI Zongjie,ZHAO Qun.High-precision seismic exploration in carbonate karst cave developed area[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2008,43(1):83-87.
[20] 李明杰,胡少华,王庆果,等.塔中地区走滑断裂体系的发现及其地质意义[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(1):116-121.LI Mingjie,HU Shaohua,WANG Qingguo,et al.Discovery of strike-slip fault system in Tazhong area and geologic meaning[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2006,41(1):116-121.
[21] 马灵伟,杨勤勇,顾汉明,等.基于随机缝洞介质理论模拟塔中北坡储层的地震响应[J].石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(6):1119-1127.MA Lingwei,YANG Qinyong,GU Hanming,et al.Simulation of reservoir seismic response in the northern slope of the middle Tarim Basin with random fracture-cavern media model[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2016,51(6):1119-1127.
[22] 凌东明,张建伟,曾祥州,等.GeoEast解释系统在塔里木盆地碳酸盐岩研究中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2014,49(增刊1):173-178.LING Dongming,ZHANG Jianwei,ZENG Xiangzhou,et al.Carbonate rock study in Tarim Basin with GeoEast interpretation sub-system[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2014,49(S1):173-178.
[23] 孔雪,李振春,黄建平,等.基于平面波记录的绕射目标成像方法研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(4):674-682.KONG Xue,LI Zhenchun,HUANG Jianping,et al.Diffracting objective imaging based on plane wave record[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2012,47(4):674-682.
[24] 曹景记,唐晓明,苏远大,等.随钻偶极远探测声场的辐射特性[J].地球物理学报,2016,59(9):3503-3513.CAO Jingji,TANG Xiaoming,SU Yuanda,et al.Radiation characteristics of the single-well imaging field in while-drilling logging using an acoustic dipole source[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2016,59(9):3503-3513.
[2] 李凡异,魏建新,狄帮让,等.碳酸盐岩溶洞的“串珠”状地震反射特征形成机理研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(3):385-391.LI Fangyi,WEI Jianxin,DI Bangrang,et al.Analysis on seismic response of special cavernous structure of carbonate[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2012,47(3):385-391.
[3] 杨平,孙赞东,李海银,等.影响岩溶缝洞体地震反射特征的关键因素分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2015,50(3):523-529.YANG Ping,SUN Zandong,LI Haiyin,et al.Key influence factors of Karst fracture-cave bodies on reflection characteristics[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2015,50(3):523-529.
[4] 吕云远,陈茂山.利用多方位能量梯度差识别碳酸盐岩溶洞储层[J].石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(6):958-964.LYU Yunyuan and CHEN Maoshan.Carbonate cavern reservoir identification based on multi-azimuth energy gradient difference[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2012,47(6):958-964.
[5] 王立华,魏建新,狄帮让,等.溶洞物理模型地震响应及其属性分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(3):291-296.WANG Lihua,WEI Jianxin,DI Bangrang,et al.Seismic response of karst cave physical model and analysis of its attributes[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2008,43(3):291-296.
[6] 王彦峰,王乃建,高国成,等.缝洞型油气藏高精度三维地震采集技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(增刊1):1-5.WANG Yanfeng,WANG Naijian,GAO Guocheng,et al.3D seismic acquisition technique for fracture-vuggy reservoir[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2010,45(S1):1-5.
[7] 马丽娟,孔庆莹,刘坤岩,等.塔河油田奥陶系油藏弱振幅反射特征及形成机理[J].石油地球物理勘探,2014,49(2):338-343.MA Lijuan,KONG Qingying,LIU Kunyan,et al.Weak reflection characteristics and its formation mechanism of Ordovician reservoir in Tahe Oilfield[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2014,49(2):338-343.
[8] 孙东,潘建国,雍学善,等.碳酸盐岩储层垂向长串珠形成机制[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(增刊1):101-104.SUN Dong,PAN Jianguo,YONG Xueshan,et al.Formation mechanism of vertical “long string beads” in carbonate reservoir[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2010,45(S1):101-104.
[9] 李凡异,魏建新,狄帮让,等.碳酸盐岩孔洞储层地震物理模型研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(2):272-280.LI Fanyi,WEI Jianxin,DI Bangrang,et al.Seismic physical model of carbonate cavern reservoirs[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2016,51(2):272-280.
[10] 曲寿利,朱生旺,赵群,等.碳酸盐岩孔洞型储集体地震反射特征分析[J].地球物理学报,2012,55(6): 2053-2061.QU Shouli,ZHU Shengwang,ZHAO Qun,et al.Analysis of seismic reflection characters for carbonate Karst reservoir[J].Chinese Journal Of Geophysics,2012,55(6):2053-2061.
[11] 彭更新,但光箭,郑多明,等.塔里木盆地哈拉哈塘地区三维叠前时间偏移与储层定量雕刻[J].中国石油勘探,2011,16(增刊1):49-56,172.PENG Gengxin,DAN Guangjian,ZHENG Duoming,et al.3D prestack depth migration and quantitative characterization of carbonate reservoirs in Halahatang Area.Tarim Basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2011,16(S1):49-56,172.
[12] Shi H X,Peng G X,Zheng D M,et al.Integration of surface and well information to drilling success for onshore carbonate caves[C].Abstracts of 76th EAGE Conference & Exhibition,2014.
[13] 史鸿祥,李辉,郑多明,等.基于随钻地震测井的地震导向钻井技术——以塔里木油田哈拉哈塘区块缝洞型储集体为例[J].石油勘探与开发,2016,43(4):662-668.SHI Hongxiang,LI Hui,ZHENG Duoming,et al.Seismic guided drilling technique based on seismic while drilling (SWD):A case study of fracture-cave reservoirs of Halahatang block,Tarim Oilfield,NW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2016,43(4):662-668.
[14] 苟量,杨举勇,罗斌,等.随钻VSP技术研究及初步应用效果[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(2):183-189.GOU Liang,YANG Juyong,LUO Bin,et al.Studying SWD VSP technique and results of its preliminary ap-plication[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2005,40(2):183-189.
[15] 黄伟传,葛洪魁,吴何珍,等.地震干涉处理方法在随钻地震资料处理中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(1):32-36.HUANG Weichuan,GE Hongkui,WU Hezhen,et al.Seismic interferometriy in seismic whiling drilling data processing[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2012,47(1):32-36.
[16] 王冲,张庆红,蔡志东,等.基于零井源距VSP资料的井地联合溶洞定位方法研究及应用[J].地球物理学进展,2017,32(6):2663-2669.WANG Chong,ZHANG Qinghong,CAI Zhidong,et al.Carbonate cave location method and application effect by the combination of Z-VSP and surface seismic[J].Progress in Geophysics,2017,32(6):2663-2669.
[17] 孙甲庆,胡书华,王小卫,等.面向随钻约束处理的地震资料准备与质量监控[J].石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(3):618-627.SUN Jiaqing,HU Shuhua,WANG Xiaowei,et al.Data preparation and quality control for constraint seismic processing while drilling[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2017,52(3):618-627.
[18] 张军华,李军,吴成,等.溶洞型储层地震采集参数与成像关系研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2015,50(4):573-579.ZHANG Junhua,LI Jun,WU Cheng,et al.The relationship between seismic acquisition parameters and data imaging in areas with cavern reservoirs[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2015,50(4):573-579.
[19] 胡中平,李宗杰,赵群.碳酸盐岩溶洞发育区高精度地震勘探效果[J].石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(1):83-87.HU Zhongping,LI Zongjie,ZHAO Qun.High-precision seismic exploration in carbonate karst cave developed area[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2008,43(1):83-87.
[20] 李明杰,胡少华,王庆果,等.塔中地区走滑断裂体系的发现及其地质意义[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(1):116-121.LI Mingjie,HU Shaohua,WANG Qingguo,et al.Discovery of strike-slip fault system in Tazhong area and geologic meaning[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2006,41(1):116-121.
[21] 马灵伟,杨勤勇,顾汉明,等.基于随机缝洞介质理论模拟塔中北坡储层的地震响应[J].石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(6):1119-1127.MA Lingwei,YANG Qinyong,GU Hanming,et al.Simulation of reservoir seismic response in the northern slope of the middle Tarim Basin with random fracture-cavern media model[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2016,51(6):1119-1127.
[22] 凌东明,张建伟,曾祥州,等.GeoEast解释系统在塔里木盆地碳酸盐岩研究中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2014,49(增刊1):173-178.LING Dongming,ZHANG Jianwei,ZENG Xiangzhou,et al.Carbonate rock study in Tarim Basin with GeoEast interpretation sub-system[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2014,49(S1):173-178.
[23] 孔雪,李振春,黄建平,等.基于平面波记录的绕射目标成像方法研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2012,47(4):674-682.KONG Xue,LI Zhenchun,HUANG Jianping,et al.Diffracting objective imaging based on plane wave record[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2012,47(4):674-682.
[24] 曹景记,唐晓明,苏远大,等.随钻偶极远探测声场的辐射特性[J].地球物理学报,2016,59(9):3503-3513.CAO Jingji,TANG Xiaoming,SU Yuanda,et al.Radiation characteristics of the single-well imaging field in while-drilling logging using an acoustic dipole source[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2016,59(9):3503-3513.