防冻型路面抑尘剂配方研制及性能表征
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摘要
针对露天采场路面负温环境下的扬尘特点及机理,研制出一种防冻型路面抑尘剂。基于单体实验,确定了吸湿剂、凝并剂、表面活性剂等单体及其浓度范围。通过正交实验,以失水率作为评价指标,得到最优抑尘剂配方,并对最优配方的吸湿性、抗风蚀性、毒性及冰点等性能进行测定。结果表明,防冻型路面抑尘剂具有良好的吸湿放湿性、黏结性,能够抵御30m/s的风力侵蚀,在-33.4℃时依然不结冰,且经济成本低廉,为露天矿冬季路面扬尘治理提供了一种良好的技术保障。
According to the characteristics and the mechanisms of the open pit road dust at negative temperatures,this letter developed one anti-freezing road dust-depressor.The monomers and their concentration range are initially determined by monomer selection experiments of the hygroscopic agent,coagulation agent and surfactant,respectively.Based on the orthogonal experiment,the formula of the dust-depressor is optimized by taking the water loss rate as the evaluation index.And the hydroscopicity,wind resistance,toxicity,freezing point and other properties of the optimal formula are tested in a lab environment.The experiments show that the anti-freezing road dustdepressor has better characteristics of moisture absorbing and releasing,and cohesiveness behavior,which can resist wind velocity up to 30 m/s and not freeze even at the temperature of-33.4℃.Therefore,the dust-depressor provides a good measurement for the treatment of open pit road dust.
According to the characteristics and the mechanisms of the open pit road dust at negative temperatures,this letter developed one anti-freezing road dust-depressor.The monomers and their concentration range are initially determined by monomer selection experiments of the hygroscopic agent,coagulation agent and surfactant,respectively.Based on the orthogonal experiment,the formula of the dust-depressor is optimized by taking the water loss rate as the evaluation index.And the hydroscopicity,wind resistance,toxicity,freezing point and other properties of the optimal formula are tested in a lab environment.The experiments show that the anti-freezing road dustdepressor has better characteristics of moisture absorbing and releasing,and cohesiveness behavior,which can resist wind velocity up to 30 m/s and not freeze even at the temperature of-33.4℃.Therefore,the dust-depressor provides a good measurement for the treatment of open pit road dust.
引文
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[2]杜翠凤,蔡嗣经,蒋仲安.YCH抑尘剂抑制露天矿路面扬尘的实验研究[J].北京科技大学学报,2007,29(增刊2):45-48.
[3]韩宁.汽车防冻液在低温条件下的应用[J].林业机械与木工设备,2010,38(2):56-57.
[4]陆国荣.国外露天矿汽车运输路面扬尘防治技术(二)[J].国外金属矿山,1991(12):71-78.
[5]张平,苏金升,李绍臣.露天矿山汽车运输路面扬尘的防治方法[J].露天采煤技术,2000(3):44-46.
[6]王海宁,邱贵钟.露天矿汽车运输路面抑尘剂研究[J].南方冶金学院学报,2003,24(5):98-102.
[7]金龙哲,朱吉茂,任志刚,等.露天矿公路防冻抑尘剂的研究[J].北京科技大学学报,2004,26(1):4-6.
[8]陈军良,吴超,张强.国内外路面防尘技术研究现状及评价[J].矿冶,1998,7(1):8-13,24.
[9]杜翠凤,杜建华,王婷.黏结型尾矿库抑尘剂及环境适应性[J].北京科技大学学报,2009,31(8):951-956.
[10]黄维刚,胡夫,刘楠琴.表面活性剂对煤尘湿润性能的影响研究[J].矿业安全与环保,2010,37(3):4-6,10.
[11]吴超.化学抑尘[M].长沙:中南大学出版社,2003.
[12]田雨,王洋,胡少强.高密度烃燃料冰点的DSC法测定[J].化学推进剂与高分子材料,2008,6(4):52-54.
[13]胡少强,于海成,孙莲萍,等.喷气燃料冰点的差示扫描量热法测定[J].化学推进剂与高分子材料,2004,2(4):45-46.
[14]李春英,陈荣策,吴世跃.露天矿汽车路面扬尘规律及其预防措施的研究[J].工业安全与环保,1987(11):12-15.