基于作物种植角度的黑龙江省热量资源时空格局
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摘要
基于作物种植角度分析黑龙江省1971—2014年共44年的热量资源时空特征,利用GIS精细划分积温带,对积温带的移动与变化进行分析。结果表明:近44年中,黑龙江省5、8、15℃稳定通过初日日期总体表现为偏早出现,且趋势显著,每10年提前约1.2~1.8天;生长活动期、旺盛生长期显著延长,每10年增加约1.6~3天;≥10℃积温显著增加,每10年增加84℃?d。近22年与前22年比较,黑龙江省农业种植区大部稳定通过5、8、15℃初日提前2~8天,生长活动期增加3~7天,旺盛生长期增加3~5天。第1、2积温带北移东扩显著,2500℃?d以下的积温带收缩,2500℃?d以上的积温带扩大,近30年积温带变化幅度更明显。2000s第1和第2积温带总和约占黑龙江省近半面积,基本覆盖黑龙江省主要农业种植区。研究结果对黑龙江省应对气候变化,调整农作物种植结构和品种熟性具有指导意义。
From the crop planting perspective, the authors analyzed the spatial and temporal characteristics ofheat resources in Heilongjiang from 1971 to 2014, and studied the movement and change of ATZ(accumulatedtemperature zone) by finely dividing ATZ based on GIS. The results showed that: the beginning date of thecritical temperature, such as 5℃, 8℃ and 15℃, appeared early overall over the past 44 years, and the trendwas obvious, these critical temperature advanced with a rate of 1.2-1.8 d/10 a; the growth activity period andvigorous growing period were prolonged with a rate of 1.6-3 d/10 a; ≥10℃ accumulated temperature increasedsignificantly by 84℃?d/10 a; compared with the first 22 years, in the second 22 years, the beginning date ofcritical temperature(5℃, 8℃ and 15℃) was 2-8 days in advance, the growth activity period increased 3-7 days, the vigorous growing period increased 3-5 days in major agricultural regions of Heilongjiang. The 1 stATZand 2 ndATZ obviously moved toward the north and the east, and ATZ under 2500℃?d was shrunk, and ATZabove 2500℃?d was expanded. During the past 30 years, the change ranges of the ATZ were more obvious. Thetotal area of the 1 stATZ and 2 ndATZ occupied near half of Heilongjiang in 2000 s, and covered main plantingareas. The results have certain guiding significance for dealing with the climate change, adjusting the cropplanting structure and the maturing types of variety in Heilongjiang.
From the crop planting perspective, the authors analyzed the spatial and temporal characteristics ofheat resources in Heilongjiang from 1971 to 2014, and studied the movement and change of ATZ(accumulatedtemperature zone) by finely dividing ATZ based on GIS. The results showed that: the beginning date of thecritical temperature, such as 5℃, 8℃ and 15℃, appeared early overall over the past 44 years, and the trendwas obvious, these critical temperature advanced with a rate of 1.2-1.8 d/10 a; the growth activity period andvigorous growing period were prolonged with a rate of 1.6-3 d/10 a; ≥10℃ accumulated temperature increasedsignificantly by 84℃?d/10 a; compared with the first 22 years, in the second 22 years, the beginning date ofcritical temperature(5℃, 8℃ and 15℃) was 2-8 days in advance, the growth activity period increased 3-7 days, the vigorous growing period increased 3-5 days in major agricultural regions of Heilongjiang. The 1 stATZand 2 ndATZ obviously moved toward the north and the east, and ATZ under 2500℃?d was shrunk, and ATZabove 2500℃?d was expanded. During the past 30 years, the change ranges of the ATZ were more obvious. Thetotal area of the 1 stATZ and 2 ndATZ occupied near half of Heilongjiang in 2000 s, and covered main plantingareas. The results have certain guiding significance for dealing with the climate change, adjusting the cropplanting structure and the maturing types of variety in Heilongjiang.
引文
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[14]马鹏飞,杜军,杜晓辉.1981—2014年西藏0℃界限温度变化趋势的时空分布[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(8):147-153.
[15]朱海霞,吕佳佳,李秀芬,等.SRESA2/B2情景下未来黑龙江省积温带格局的演变[J].中国农业气象,2014,35(5):485-491.
[16]谢云峰,张树文.基于数字高程模型的复杂地形下的黑龙江平均气温空间插值[J].中国农业气象,2007,28(2):205-211.
[17]魏凤英.现代气候统计诊断与预测技术[M].北京:气象出版社,2007:37-56,61-64.
[18]吕佳佳,王秋京,闫平,等.基于气温资料的黑龙江省玉米播种期分析[J].中国农业气象,2014,35(1):68-73.
[19]曹萌萌,李俏,张立友,等.黑龙江省积温时空变化及积温带重新划分[J].中国农业气象,2014,35(5):492-496.
[20]郭芬芬,肖晶晶,张蕾,等.1961—2013年中国农业界限温度的时空变化特征[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(2):489-498.
[21]方修琦,盛静芬.从黑龙江省水稻种植面积的时空变化看人类对气候变化影响的适应[J].自然资源学报,2000,15(3):213-217.
[2]气候变化国家评估报告编写组.气候变化国家评估报告[M].北京:科学出版社,2007:1-10.
[3]高蓓,邹继业,刘瑞芳.气候变暖背景下秦岭地区≥10℃热量的时空变化[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(02):155-162.
[4]季生太,杨明,纪仰慧,等.黑龙江省近45年积温变化及积温带的演变趋势[J].中国农业气象,2009,30(2):133-137.
[5]代淑媚,狄晓英,景东平,等.临汾市近30年热量资源变化特征分析[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(35):339-344.
[6]李晓鹤,朱拥军,袁佰顺,等.1964—2013年天水市热量资源变化及对农业生产的影响[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(06):153-160.
[7]车向军,周忠文,张谋草,等.陇东黄土高原地区热量资源分布演变分析及对农业生产的影响[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(32):221-226.
[8]岳伟,曹雯,杨太明,等.安徽省一季稻生长季热量资源变化特征及其对产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(11):222-228.
[9]李元华,田国强,杨贤,等.河北省近50年农业界限温度变化特征分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2011,25(5):83-88.
[10]戴声佩,李海亮,罗红霞,等.1960—2011年华南地区界限温度10℃积温时空变化分析(英文)[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2015,25(10):1155-1172.
[11]房一禾,张运福,李雨鸿,等.辽宁春季稳定通过界限温度日期的变化特征[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(29):208-214.
[12]杜军,刘英,韩晶,等.气候变化对陇东塬区界限温度和作物种植结构的影响分析[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(27):253-257.
[13]王春娟,床晨阁.陕西宝鸡市近50年0℃界限温度气候特征变化分析[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(14):289-293.
[14]马鹏飞,杜军,杜晓辉.1981—2014年西藏0℃界限温度变化趋势的时空分布[J].中国农学通报,2016,32(8):147-153.
[15]朱海霞,吕佳佳,李秀芬,等.SRESA2/B2情景下未来黑龙江省积温带格局的演变[J].中国农业气象,2014,35(5):485-491.
[16]谢云峰,张树文.基于数字高程模型的复杂地形下的黑龙江平均气温空间插值[J].中国农业气象,2007,28(2):205-211.
[17]魏凤英.现代气候统计诊断与预测技术[M].北京:气象出版社,2007:37-56,61-64.
[18]吕佳佳,王秋京,闫平,等.基于气温资料的黑龙江省玉米播种期分析[J].中国农业气象,2014,35(1):68-73.
[19]曹萌萌,李俏,张立友,等.黑龙江省积温时空变化及积温带重新划分[J].中国农业气象,2014,35(5):492-496.
[20]郭芬芬,肖晶晶,张蕾,等.1961—2013年中国农业界限温度的时空变化特征[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(2):489-498.
[21]方修琦,盛静芬.从黑龙江省水稻种植面积的时空变化看人类对气候变化影响的适应[J].自然资源学报,2000,15(3):213-217.