跳远与跳远专项跳跃练习起跳腿表面肌电特征比较
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摘要
运用表面肌电技术对跳远和3种专项跳跃练习起跳动作进行测试,以揭示二级跳远运动员跳远专项跳跃练习与跳远起跳动作表面肌电活动特征。结果显示:跳远起跳动作主要是由小腿前、后肌群、股直肌和半腱肌完成退让性支撑,由股二头肌、股内、外侧肌、臀大肌和半腱肌完成大、小腿的快速蹬伸动作和维持躯干直立姿势。五步助跑五级单足跳起跳动作主要是股直肌和股内侧肌完成退让性支撑,由髋部和大腿后肌群、小腿前后肌群完成伸踝和大腿后伸动作。五步助跑五级跨步跳起跳腿主要由大、小腿后肌群完成退让性支撑,由臀大肌和大、小腿前肌群完成起跳腿髋、膝、踝的蹬伸起跳动作。起跳腿跳深跳远(台高60cm)练习主要由股直肌完成退让性支撑,由臀大肌、大腿前后肌群和小腿前后肌群完成大、小腿及踝关节的蹬伸动作。上述特征提示:五步助跑五级单足跳和起跳腿跳深跳远练习(台高60cm)对跳远起跳向心收缩的影响大于离心收缩;五步助跑五级跨步跳练习对跳远起跳离心收缩的影响大于向心收缩。
The present thesis sets to test the three jumping actions of the special jump exercises with surface electromyogram technology,so as to reveal the surface electromyogram characteristics of 2nd level long jump athletes during special jumping exercises and the jumping actions of long jump.The results indicate that the recessive supporting during jumping is completed by the front and rear muscle groups in calf,rectus femoris and semitendinosus.The rapid stretching of thigh and calf and maintaining the upright position of the torso is completed by biceps flexor cruris,musculus vastus lateralis,medial vastus muscle,gluteus maximus and semitendinosus.Recessive support in five-step-assist-running-five-level-single-footjump is primarily completed by rectus femoris and musculus vastus lateralis.Ankle stretching and thigh back-reaching is completed by hip,thigh Skeletal muscle,and calf Skeletal muscle.Recessive support of the jumping leg in five-step-assist-running-five-level-striding-jump is accomplished by thigh and calf skeletal muscle.Gluteus maximus,thigh and calf anterior muscles completes the stretching of hip,knee and ankle.Recessive support for jumping practice for the jumping leg is primarily done by rectus femoris.Gluteus maximus,thigh Skeletal muscle and calf Skeletal muscle complete the stretching of thigh,calf and ankle joint.The above characteristics imply that the effects of centripetal contraction is greater than centrifugal contraction in five-step-assist-running-five-level-single-foot-jump and deep long jump.Five-step-assist-running-five-level-striding-jump has a greater impact on the centrifugal contraction than centripetal contraction.
The present thesis sets to test the three jumping actions of the special jump exercises with surface electromyogram technology,so as to reveal the surface electromyogram characteristics of 2nd level long jump athletes during special jumping exercises and the jumping actions of long jump.The results indicate that the recessive supporting during jumping is completed by the front and rear muscle groups in calf,rectus femoris and semitendinosus.The rapid stretching of thigh and calf and maintaining the upright position of the torso is completed by biceps flexor cruris,musculus vastus lateralis,medial vastus muscle,gluteus maximus and semitendinosus.Recessive support in five-step-assist-running-five-level-single-footjump is primarily completed by rectus femoris and musculus vastus lateralis.Ankle stretching and thigh back-reaching is completed by hip,thigh Skeletal muscle,and calf Skeletal muscle.Recessive support of the jumping leg in five-step-assist-running-five-level-striding-jump is accomplished by thigh and calf skeletal muscle.Gluteus maximus,thigh and calf anterior muscles completes the stretching of hip,knee and ankle.Recessive support for jumping practice for the jumping leg is primarily done by rectus femoris.Gluteus maximus,thigh Skeletal muscle and calf Skeletal muscle complete the stretching of thigh,calf and ankle joint.The above characteristics imply that the effects of centripetal contraction is greater than centrifugal contraction in five-step-assist-running-five-level-single-foot-jump and deep long jump.Five-step-assist-running-five-level-striding-jump has a greater impact on the centrifugal contraction than centripetal contraction.
引文
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[5]白怡春.关于伸膝及伸髋伸膝动作中股后肌群作用的肌电研究[C]//上海体育学院运动解剖学和运动生物力学论文专集,1982.
[6]刘述芝,吴瑛.优秀跳远运动员起跳环节支撑腿表面肌电活动特征研究[J].河北体育学院学报,2010,24(6):65-69.
[7]陈小平.力量训练的发展动向与趋势[J].体育科学,2004,24(9):36-40.
[8]Adams G,Hather B,Baldwin K.Skeletal muscle myosin heavy chain composition and resistance training[J].Journal of Applied Physiology,1993,74(2):911-915.
[9]Andersen J,Gruschy-Knudsen T,Sandri C,et al.Bed rest increases the amount of mismatched fibers in human skeletal muscle[J].Journal of Applied Physiology,1999,86(2):455-460.
[2]全国体育院校教材编写组.运动生物力学[M].北京:人民体育出版社,1990.
[3]罗炯,金季春.表面肌电的处理方法及在体育科研中的应用前景[J].山东体育学院学报,2005,21(2):56-59.
[4]文超.田径高级运动教程[M].北京:人民体育出版社,2003:493.
[5]白怡春.关于伸膝及伸髋伸膝动作中股后肌群作用的肌电研究[C]//上海体育学院运动解剖学和运动生物力学论文专集,1982.
[6]刘述芝,吴瑛.优秀跳远运动员起跳环节支撑腿表面肌电活动特征研究[J].河北体育学院学报,2010,24(6):65-69.
[7]陈小平.力量训练的发展动向与趋势[J].体育科学,2004,24(9):36-40.
[8]Adams G,Hather B,Baldwin K.Skeletal muscle myosin heavy chain composition and resistance training[J].Journal of Applied Physiology,1993,74(2):911-915.
[9]Andersen J,Gruschy-Knudsen T,Sandri C,et al.Bed rest increases the amount of mismatched fibers in human skeletal muscle[J].Journal of Applied Physiology,1999,86(2):455-460.