亚洲小车蝗对内蒙古典型草原3种禾本科植物取食特性研究
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摘要
通过了解亚洲小车蝗Oedaleus asiaticus的取食特性,为有害生物的防治和草原生态环境的保护提供理论依据。在分析亚洲小车蝗发生与羊草Leymus chinensis、克氏针茅Stipa krylovii及糙隐子草Cleistogenes squarrosa等3种禾本科植物特征参数关系的基础上,通过罩笼试验调查了罩笼内亚洲小车蝗3～5龄蝗蝻的存活率,比较了亚洲小车蝗的取食数量、取食高度及取食率等特性。结果表明,克氏针茅和糙隐子草生态优势度与亚洲小车蝗发生数量显著正相关,亚洲小车蝗喜食克氏针茅和糙隐子草(0.25≤RFN<0.5),少食羊草(0.025≤RFN<0.25)。4龄和5龄蝗蝻对克氏针茅和糙隐子草取食量显著大于羊草。亚洲小车蝗取食高度位于植物中下部(9～10 cm),与3种植被高度无关;取食后上部掉落造成损失,特别是对克氏针茅的为害更大;亚洲小车蝗取食克氏针茅和糙隐子草时的存活率显著高于取食羊草时的存活率。结论:以克氏针茅和糙隐子草为优势植物的典型草原更适合亚洲小车蝗的发生与为害,应加强该类草原亚洲小车蝗的监测预警和防控。
This study aims to understand the feeding characteristics of Oedaleus asiaticus so as to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and control of pests and the protection of grassland ecological environment. Based on surveying the relationship between characteristic parameters of three Poaceae plants, Leymus chinensis, Stipa krylovii,Cleistogenes squarrosa and O.asiaticus occurrence, survival rates of O.asiaticus were investigated Feeding features, including feeding amount, height and frequency(RFN) of O.asiaticus were compared through artificial feeding trials. The ecological dominances in S.krylovii and C.squarrosa were significantly correlated with the number of O.asiaticu. O.asiaticus preferred to feed on S.krylovii and C.squarrosa(0.25≤RFN<0.5), and fed seldom on L.chinensis(0.025≤RFN<0.25). Feeding amount of 4~(th) instar and 5~(th) instar nymphs on S.krylovii and C.squarrosa was significantly greater than that on L.chinensis. Foraging height of O.asiaticus was 9 cm-10 cm and did not correlate with corresponding plant height. The dropping upper portion of plants after feeding resulted in loss, especially for S.krylovii. Survival rate of O.asiaticus feeding on S.krylovii and C.squarrosa were significantly greater than that on L.chinensis. In conclusion, the typical steppe dominated by S.krylovii or C.squarrosa was more suitable for the outbreak of O.asiaticus,therefore, the monitoring and control for O.asiaticus should be strengthened in this grasslands type.
This study aims to understand the feeding characteristics of Oedaleus asiaticus so as to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and control of pests and the protection of grassland ecological environment. Based on surveying the relationship between characteristic parameters of three Poaceae plants, Leymus chinensis, Stipa krylovii,Cleistogenes squarrosa and O.asiaticus occurrence, survival rates of O.asiaticus were investigated Feeding features, including feeding amount, height and frequency(RFN) of O.asiaticus were compared through artificial feeding trials. The ecological dominances in S.krylovii and C.squarrosa were significantly correlated with the number of O.asiaticu. O.asiaticus preferred to feed on S.krylovii and C.squarrosa(0.25≤RFN<0.5), and fed seldom on L.chinensis(0.025≤RFN<0.25). Feeding amount of 4~(th) instar and 5~(th) instar nymphs on S.krylovii and C.squarrosa was significantly greater than that on L.chinensis. Foraging height of O.asiaticus was 9 cm-10 cm and did not correlate with corresponding plant height. The dropping upper portion of plants after feeding resulted in loss, especially for S.krylovii. Survival rate of O.asiaticus feeding on S.krylovii and C.squarrosa were significantly greater than that on L.chinensis. In conclusion, the typical steppe dominated by S.krylovii or C.squarrosa was more suitable for the outbreak of O.asiaticus,therefore, the monitoring and control for O.asiaticus should be strengthened in this grasslands type.
引文
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Ma QZ.Protect grassland ecology and build beautiful pastoral area [J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2014,23 (1):1-2.[马启智.保护草原生态、建设美丽牧区 [J].草业学报,2014,23 (1):1-2]
Qin JD,Guo F,Zheng ZY.Food specialization and food utilization of the Oriental Migratory locust and the influence of different food plants on its growth and fecundity [J].Acta Entomologia Sinica,1957,7 (2):143-166.[钦俊德,郭郛,郑竺英.东亚飞蝗的食性和食物利用以及不同食料植物对其生长和生殖的影响 [J].昆虫学报,1957,7 (2):143-166]
Rominger AJ,Miller TEX,Collins SL.Relative contributions of neutral and niche-based processes to the structure of a desert grassland grasshopper community [J].Oecologia,2009,161 (4):791-800.
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Sun T,Chen Q,Zhao YX,et al.Effects of invasive weeds on relative grasshopper abundance in alpine steppe in the Qilian mountains [J].Acta Pratacult Sinica,2013,22 (3):85-91.[孙涛,陈强,赵亚型,等.祁连山高山草地毒杂草侵入对蝗虫相对多度的影响 [J].草业学报,2013,22 (3):85-91]
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Wu HH,Xu YH,Cao GC,et al.Ecological effects of typical grassland types in Inner Mongolia on grasshopper community [J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2012,45 (20):4178-4186.[吴惠惠,徐云虎,曹广春,等.内蒙古典型草原草地类型对蝗虫群落优势种群的生态效应 [J].中国农业科学,2012,45 (20):4178-4186]
Xu K,Li GQ,Li SZ.A comparison study on diversity of plant community of different utilization during recovering of degenerative steppe in Yanchi county,Ningxia [J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,2007,16 (4):106-111.[徐坤,李国旗,李世忠.宁夏盐池县退化草地恢复过程中不同利用方式下植物群落多样性的对比研究 [J].西北农业学报,2007,16 (4):106-111]
Xue ZP,Zhang Q,Yasen SL,et al.Food selection of Calliptamus italicus and loss assessment for the grassland [J].Plant Protection,2010,36 (1):95-98 [薛智平,张泉,牙森沙力,等.意大利蝗取食特性及损失估计研究 [J].植物保护,2010,36 (1):95-98]
Yan ZC,Chen YL.Habitat selection in grassland in typical steppe:Relationship between habitat selection and horizontal structure [J].Wuyi Science Journal,1998,14:251-257.[颜忠诚,陈永林.草原蝗虫的栖境选择:栖境选择与水平结构的关系 [J].武夷科学,1998,14:251-257]
Yan ZC,Chen YL.Compositions of grasshopper species of different habitats in Xilin river district,Inner Mongolia [J].Acta Entomol Sinica,1997,40 (3):271-275.[颜忠诚,陈永林.内蒙古锡林河流域不同生境中蝗虫种类组成的分析 [J].昆虫学报,1997,40 (3):271-275]
Zhang Q,Wumaerbiek,Qiao Z,et al.The study on the loss of pasture and the evaluation of the control index [J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,2001,38 (6):328-331.[张泉,乌麻尔别克,乔璋,等.意大利蝗造成牧草损失研究及防治指标的评定 [J].新疆农业科学,2001,38 (6):328-331]
Zhao CZ,Zhou W,Wang KM,et al.Relationship between ecological distribution of grasshoppers and their habitats in the middle and upper reaches of Heihe River [J].Journal Of Lanzhou University (Natural Sciences),2009,45 (4):42-47.[赵成章,周伟,王科明,等.黑河中上游草原蝗虫生态分布与生境的关系 [J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2009,45 (4):42-47]
Asshoff R,Hattenschwiler S.Growth and reproduction of the alpine grasshopper Miramella alpina feeding on CO2-enriched dwarf shrubs at treeline [J].Oecologia,2005,142 (2):191-201.
Baamrane MAA,Shehzad W,Ouhammou A.Assessment of the food habits of the Moroccan dorcas gazelle in Ms' abih Talaa,west central Morocco,using the trnL approach [J].PLoS ONE,2012,7 (4):146-154.
Behmer ST,Joern A.Coexisting generalist herbivores occupy unique nutritional feeding niches [J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2008,105 (6):1977-1982.
Behmer ST.Insect herbivore nutrient regulation [J].Annual Review of Entomology,2009,54 (54):165-187.
Bernays EA,Gonzalez N,Angel J,et al.Food mixing by generalist grasshoppers:Plant secondary compounds structure the pattern of feeding [J].Journal of Insect Behavior,1994,8 (2):161-180.
Cease AJ,Elser JJ,Ford CF,et al.Heavy livestock grazing promotes locust outbreaks by lowering plant nitrogen content [J].Science,2012,335 (6067):467-469.
Chang T,Wang HQ,Yang CD,et al.Identification and evaluation of biological control potential of B-401 endophytic bacteria in grasses on alpine grasslands [J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2014,23 (3):282-289.[畅涛,王涵琦,杨成德,等.高寒草地禾草内生细菌B-401的鉴定及生物防治潜力评价 [J].草业学报,2014,23 (3):282-289]
Franzke A,Unsicker SB,Specht J,et al.Being a generalist herbivore in a diverse world:How do diets from different grasslands influence food plant selection and fitness of the grasshopper,Chorthippus parallelus [J].Ecological Entomology,2010,35 (2):126-138.
Guo ZW,Li HC,Gan YL.Grasshopper (Orthoptera:Acrididae) biodiversity and grassland ecosystems [J].Insect Science,2006,13 (3):221-227.
He DH,Zheng ZM,Liu YD.Grasshoppers in desert steppe time and spetial niche shifting of niche centre multi-statistical analysis [J].Journal of Ningxia Agricultural College,1997,18 (2):1-9.[贺达汉,郑哲民,刘颖东.荒漠草原蝗虫时空生态位的研究 [J].宁夏农学院学报,1997,18 (2):1-9]
Huang XB,Mcneill M R,Ma JC,et al.Biological and ecological evidences suggest Stipa krylovii (Pooideae),contributes to optimal growth performance and population distribution of the grasshopper Oedaleus asiaticus [J].Bulletin of Entomological Research,2017,107 (3):401-409.
Huang XB,Zhang Y,Cao GC,et al.Effect on growth and fecundity in Calliptamus italicus by Medicago sativa and Artemisia frigida Willd.Sp.Pl [J].Journal of Environmental Entomology,2013,35 (5):617-622.[黄训兵,张洋,曹广春,等.冷蒿和苜蓿对意大利蝗生长及生殖力的影响 [J].环境昆虫学报,2013,35 (5):617-622]
Kang L,Li HC,Chen YL.Studies on the relationships between distribution of orthopterans and vegetation types in the Xilin River Basin District,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region [J].Journal of Plant Ecology,1989,13 (4):341-349.[康乐,李鸿昌,陈永林.内蒙古锡林河流域直翅目昆虫生态分布规律与植被类型关系的研究 [J].植物生态学与地植物学学报,1989,13 (4):341-349]
Knop E,Schmid B,Herzog F.Impact of regional species pool on grasshopper restoration in Hay Meadows [J].Restoration Ecology,2008,16 (1):34-38.
Li HC,Xi RH,Chen YL.Studies on the feeding behaviour of acridoids in the typical steppe subzoneof the nei mongol autonomous region [J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,1983,3(3):214-227.[李鸿昌,席瑞华,陈永林.内蒙古典型草原蝗虫食性研究 [J].生态学报,1983,3 (3):214-227]
Liu GH,Wang GJ,Wang SP,et al.A study on the feeding and nutritive niche of the main herbivores in Inner Mongolia typical steppe—A case study of the herba community [J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2013,22 (1):103-109.[刘贵河,王国杰,汪诗平,等.内蒙古典型草原主要草食动物食性及其营养生态位研究—以羊草群落为例 [J].草业学报,2013,22 (1):103-109]
Ma QZ.Protect grassland ecology and build beautiful pastoral area [J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2014,23 (1):1-2.[马启智.保护草原生态、建设美丽牧区 [J].草业学报,2014,23 (1):1-2]
Qin JD,Guo F,Zheng ZY.Food specialization and food utilization of the Oriental Migratory locust and the influence of different food plants on its growth and fecundity [J].Acta Entomologia Sinica,1957,7 (2):143-166.[钦俊德,郭郛,郑竺英.东亚飞蝗的食性和食物利用以及不同食料植物对其生长和生殖的影响 [J].昆虫学报,1957,7 (2):143-166]
Rominger AJ,Miller TEX,Collins SL.Relative contributions of neutral and niche-based processes to the structure of a desert grassland grasshopper community [J].Oecologia,2009,161 (4):791-800.
Shang ZH,Yao AX,Guo XS.Evaluation and review on measurement methods of biodiversity at home and abroad [J].Journal of Ningxia Agricultural College,2002,23 (3):68-73.[尚占环,姚爱兴,郭旭生.国内外生物多样性测度方法的评价与综述 [J].宁夏农学院学报,2002,23 (3):68-73]
Sun T,Chen Q,Zhao YX,et al.Effects of invasive weeds on relative grasshopper abundance in alpine steppe in the Qilian mountains [J].Acta Pratacult Sinica,2013,22 (3):85-91.[孙涛,陈强,赵亚型,等.祁连山高山草地毒杂草侵入对蝗虫相对多度的影响 [J].草业学报,2013,22 (3):85-91]
Wang H,He XQ,Ji R.Selection mechanisms of Calliptamus italicus on four different host plants [J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2010,29 (12):2401-2407.[王晗,何雪清,季荣.意大利蝗对四种寄主植物的选择机制 [J].生态学杂志,2010,29 (12):2401-2407]
Wu HH,Xu YH,Cao GC,et al.Ecological effects of typical grassland types in Inner Mongolia on grasshopper community [J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2012,45 (20):4178-4186.[吴惠惠,徐云虎,曹广春,等.内蒙古典型草原草地类型对蝗虫群落优势种群的生态效应 [J].中国农业科学,2012,45 (20):4178-4186]
Xu K,Li GQ,Li SZ.A comparison study on diversity of plant community of different utilization during recovering of degenerative steppe in Yanchi county,Ningxia [J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,2007,16 (4):106-111.[徐坤,李国旗,李世忠.宁夏盐池县退化草地恢复过程中不同利用方式下植物群落多样性的对比研究 [J].西北农业学报,2007,16 (4):106-111]
Xue ZP,Zhang Q,Yasen SL,et al.Food selection of Calliptamus italicus and loss assessment for the grassland [J].Plant Protection,2010,36 (1):95-98 [薛智平,张泉,牙森沙力,等.意大利蝗取食特性及损失估计研究 [J].植物保护,2010,36 (1):95-98]
Yan ZC,Chen YL.Habitat selection in grassland in typical steppe:Relationship between habitat selection and horizontal structure [J].Wuyi Science Journal,1998,14:251-257.[颜忠诚,陈永林.草原蝗虫的栖境选择:栖境选择与水平结构的关系 [J].武夷科学,1998,14:251-257]
Yan ZC,Chen YL.Compositions of grasshopper species of different habitats in Xilin river district,Inner Mongolia [J].Acta Entomol Sinica,1997,40 (3):271-275.[颜忠诚,陈永林.内蒙古锡林河流域不同生境中蝗虫种类组成的分析 [J].昆虫学报,1997,40 (3):271-275]
Zhang Q,Wumaerbiek,Qiao Z,et al.The study on the loss of pasture and the evaluation of the control index [J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,2001,38 (6):328-331.[张泉,乌麻尔别克,乔璋,等.意大利蝗造成牧草损失研究及防治指标的评定 [J].新疆农业科学,2001,38 (6):328-331]
Zhao CZ,Zhou W,Wang KM,et al.Relationship between ecological distribution of grasshoppers and their habitats in the middle and upper reaches of Heihe River [J].Journal Of Lanzhou University (Natural Sciences),2009,45 (4):42-47.[赵成章,周伟,王科明,等.黑河中上游草原蝗虫生态分布与生境的关系 [J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2009,45 (4):42-47]