回风口位置对文物保存环境置换通风调控性能的影响
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摘要
针对遗址文物局部保存环境置换通风调控存在空调负荷高、空间温度梯度大等问题,提出将回风口朝下布置在文物区内以减少对非空调区空气卷吸的改进方法,降低了空调负荷,提高了文物区环境的均匀性。基于现有遗址博物馆实验展厅,进一步搭建了文物区局部置换通风调控系统,对比研究了自然通风工况和回风高度分别为0.4、0.9、1.6 m的3种置换通风工况下,文物区温湿度空间分布特征和空调负荷能耗。研究结果表明:置换通风调控系统有效地改善了文物区环境的稳定性,距坑底0.2 m的范围内温度和相对湿度的波动值较自然工况分别降低了50%和88%;文物区垂直方向上出现了0.2～0.7 m和1.5～1.7 m的两个热力分层,随着回风口高度的降低,置换通风系统对文物区环境参数的调控性能增强,热分层的高度和有效调控高度降低;回风口朝下设置与原方案相比,空调负荷平均降低了57.2%,并且当回风口的高度从1.6 m降低到0.4 m时,单位面积空调负荷进一步降低了22.7 W/m~2。研究结果可为文物区局部环境置换通风调控系统设计提供参考。
To solve the problems of high energy consumption and large temperature gradient in the local environment control of relics preservation in heritage museum with displacement ventilation(DV) system, an improved DV system, which can reduce the air entrainment from the unconditioned area by laying return-air inlet downwards at the preservation area, was developed. Based on current experimental museum exhibition hall, an experimental setup of the proposed DV system was built. Thus, experiments on natural ventilation system and three DV systems with the heights of return air of 0.4, 0.9 and 1.6 m were performed, and the distributions of temperature and humidity as well as the energy consumption of the system in all test cases were compared and analyzed. The experimental results showed that the DV system could effectively improve the stability of the preservation environment. The fluctuations in temperature and relative humidity were decreased by 50% and 88%, respectively, at a height of 0.2 m from the pit bottom, compared with that of natural ventilation system. Consequently, two thermal stratifications, i.e., 0.2-0.7 m and 1.5-1.7 m were formed in the vertical direction of the preservation area. With the lowering of the height of return air, the DV system enhanced the control over the environmental parameters in the preservation area, and the height of thermal stratification and effective control height were low. Since the downward layout of return-air inlet was set, the load of air-conditioning was decreased by 57.2% averagely compared with the original design. In addition, when the height of return-air inlet decreased from 1.6 m to 0.4 m, the load of air-conditioning per unit area was further decreased by 22.7 W/m~2. These results could be used as reference for the design of displacement ventilation control systems.
To solve the problems of high energy consumption and large temperature gradient in the local environment control of relics preservation in heritage museum with displacement ventilation(DV) system, an improved DV system, which can reduce the air entrainment from the unconditioned area by laying return-air inlet downwards at the preservation area, was developed. Based on current experimental museum exhibition hall, an experimental setup of the proposed DV system was built. Thus, experiments on natural ventilation system and three DV systems with the heights of return air of 0.4, 0.9 and 1.6 m were performed, and the distributions of temperature and humidity as well as the energy consumption of the system in all test cases were compared and analyzed. The experimental results showed that the DV system could effectively improve the stability of the preservation environment. The fluctuations in temperature and relative humidity were decreased by 50% and 88%, respectively, at a height of 0.2 m from the pit bottom, compared with that of natural ventilation system. Consequently, two thermal stratifications, i.e., 0.2-0.7 m and 1.5-1.7 m were formed in the vertical direction of the preservation area. With the lowering of the height of return air, the DV system enhanced the control over the environmental parameters in the preservation area, and the height of thermal stratification and effective control height were low. Since the downward layout of return-air inlet was set, the load of air-conditioning was decreased by 57.2% averagely compared with the original design. In addition, when the height of return-air inlet decreased from 1.6 m to 0.4 m, the load of air-conditioning per unit area was further decreased by 22.7 W/m~2. These results could be used as reference for the design of displacement ventilation control systems.
引文
[1] 马涛, 王展, 纪娟, 等. 南方典型遗址博物馆文物病害与环境的关联研究 [J]. 文博, 2015(4): 71-112. MA Tao, WANG Zhan, JI Juan, et al. Study on the relationship between cultural relics and environment in typical southern ruins museums [J]. Relics and Museology, 2015(4): 71-112.
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[9] LUO Xilian, GU Zhaolin, TIAN Wei, et al. Experimental study of a local ventilation strategy to protect semi-exposed relics in a site museum [J]. Energy and Buildings, 2018, 159: 558-571.
[10] WANG Yang, ZHAO Fuyun, KUCKEIKORN J, et al. Classroom energy efficiency and air environment with displacement natural ventilation in a passive public school building [J]. Energy and Buildings, 2014, 70: 258-270.
[11] GIL-LOPEZ T, GALVEA-HUERTA M, O’DONOHOE P, et al. Analysis of the influence of the return position in the vertical temperature gradient in displacement ventilation systems for large halls [J]. Energy and Buildings, 2017, 140: 371-379.
[12] MANINS P C. Turbulent buoyant convection from a source in a confined region [J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 1969, 37(4): 51-80.
[13] LINDEN P F, LANE-SERFF G F, SMEED D A. Emptying filling boxes: the fluid mechanics of natural ventilation [J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 1990, 212(2): 309-335.
[14] 张哲, 宋朋龙, 贺沅平, 等. 多介质耦合环境下的遗址文物原位保护 [J]. 西安交通大学学报, 2016, 50(11): 150-156. ZHANG Zhe, SONG Penglong, HE Ruanpin, et al. In-suit relics preservation under multi-media coupling environmental in archaeology museums [J]. Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 2016, 50(11): 150-156.
[15] 王宇昂, 路昭, 罗昔联, 等. 遗址博物馆特殊环境温度场调控系统的设计及优化 [J]. 西安交通大学学报, 2016, 50(7): 131-139. WANG Yuang, LU Zhao, LUO Xilian, et al. Design and optimization of temperature control system for special environment in site museum [J]. Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 2016, 50(7): 131-139.
[16] SEDLBAUER K. Prediction of mould fungus formation on the surface of and inside building components [J]. Dissertation Universitat Stuttgart, 2014, 75(2): 66-68.
[17] THOMSON G. The museum environment [M]. 2nd ed. London, UK: Butterworld-Heinemann, 1986: 139.
[2] HU Tafeng, LEE S C, CAO Junji, et al. Atmospheric deterioration of Qin brick in an environmental chamber at Emperor Qin’s Terracotta Museum, China [J]. Journal of Archaeological Science, 2009, 36(11): 2578-2583.
[3] LUO Xilian, GU Zhaolin, YU Chuck. Desiccation cracking of earthen sites in archaeology museum: a viewpoint of chemical potential difference of water content [J]. Indoor and Built Environment, 2015(2): 147-152.
[4] AGELAKOPOULOU T, METAXA E, CHS K, et al. Air pollution effect of SO2 and/or aliphatic hydrocarbons on marble statues in Archaeological Museums [J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2009, 169(1/2/3): 182-189.
[5] GENNUSA M L, RIZZO G, SCACCIANOCE G, et al. Control of indoor environments in heritage buildings: experimental measurements in an old Italian museum and proposal of a methodology [J]. Journal of Cultural Heritage, 2005, 6(2): 147-155.
[6] LUO Xilian GU Zhaolin, WANG Zanshe, et al. An independent and simultaneous operational mode of air conditioning systems for visitors and relics in archaeology museum [J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2016, 100: 911924.
[7] LUO Xilian, GU Zhaolin, YU Chuck, et al. Efficacy of an air curtain system for local pit environmental control for relic preservation in Archaeology Museums [J]. Indoor and Built Environment, 2016, 25(1): 29-40.
[8] 国际古迹遗址理事会中国国家委员会. 中国文物古迹保护准则 [M]. 北京: 文物出版社, 2015: 2-3.
[9] LUO Xilian, GU Zhaolin, TIAN Wei, et al. Experimental study of a local ventilation strategy to protect semi-exposed relics in a site museum [J]. Energy and Buildings, 2018, 159: 558-571.
[10] WANG Yang, ZHAO Fuyun, KUCKEIKORN J, et al. Classroom energy efficiency and air environment with displacement natural ventilation in a passive public school building [J]. Energy and Buildings, 2014, 70: 258-270.
[11] GIL-LOPEZ T, GALVEA-HUERTA M, O’DONOHOE P, et al. Analysis of the influence of the return position in the vertical temperature gradient in displacement ventilation systems for large halls [J]. Energy and Buildings, 2017, 140: 371-379.
[12] MANINS P C. Turbulent buoyant convection from a source in a confined region [J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 1969, 37(4): 51-80.
[13] LINDEN P F, LANE-SERFF G F, SMEED D A. Emptying filling boxes: the fluid mechanics of natural ventilation [J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 1990, 212(2): 309-335.
[14] 张哲, 宋朋龙, 贺沅平, 等. 多介质耦合环境下的遗址文物原位保护 [J]. 西安交通大学学报, 2016, 50(11): 150-156. ZHANG Zhe, SONG Penglong, HE Ruanpin, et al. In-suit relics preservation under multi-media coupling environmental in archaeology museums [J]. Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 2016, 50(11): 150-156.
[15] 王宇昂, 路昭, 罗昔联, 等. 遗址博物馆特殊环境温度场调控系统的设计及优化 [J]. 西安交通大学学报, 2016, 50(7): 131-139. WANG Yuang, LU Zhao, LUO Xilian, et al. Design and optimization of temperature control system for special environment in site museum [J]. Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University, 2016, 50(7): 131-139.
[16] SEDLBAUER K. Prediction of mould fungus formation on the surface of and inside building components [J]. Dissertation Universitat Stuttgart, 2014, 75(2): 66-68.
[17] THOMSON G. The museum environment [M]. 2nd ed. London, UK: Butterworld-Heinemann, 1986: 139.