跨临界CO_2空气源热泵系统性能研究
|
摘要
本文针对空气源跨临界CO_2热泵系统,采用效率分析法建立了压缩机的数学模型,采用结构分析法建立了膨胀阀的数学模型,采用分布参数法建立了气体冷却器、蒸发器和中间换热器的数学模型,并将其耦合为整个系统的数学模型,并通过实验验证了数学模型的计算结果。结果表明:机组输入功率的计算值与实测值的偏差小于4.4%;制热量的平均偏差为5.76%;最优排气压力的偏差小于0.1 MPa。综上所述,在确定的运行工况下,通过数学模拟计算某确定配置系统的性能参数是可行的。
Based on a theoretical analysis of an air-source transcritical CO_2 heat pump system,a mathematical model for the compressor was eveloped using an efficiency analysis in this study.In addition,a mathematical model for the expansion valve was built using a structural analysis; and mathematical models for the gas-cooler,evaporator,and regenerator were developed using the distributed parameter method.Moreover,a mathematical model for the entire system was built by combining these models.The accuracy of the system model was verified by an experimental test,which showed that the deviation in the unit's input power between the calculated value and measured value was less than 4.4%,the mean deviation in the heating capacity was 5.76%,and the deviation in the optimal discharge pressure was less than 0.1 MPa.Thus,it was possible to calculate the system performance by employing the mathematical simulation method.
Based on a theoretical analysis of an air-source transcritical CO_2 heat pump system,a mathematical model for the compressor was eveloped using an efficiency analysis in this study.In addition,a mathematical model for the expansion valve was built using a structural analysis; and mathematical models for the gas-cooler,evaporator,and regenerator were developed using the distributed parameter method.Moreover,a mathematical model for the entire system was built by combining these models.The accuracy of the system model was verified by an experimental test,which showed that the deviation in the unit's input power between the calculated value and measured value was less than 4.4%,the mean deviation in the heating capacity was 5.76%,and the deviation in the optimal discharge pressure was less than 0.1 MPa.Thus,it was possible to calculate the system performance by employing the mathematical simulation method.
引文
[1]LORENTZEN G.Trans-critical vapour compression cycle device:WO 90/07683[P].1990-07-12.
[2]马一太,杨昭,吕灿仁.CO2跨临界(逆)循环的热力学分析[J].工程热物理学报,1998,19(6):665-668.(MA Yitai,YANG Zhao,LYU Canren.Thermodynamic analysis of CO2transcritical cycle[J].Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,1998,19(6):665-668.)
[3]王洪利,马一太,姜云涛.CO2跨临界单级压缩带回热器与不带回热器循环理论分析与实验研究[J].天津大学学报,2009,49(2):137-143.(WANG Hongli,MA Yitai,JIANG Yuntao.Theoretical analysis and experimental research on transcritical CO2single compression cycle with and without internal heat exchanger[J].Journal of Tianjin University,2009,49(2):137-143.)
[4]马一太,袁秋霞,李敏霞,等.跨临界CO2带膨胀机和带喷射器逆循环的性能比较[J].低温与超导,2011,39(5):36-41.(MA Yitai,YUAN Qiuxia,LI Minxia,et al.A performance comparison of the transcritical CO2refrigeration cycle with expander and ejector[J].Cryogenics and Superconductivity,2011,39(5):36-41.)
[5]SARKAR J,BHATTACHARYYA S,GOPAL M R.Simulation of transcritical CO2heat pump cycle for simultaneous cooling and heating applications[J].International Journal of Refrigeration,2006,29(5):735-743.
[6]SARKAR J,BHATTACHARYYA S,GOPAL M R.Transcritical CO2heat pump systems:exergy analysis including heat transfer and fluid flow effects[J].Energy Conversion and Management,2005,46(13/14):2053-2067.
[7]AGRAWAL N,BHATTACHARYYA S.Optimized of a transcritical CO2heat pumps:performance comparison of capillary tubes against expansion valves[J].International Journal of Refrigeration,2008,31(3):388-395.
[8]CHENG Lixin,RIBATSKI G,THOME J R.New prediction methods for CO2evaporation inside tubes:Part II—An updated general flow boiling heat transfer model based on flow patterns[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2008,51(1/2):125-135.
[9]蔡旺.CO2热泵系统的蒸发器性能仿真研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2010.(CAI Wang.Numerical simulation for performance of evaporator of CO2heat pump[D].Guangzhou:South China University of Technology,2010.)
[10]马瑞芳,李雯,李世平,等.CO2热泵双级冷却套管式气体冷却器性能数值模拟[J].制冷与空调(四川),2016,30(5):520-524.(MA Ruifang,LI Wen,LI Shiping,et al.Numerical simulation of two-stage tube-in-tube gas cooler in CO2heat pump[J].Refrigeration and Air Conditioning,2016,30(5):520-524.)
[11]饶政华,廖胜明.二氧化碳微通管道气体冷却器的数值仿真与性能优化[J].化工学报,2005,56(9):1771-1726.(RAO Zhenghua,LIAO Shengming.Numerical simulation and performance optimization of carbon dioxide microchannel gas cooler[J].CIESC Journal,2005,56(9):1771-1726.)
[12]BOUZIANE A,BENSAFI A,HABERSCHILL P.Modeling and experimental study of an ejector for a transcritical CO2refrigeration system[C]//Proceedings of the Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants.Cethil-Centre de Thermique de Lyon,2012.
[13]ELBEL S.Historical and present developments of ejector refrigeration systems with emphasis on transcritical carbon dioxide air-conditioning applications[J].International Journal of Refrigeration,2011,34(7):1545-1561.
[14]YARI M.Performance analysis and optimization of a new two-stage ejector-expansion transcritical CO2refrigeration cycle[J].International Journal of Thermal Sciences,2009,48(10):1997-2005.
[15]吕宇捷.跨临界CO2喷射器的设计及性能研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2013.(LYU Yujie.Design and performance study on ejector used in trans-critical CO2system[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2013.)
[16]亓海明.带喷射器的跨临界CO2热泵热水系统的性能研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2015.(QI Haiming.Study on the performance of transcritical CO2heat pump water heater system with ejector[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2015.)
[17]魏晋.带喷射器的跨临界CO2热泵系统的变工况研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2016.(WEI Jin.Study on transcritical CO2heat pump system with ejector in off-design conditions[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2016.)
[18]CHO H,RYU C,KIM Y,et al.Effects of refrigerant charge amount on the performance of a transcritical CO2heat pump[J].International Journal of Refrigeration,2005,28(8):1266-1273.
[19]张韬.低温水源参数对CO2热泵系统性能影响的理论和实验研究[D].天津:天津商业大学,2016.(ZHANG Tao.Theoretical and experimental study on CO2heat pump system performance influenced by low temperature water source parameters[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University of Commerce,2016.)
[20]CHUA K J,CHOU S K,YANG W M.Advances in heat pump systems:a review[J].Applied Energy,2010,87(12):3611-3624.
[21]马元.跨临界CO2制冷循环活塞压缩机热力过程与性能研究[D].西安:西安交通大学,2011.(MA Yuan.Research on thermal process and performance of transcritical CO2refrigeration cycle piston compressor[D].Xi'an:Xi'an Jiaotong University,2011.)
[22]刘永,钟瑜,贾磊,等.多功能空气源热泵机组基本原理与应用[J].流体机械,2010,38(12):77-80.(LIU Yong,ZHONG Yu,JIA Lei,et al.Principle and application research of multi-function air-source heat pump water heater[J].Fluid Machinery,2010,38(12):77-80.)
[23]DANG Chaobin,HIHARA E.In-tube cooling heat transfer of supercritical carbon dioxide.Part 1.experimental measurement[J].International Journal of Refrigeration,2004,27(7):736-747.
[24]DANG Chaobin,HIHARA E.In-tube cooling heat transfer of supercritical carbon dioxide.Part 2.Comparison of numerical calculation with different turbulence models[J].International Journal of Refrigeration,2004,27:748-760.
[25]ITO H.Friction factor for turbulent flow in curved pipes[J].Journal of Basic Engineering,1959,81:123-134.
[26]CHENG Lixin,RIBATSKI G,WOJTAN L,et al.New flow boiling heat transfer model and flow pattern map for carbon dioxide evaporating inside tubes[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2006,49(21/22):4082-4094.
[27]蒸气压缩循环冷水(热泵)机组性能实验方法:GB/T10870—2014[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2014.(The methods of performance test for water chilling(heat pump)packages using the vaper compression cycle:GB/T10870—2014[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2014.)
[28]单元式空气调节机:GB/T 17758—2010[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2010.(Unitary air conditioners:GB/T17758—2010[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2010.)
[29]陈文俊,闫志恒,卢志敏.空气源热泵系统低温制热量改善途径实验分析[J].制冷学报,2009,30(2):49-54.(CHEN Wenjun,YAN Zhiheng,LU Zhimin.Experimental study on improving capacity of air-source heat pump at low outdoor temperature[J].Journal of Refrigeration,2009,30(2):49-54.)
[30]宋昱龙,唐学平,王守国,等.跨临界CO2热泵气体冷却器对系统性能及最优排气压力的影响[J].制冷学报,2015,36(4):7-15.(SONG Yulong,TANG Xueping,WANG Shouguo,et al.The effects of the gas cooler on both the system performance and the optimal discharge pressure at a transcritical CO2heat pump[J].Journal of Refrigeration,2015,36(4):7-15.)
[31]胡斌,李耀宇,曹峰,等.跨临界CO2热泵系统最优排气压力的极值搜索控制[J].制冷学报,2016,37(3):81-87.(HU Bin,LI Yaoyu,CAO Feng,et al.Extremum seeking control of discharge pressure optimization for trans-critical CO2heat pump systems[J].Journal of Refrigeration,2016,37(3):81-87.)
[2]马一太,杨昭,吕灿仁.CO2跨临界(逆)循环的热力学分析[J].工程热物理学报,1998,19(6):665-668.(MA Yitai,YANG Zhao,LYU Canren.Thermodynamic analysis of CO2transcritical cycle[J].Journal of Engineering Thermophysics,1998,19(6):665-668.)
[3]王洪利,马一太,姜云涛.CO2跨临界单级压缩带回热器与不带回热器循环理论分析与实验研究[J].天津大学学报,2009,49(2):137-143.(WANG Hongli,MA Yitai,JIANG Yuntao.Theoretical analysis and experimental research on transcritical CO2single compression cycle with and without internal heat exchanger[J].Journal of Tianjin University,2009,49(2):137-143.)
[4]马一太,袁秋霞,李敏霞,等.跨临界CO2带膨胀机和带喷射器逆循环的性能比较[J].低温与超导,2011,39(5):36-41.(MA Yitai,YUAN Qiuxia,LI Minxia,et al.A performance comparison of the transcritical CO2refrigeration cycle with expander and ejector[J].Cryogenics and Superconductivity,2011,39(5):36-41.)
[5]SARKAR J,BHATTACHARYYA S,GOPAL M R.Simulation of transcritical CO2heat pump cycle for simultaneous cooling and heating applications[J].International Journal of Refrigeration,2006,29(5):735-743.
[6]SARKAR J,BHATTACHARYYA S,GOPAL M R.Transcritical CO2heat pump systems:exergy analysis including heat transfer and fluid flow effects[J].Energy Conversion and Management,2005,46(13/14):2053-2067.
[7]AGRAWAL N,BHATTACHARYYA S.Optimized of a transcritical CO2heat pumps:performance comparison of capillary tubes against expansion valves[J].International Journal of Refrigeration,2008,31(3):388-395.
[8]CHENG Lixin,RIBATSKI G,THOME J R.New prediction methods for CO2evaporation inside tubes:Part II—An updated general flow boiling heat transfer model based on flow patterns[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2008,51(1/2):125-135.
[9]蔡旺.CO2热泵系统的蒸发器性能仿真研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2010.(CAI Wang.Numerical simulation for performance of evaporator of CO2heat pump[D].Guangzhou:South China University of Technology,2010.)
[10]马瑞芳,李雯,李世平,等.CO2热泵双级冷却套管式气体冷却器性能数值模拟[J].制冷与空调(四川),2016,30(5):520-524.(MA Ruifang,LI Wen,LI Shiping,et al.Numerical simulation of two-stage tube-in-tube gas cooler in CO2heat pump[J].Refrigeration and Air Conditioning,2016,30(5):520-524.)
[11]饶政华,廖胜明.二氧化碳微通管道气体冷却器的数值仿真与性能优化[J].化工学报,2005,56(9):1771-1726.(RAO Zhenghua,LIAO Shengming.Numerical simulation and performance optimization of carbon dioxide microchannel gas cooler[J].CIESC Journal,2005,56(9):1771-1726.)
[12]BOUZIANE A,BENSAFI A,HABERSCHILL P.Modeling and experimental study of an ejector for a transcritical CO2refrigeration system[C]//Proceedings of the Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants.Cethil-Centre de Thermique de Lyon,2012.
[13]ELBEL S.Historical and present developments of ejector refrigeration systems with emphasis on transcritical carbon dioxide air-conditioning applications[J].International Journal of Refrigeration,2011,34(7):1545-1561.
[14]YARI M.Performance analysis and optimization of a new two-stage ejector-expansion transcritical CO2refrigeration cycle[J].International Journal of Thermal Sciences,2009,48(10):1997-2005.
[15]吕宇捷.跨临界CO2喷射器的设计及性能研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2013.(LYU Yujie.Design and performance study on ejector used in trans-critical CO2system[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2013.)
[16]亓海明.带喷射器的跨临界CO2热泵热水系统的性能研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2015.(QI Haiming.Study on the performance of transcritical CO2heat pump water heater system with ejector[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2015.)
[17]魏晋.带喷射器的跨临界CO2热泵系统的变工况研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2016.(WEI Jin.Study on transcritical CO2heat pump system with ejector in off-design conditions[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2016.)
[18]CHO H,RYU C,KIM Y,et al.Effects of refrigerant charge amount on the performance of a transcritical CO2heat pump[J].International Journal of Refrigeration,2005,28(8):1266-1273.
[19]张韬.低温水源参数对CO2热泵系统性能影响的理论和实验研究[D].天津:天津商业大学,2016.(ZHANG Tao.Theoretical and experimental study on CO2heat pump system performance influenced by low temperature water source parameters[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University of Commerce,2016.)
[20]CHUA K J,CHOU S K,YANG W M.Advances in heat pump systems:a review[J].Applied Energy,2010,87(12):3611-3624.
[21]马元.跨临界CO2制冷循环活塞压缩机热力过程与性能研究[D].西安:西安交通大学,2011.(MA Yuan.Research on thermal process and performance of transcritical CO2refrigeration cycle piston compressor[D].Xi'an:Xi'an Jiaotong University,2011.)
[22]刘永,钟瑜,贾磊,等.多功能空气源热泵机组基本原理与应用[J].流体机械,2010,38(12):77-80.(LIU Yong,ZHONG Yu,JIA Lei,et al.Principle and application research of multi-function air-source heat pump water heater[J].Fluid Machinery,2010,38(12):77-80.)
[23]DANG Chaobin,HIHARA E.In-tube cooling heat transfer of supercritical carbon dioxide.Part 1.experimental measurement[J].International Journal of Refrigeration,2004,27(7):736-747.
[24]DANG Chaobin,HIHARA E.In-tube cooling heat transfer of supercritical carbon dioxide.Part 2.Comparison of numerical calculation with different turbulence models[J].International Journal of Refrigeration,2004,27:748-760.
[25]ITO H.Friction factor for turbulent flow in curved pipes[J].Journal of Basic Engineering,1959,81:123-134.
[26]CHENG Lixin,RIBATSKI G,WOJTAN L,et al.New flow boiling heat transfer model and flow pattern map for carbon dioxide evaporating inside tubes[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2006,49(21/22):4082-4094.
[27]蒸气压缩循环冷水(热泵)机组性能实验方法:GB/T10870—2014[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2014.(The methods of performance test for water chilling(heat pump)packages using the vaper compression cycle:GB/T10870—2014[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2014.)
[28]单元式空气调节机:GB/T 17758—2010[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2010.(Unitary air conditioners:GB/T17758—2010[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2010.)
[29]陈文俊,闫志恒,卢志敏.空气源热泵系统低温制热量改善途径实验分析[J].制冷学报,2009,30(2):49-54.(CHEN Wenjun,YAN Zhiheng,LU Zhimin.Experimental study on improving capacity of air-source heat pump at low outdoor temperature[J].Journal of Refrigeration,2009,30(2):49-54.)
[30]宋昱龙,唐学平,王守国,等.跨临界CO2热泵气体冷却器对系统性能及最优排气压力的影响[J].制冷学报,2015,36(4):7-15.(SONG Yulong,TANG Xueping,WANG Shouguo,et al.The effects of the gas cooler on both the system performance and the optimal discharge pressure at a transcritical CO2heat pump[J].Journal of Refrigeration,2015,36(4):7-15.)
[31]胡斌,李耀宇,曹峰,等.跨临界CO2热泵系统最优排气压力的极值搜索控制[J].制冷学报,2016,37(3):81-87.(HU Bin,LI Yaoyu,CAO Feng,et al.Extremum seeking control of discharge pressure optimization for trans-critical CO2heat pump systems[J].Journal of Refrigeration,2016,37(3):81-87.)