戈壁铁路沿线防风沙栅栏设计参数优化分析
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摘要
鉴于三维多孔防风沙栅栏建立解析求解模型相对困难,运用CFX多孔介质模型进行数值计算,研究重载铁路沿线高立式防风沙栅栏的优化设计。为同时保证有限体积法的守恒性和有限元法数值精度,对多孔介质模型边界及求解进行综合控制。在多种孔隙率高立式防风沙栅栏条件下,对其周围气流运动特征进行模拟分析;对其阻沙固沙的效果对比分析后,得到高立式防风沙栅栏的最优孔隙率;利用现场试验验证数值模拟结果。研究结果表明:高立式防风沙栅栏孔隙率对绕流流场分布影响显著,对积沙效果影响较大的流场区域有减速区、加速区、回流涡、科恩达区;在戈壁铁路沿线常遇风环境下高立式防风沙栅栏最优孔隙率约为30%;现场试验与数值模拟结果相一致。研究结果可以作为预防和控制戈壁重载铁路风沙灾害的参考。
In order to study the layout of the high vertical wind-sand fence along the heavy-duty railway, it is relatively difficult to establish an analytical solution model for the three-dimensional porous wind-sand fence. The CFX porous medium model was used for numerical calculation. In order to ensure the conservation of the finite volume method and the numerical precision of the finite element method at the same time, the boundary and solution of the porous medium model were comprehensively controlled. Under a variety of high porosity vertical wind-sand fence, the simulation of the surrounding airflow characteristics was carried out. After comparing and analyzing the effect of sand blocking and sand fixation, the optimal porosity of the high vertical wind-sand fence was obtained, and the numerical simulation results were verified by field experiments. The conclusions are as follows: The porosity of the high vertical wind-sand fence has a significant influence on the flow field distribution.The flow field with great influence on the sediment accumulation has a deceleration zone, an acceleration zone, a reflux vortex and Coanda zone. The optimal porosity of the high vertical wind-sand fence in the normal wind environment along the Gobi Railway is about 30%. The field test is consistent with the numerical simulation results. The conclusions of this study can be used as a reference for the prevention and control of heavy-duty railway sand disasters in the Gobi region.
In order to study the layout of the high vertical wind-sand fence along the heavy-duty railway, it is relatively difficult to establish an analytical solution model for the three-dimensional porous wind-sand fence. The CFX porous medium model was used for numerical calculation. In order to ensure the conservation of the finite volume method and the numerical precision of the finite element method at the same time, the boundary and solution of the porous medium model were comprehensively controlled. Under a variety of high porosity vertical wind-sand fence, the simulation of the surrounding airflow characteristics was carried out. After comparing and analyzing the effect of sand blocking and sand fixation, the optimal porosity of the high vertical wind-sand fence was obtained, and the numerical simulation results were verified by field experiments. The conclusions are as follows: The porosity of the high vertical wind-sand fence has a significant influence on the flow field distribution.The flow field with great influence on the sediment accumulation has a deceleration zone, an acceleration zone, a reflux vortex and Coanda zone. The optimal porosity of the high vertical wind-sand fence in the normal wind environment along the Gobi Railway is about 30%. The field test is consistent with the numerical simulation results. The conclusions of this study can be used as a reference for the prevention and control of heavy-duty railway sand disasters in the Gobi region.
引文
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[2]张克存,屈建军,姚正毅,等.青藏铁路格拉段风沙危害及其防治[J].干旱区地理(汉文版),2014,37(1):74-80.ZHANG Kecun,QU Jianjun,YAO Zhengyi,et al.Sand damage and its control along the Golha section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway[J].Arid Land Geography,2008,37(1):74-80.
[3]Mcclure S,Kim J J,Sang J L,et al.Shelter effects of porous multi-scale fractal fences[J].Journal of Wind Engineering&Industrial Aerodynamics,2017,163:6-14.
[4]李凯崇,石龙,孔令伟,等.兰新高铁沿线不同挡沙墙防护效果评价[J].铁道工程学报,2017,34(3):11-14.LI Kaichong,SHI Long,KONG Lingwei,et al.Protection effect of different kinds of sand-barriers along Lanzhou-Xinjiang high speed railway[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society,2017,34(3):11-14.
[5]景文宏,程建军,蒋富强.轨枕式挡墙挡风沙功效的数值模拟及试验研究[J].铁道科学与工程学报,2016,13(1):46-54.JING Wenhong,CHENG Jianjun,JIANG Fuqiang.Numerical simulation and experimental research on effect of sleeper typed retaining wall for wind and sand retaining[J].Journal of Railway Science and Engineering,2016,13(1):46-54.
[6]辛国伟,程建军,杨印海.铁路沿线挂板式沙障开孔特征与风沙流场的影响研究[J].铁道学报,2016,38(10):99-107.XIN Guowei,CHENG Jianjun,YANG Yinhai.Study on the characteristics of open-hole features of sand barriers along the railway and the influence of wind-blown flow field[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2016,38(10):99-107.
[7]王连,程建军,智凌岩,等.多孔介质方法对铁路沿线防风沙栅栏模拟的适用性分析[J].铁道标准设计,2016,60(11):18-22.WANG Lian,CHENG Jianjun,ZHI Lingyan,et al.Application analysis of porous media method to simulation of windbreak sand barriers along railway[J].Railway Standard Design,2016,60(11):18-22.
[8]Cornelis W M,Gabriels D.Optimal windbreak design for wind-erosion control.[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2005,61(2):315-332.
[9]白璐,申爱琴,韦振勋.公路防风结构物实测效果比较与优化设置模拟研究[J].公路交通科技,2016,33(2):39-45.BAI Lu,SHEN Aiqin,WEI Zhenxun.Simulation and comparison of the actual measurement effect of highway windproof structures[J].Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development,2016,33(2):39-45.
[10]张成玉,陈晓丽,许建林,等.桥梁挡风屏基本单元多孔介质模型数值建模[J].铁道科学与工程学报,2016,13(1):117-124.ZHANG Chengyu,CHEN Xiaoli,XU Jianlin,et al.Numerical modeling of porous media model of bridge windshield base unit[J].Journal of Railway Science and Engineering,2016,13(1):117-124.
[11]Versteeg H K,Malalasekera W.An introduction to computational fluid dynamics-the finite volume method[M].World Scientific,1995.
[12]谢龙汉,赵新宇.ANSYS CFX流体分析及仿真[M].2版.北京:电子工业出版社,2013.XIE Longhan,ZHAO Xinyu.ANSYS CFX fluid analysis and simulation[M].2nd ed.Beijing:Electronics Industry Press,2013.
[13]TAO W,QU Jianjun,LING Y,et al.Wind tunnel test on the effect of metal net fences on sand flux in a Gobi Desert,China[J].Journal of Arid Land,2017,9(6):888-899.
[14]CHENG J J,LEI J Q,LI S Y,et al.Disturbance of the inclined inserting-type sand fence to wind-sand flow fields and its sand control characteristics[J].Aeolian Research,2016,21:139-150.