基于相干分析的高铁简支箱梁结构噪声源识别方法研究
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摘要
列车荷载作用下桥梁结构振动产生的低频结构噪声会给轨道交通沿线环境带来噪声污染问题,该文给出了基于相干分析的桥梁结构噪声源识别方法。首先确定了频谱分析与相干分析相结合的噪声源识别方法,介绍了频谱分析法、常相干分析、偏相干分析的方法和流程,给出了偏相干分析中最优线性条件输入模型的迭代求解,编制了相应的Matlab程序;其次针对成灌铁路一座高架桥的振动与噪声综合试验的实测数据,结合频谱分析和常相干分析方法讨论了桥梁结构振动的噪声辐射机理,通过偏相干分析对桥梁结构噪声进行了噪声源分离与识别,由重相干函数的分析可以定性得到结构噪声的影响区域。综合分析表明,相干分析结合频谱分析的噪声源识别方法可以得到结构局部振动与所辐射的结构噪声之间的相互关系,能较好地分离识别存在相干关系的各结构噪声源的独立贡献和频谱特性,可以为桥梁结构的减振降噪措施提供理论指导。
Low-frequency structure-borne noise will be produced by structural vibration of bridge under train loads, which will cause noise pollution problems for residential environment. In this paper, a noise-identification method for bridge local vibration based on coherence analysis is proposed. Firstly, the noise-identification method combining spectral analysis and coherence analysis is determined. The basic theories of spectrum analysis, coherence analysis and partial coherence analysis are introduced, and an iteration solution method is used in optimal linear input model for partial coherence analysis, then the corresponding Matlab code is written. Secondly, with the measured data in the vibration & noise test for a viaduct in Cheng-Guan Railway, the mechanisms of noise radiation from structural vibration in bridge are discussed by the combined method of spectral analysis and coherence analysis, the structure-borne noise radiated from bridge is separated and identified by spatial coherence analysis and the impact area of structure-borne noise can be obtained though the analysis of multiple coherence function. Comprehensive analysis show that: coherence analysis combined with spectral analysis is an effective method to obtain the relationship between the structural vibration and structure-borne noise radiated from bridge, meanwhile the independent contributions and spectral characteristics of all structure-borne noise sources with coherent relationship can be well separated and identified, which can provide theoretical guidance for measures regarding vibration and noise reduction in bridge.
Low-frequency structure-borne noise will be produced by structural vibration of bridge under train loads, which will cause noise pollution problems for residential environment. In this paper, a noise-identification method for bridge local vibration based on coherence analysis is proposed. Firstly, the noise-identification method combining spectral analysis and coherence analysis is determined. The basic theories of spectrum analysis, coherence analysis and partial coherence analysis are introduced, and an iteration solution method is used in optimal linear input model for partial coherence analysis, then the corresponding Matlab code is written. Secondly, with the measured data in the vibration & noise test for a viaduct in Cheng-Guan Railway, the mechanisms of noise radiation from structural vibration in bridge are discussed by the combined method of spectral analysis and coherence analysis, the structure-borne noise radiated from bridge is separated and identified by spatial coherence analysis and the impact area of structure-borne noise can be obtained though the analysis of multiple coherence function. Comprehensive analysis show that: coherence analysis combined with spectral analysis is an effective method to obtain the relationship between the structural vibration and structure-borne noise radiated from bridge, meanwhile the independent contributions and spectral characteristics of all structure-borne noise sources with coherent relationship can be well separated and identified, which can provide theoretical guidance for measures regarding vibration and noise reduction in bridge.
引文
[1]张迅.轨道交通桥梁结构噪声预测与控制研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2012.Zhang Xun.Study on the prediction and control of structure-borne noise of rail transit bridges[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2012.(in Chinese)
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[5]李小珍,张迅,李亚东.高速铁路简支箱梁结构噪声的边界元方法[J].土木工程学报,2011(S1):95―101.Li Xiaozhen,Zhang Xun,Li Yadong.Application of boundary element method in study of noise from simply-supported box girder in high speed railway[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2011(S1):95―101.(in Chinese)
[6]谢旭,张鹤,山下幹夫,等.桥梁振动辐射低频噪声评估方法研究[J].土木工程学报,2008,41(10):53―59.Xie Xu,Zhang He,Yamashita Mikio,et al.Theoretical analysis of low-frequency noise radiated from bridge vibrations[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2008,41(10):53―59.(in Chinese)
[7]高飞,夏禾,曹艳梅,等.城市轨道交通高架结构振动与声辐射研究[J].振动与冲击,2012,31(4):72―76.Gao Fei,Xia He,Cao Yanmei,et al.Vibration and noise influences of elevated structures in urban railway[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2012,31(4):72―76.(in Chinese)
[8]Ngai K W,Ng C F.Structure-borne noise and vibration of concrete box structure and rail viaduct[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2002,255(2):281―297.
[9]Lee Y Y,Ngai K W,Ng C F.The local vibration modes due to impact on the edge of a viaduct[J].Applied Acoustics,2004,65(11):1077―1093.
[10]常亮.箱形梁结构的振动和噪声辐射研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2007.Chang Liang.The research on vibration and noise radiation of box beam[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University of Technology,2007.(in Chinese)
[11]孙建林.由路面不平顺引起的车桥响应频谱分析[J].工程力学,1988,5(4):122―133.Sun Jianlin.Spectral analysis of vehicle-bridge system due to road surface roughness[J].Engineering Mechanics,1988,5(4):122―133.(in Chinese)
[12]Bendat J S,Piersol A G.相关分析和谱分析的工程应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1983.Bendat J S,Piersol A G.Engineering application of coherence analysis and spectrum analysis[M].Beijing:National Defense Industry Press,1983.(in Chinese)
[13]宋晶.利用偏相干函数法识别汽车整车噪声源的研究[D].成都:西华大学,2006.Song Jing.Study of identifying vehicle noise source with partial coherence function[D].Chengdu:Xihua University,2006.(in Chinese)
[14]杨德森.利用偏相干方法识别主要激励源[J].哈尔滨工程大学学报,1994,15(3):35―44.Yang Desen.The identification of exciting sources with the partial coherence method[J].Journal of Harbin Engineering University,1994,15(3):35―44.(in Chinese)
[15]马忠成.偏相干方法分析及其工程应用[J].应用声学,1994,13(3):25―30.Ma Zhongcheng.Partial coherence analysis and its engineering applications[J].Applied Acoustics,1994,13(3):25―30.(in Chinese)
[16]李小珍,尹航,吴金峰.成灌快铁高架桥梁区段噪声测试与分析[J].噪声与振动控制,2012,33(2):183―187.Li Xiaozhen,Yin Hang,Wu Jinfeng.Experiment and analysis on noise from the elevated bridge of cheng-guan rapid railway[J].Noise and Vibration Control,2012,33(2):183―187.(in Chinese)
[17]刘孝寒.基于相干分析的高速铁路桥梁结构噪声源识别研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2012.Liu Xiaohan.Coherence theory based research on identification of structure-borne noise source from high-speed railway bridge[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2012.(in Chinese)
[18]苏木标,李建中,邹振祝,王军文.高速铁路简支梁桥有载动力特性分析[J].工程力学,2002,19(3):137―142.Su Mubiao,Li Jianzhong,Zou Zhenzhu,Wang Junwen.Analysis of loaded dynamic characteristics of simply supported beam bridges on high speed railway[J].Engineering Mechanics,2002,19(3):137―142.(in Chinese)
[2]沈锐利,高淑英,王重实.高速铁路线桥降噪措施及设计方案研究[R].成都:西南交通大学,1998.Shen Ruili,Gao Shuying,Wang Zhongshi.The method and design scheme for noise reduction in high speed railway track and bridge[R].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,1998.(in Chinese)
[3]Heckl M,Wettschureck R,Hauck G.Structure-borne sound and vibration from rail traffic[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,1996,193(1):175―184.
[4]李小珍,张黎明,张洁.公路桥梁与车辆耦合振动研究现状与发展趋势[J].工程力学,2008,25(3):230―240.Li Xiaozhen,Zhang Liming,Zhang Jie.State-of-the-art review and trend of studies on coupling vibration for vehicle and highway bridge system[J].Engineering Mechanics,2008,25(3):230―240.(in Chinese)
[5]李小珍,张迅,李亚东.高速铁路简支箱梁结构噪声的边界元方法[J].土木工程学报,2011(S1):95―101.Li Xiaozhen,Zhang Xun,Li Yadong.Application of boundary element method in study of noise from simply-supported box girder in high speed railway[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2011(S1):95―101.(in Chinese)
[6]谢旭,张鹤,山下幹夫,等.桥梁振动辐射低频噪声评估方法研究[J].土木工程学报,2008,41(10):53―59.Xie Xu,Zhang He,Yamashita Mikio,et al.Theoretical analysis of low-frequency noise radiated from bridge vibrations[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2008,41(10):53―59.(in Chinese)
[7]高飞,夏禾,曹艳梅,等.城市轨道交通高架结构振动与声辐射研究[J].振动与冲击,2012,31(4):72―76.Gao Fei,Xia He,Cao Yanmei,et al.Vibration and noise influences of elevated structures in urban railway[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2012,31(4):72―76.(in Chinese)
[8]Ngai K W,Ng C F.Structure-borne noise and vibration of concrete box structure and rail viaduct[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2002,255(2):281―297.
[9]Lee Y Y,Ngai K W,Ng C F.The local vibration modes due to impact on the edge of a viaduct[J].Applied Acoustics,2004,65(11):1077―1093.
[10]常亮.箱形梁结构的振动和噪声辐射研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2007.Chang Liang.The research on vibration and noise radiation of box beam[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University of Technology,2007.(in Chinese)
[11]孙建林.由路面不平顺引起的车桥响应频谱分析[J].工程力学,1988,5(4):122―133.Sun Jianlin.Spectral analysis of vehicle-bridge system due to road surface roughness[J].Engineering Mechanics,1988,5(4):122―133.(in Chinese)
[12]Bendat J S,Piersol A G.相关分析和谱分析的工程应用[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1983.Bendat J S,Piersol A G.Engineering application of coherence analysis and spectrum analysis[M].Beijing:National Defense Industry Press,1983.(in Chinese)
[13]宋晶.利用偏相干函数法识别汽车整车噪声源的研究[D].成都:西华大学,2006.Song Jing.Study of identifying vehicle noise source with partial coherence function[D].Chengdu:Xihua University,2006.(in Chinese)
[14]杨德森.利用偏相干方法识别主要激励源[J].哈尔滨工程大学学报,1994,15(3):35―44.Yang Desen.The identification of exciting sources with the partial coherence method[J].Journal of Harbin Engineering University,1994,15(3):35―44.(in Chinese)
[15]马忠成.偏相干方法分析及其工程应用[J].应用声学,1994,13(3):25―30.Ma Zhongcheng.Partial coherence analysis and its engineering applications[J].Applied Acoustics,1994,13(3):25―30.(in Chinese)
[16]李小珍,尹航,吴金峰.成灌快铁高架桥梁区段噪声测试与分析[J].噪声与振动控制,2012,33(2):183―187.Li Xiaozhen,Yin Hang,Wu Jinfeng.Experiment and analysis on noise from the elevated bridge of cheng-guan rapid railway[J].Noise and Vibration Control,2012,33(2):183―187.(in Chinese)
[17]刘孝寒.基于相干分析的高速铁路桥梁结构噪声源识别研究[D].成都:西南交通大学,2012.Liu Xiaohan.Coherence theory based research on identification of structure-borne noise source from high-speed railway bridge[D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2012.(in Chinese)
[18]苏木标,李建中,邹振祝,王军文.高速铁路简支梁桥有载动力特性分析[J].工程力学,2002,19(3):137―142.Su Mubiao,Li Jianzhong,Zou Zhenzhu,Wang Junwen.Analysis of loaded dynamic characteristics of simply supported beam bridges on high speed railway[J].Engineering Mechanics,2002,19(3):137―142.(in Chinese)