庆阳市气候四季变化分析及对作物种植的影响
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摘要
应用中国气象局2012年发布的气候季节划分标准QX/T 152—2012,利用庆阳市8站1981—2016年的逐日平均气温资料对庆阳市气候四季进行划分,得出该区常年气候分为无夏季区和四季分明区。结果表明:入春时间在4月中旬末至下旬初,西南早东北迟;入夏时间(四季分明区)在6月底至7月下旬,西北早中南迟;入秋时间在7月中旬末至8月中旬,东早西迟;入冬时间在10月中旬末至下旬初,东北早西南迟。采用线性相关分析法对四季分明区的入季日期进行分析得出:入春、入夏日期逐年呈现提前趋势,入冬日期呈现推后趋势,秋季持续天数呈现延长趋势,冬季持续天数呈现缩短趋势。为应对气候变化,该区近年来调整种植结构,引进了耐寒抗旱的藜麦,扩大紫花苜蓿的种植,发展畜牧业,大力发展苹果产业,加大设施农业投入。
According to the QX/T 152-2012 division standard of four seasons in climate issued by the ChinaMeteorological Administration in 2012,the authors divided climate seasons in Qingyang based on the dailyaverage temperature data of 8 stations in Qingyang from 1981 to 2016,finding that the annual climate of thisregion was divided into no summer zone and four distinctive seasons zone.The results showed that:thebeginning date of spring time was between the end of mid-April to the early late-April,earlier in southwesternregion than that in northeastern region;the beginning date of summer time was between the end of June to late-July,earlier in northwestern region than that in south-central region;the beginning date of autumn time wasbetween the end of mid-July to mid-August,earlier in eastern region than that in western region;the beginningdate of winter time was between mid-October to early late-October,earlier in northeastern region than that insouthwestern region.The authors analyzed the beginning date of each season in four distinctive seasons zone bythe methods of linear correlation analysis.The results showed that the beginning date of spring and summerhad an advanced trend,the beginning date of winter had a postponed trend;the duration of autumn showed anextended trend,and the duration of winter showed a shortened trend.In response to climate change,this regionhas adjusted the planting structure in recent years,introduced hardy and drought-resistant quinoa,expandedalfalfa cultivation,developed animal husbandry,and increased the input to facility agriculture.
According to the QX/T 152-2012 division standard of four seasons in climate issued by the ChinaMeteorological Administration in 2012,the authors divided climate seasons in Qingyang based on the dailyaverage temperature data of 8 stations in Qingyang from 1981 to 2016,finding that the annual climate of thisregion was divided into no summer zone and four distinctive seasons zone.The results showed that:thebeginning date of spring time was between the end of mid-April to the early late-April,earlier in southwesternregion than that in northeastern region;the beginning date of summer time was between the end of June to late-July,earlier in northwestern region than that in south-central region;the beginning date of autumn time wasbetween the end of mid-July to mid-August,earlier in eastern region than that in western region;the beginningdate of winter time was between mid-October to early late-October,earlier in northeastern region than that insouthwestern region.The authors analyzed the beginning date of each season in four distinctive seasons zone bythe methods of linear correlation analysis.The results showed that the beginning date of spring and summerhad an advanced trend,the beginning date of winter had a postponed trend;the duration of autumn showed anextended trend,and the duration of winter showed a shortened trend.In response to climate change,this regionhas adjusted the planting structure in recent years,introduced hardy and drought-resistant quinoa,expandedalfalfa cultivation,developed animal husbandry,and increased the input to facility agriculture.
引文
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[17]张谋草,赵玮,邓振镛,等.分期播种对陇东地区玉米产量的影响及适宜播期分析[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(33):28-33.
[18]张艳艳,赵玮,高庆先,等.气候变化背景下陇东塬区‘红富士’苹果始花期研究[J].果树学报,2017,34(4):427-434.
[19]张谋草,姚晓红,张红妮,等.庆阳市苹果花期霜冻灾害气象风险评估[J].农学学报,2015,5(5):114-117.
[20]李俊.宁夏中部干旱带旱作农业特点与机械化耕作技术[J].现代农业科技,2016(3):215转221.
[21]刘笑.宽膜多沟机械化多功能耕作技术[J].当代农机,2011(11):66-67.
[2]张东海,白慧,周文钰,等.气候季节划分标准在贵州地区的适用性分析[J].高原山地气象研究,2014,34(4):77-82.
[3]陈城,谷德高.不同气候季节划分标准在武汉黄陂的比较性研究[J].湖北农业科学,2014,53(21):5151-5155.
[4]陈实,高超,黄银兰,等.不同季节划分尺度下巢湖流域气候变化趋势分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2013,22(5):582-587.
[5]中国气象局.气候季节划分,QX/T 152—2012[S].北京:气象出版社,2012:4-7.
[6]张谋草,赵满来,张红妮,等.气候变化对陇东塬区冬小麦生长发育及产量的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2005,23(5):232-235.
[7]姚玉璧,王润元,杨金虎,等.黄土高原半湿润区气候变化对冬小麦生长发育及产量影响[J].生态学报,2012,32(16):5154-5163.
[8]王位泰,张天峰,蒲金勇,等.黄土高原中部冬小麦生长对气候变暖和春季晚霜冻变化响应[J].中国农业气象,2011,32(1):6-11.
[9]郭海英,万信,杨兴国,等.冬小麦冬前旺长及资源损耗现象分析[J].土壤通报,2008,39(6):1252-1255.
[10]邓振镛,张宇飞,刘德祥,等.干旱气候变化对甘肃省干旱灾害的影响及防旱减灾技术研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2007,25(4):94-99.
[11]杜军,刘英,韩晶,等.气候变化对陇东塬区界限温度和作物种植结构的影响分析[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(27):253-257.
[12]车向军,周忠文,张谋草,等.陇东黄土高原地区热量资源分布演变分析及对农业生产的影响[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(32):221-226.
[13]李进才.藜麦的生物学特性及栽培技术[J].天津农林科技,2016(3):23-26.
[14]黄杰,杨发荣,李敏权,等.13个藜麦材料在甘肃临夏旱作区适应性的初步评价[J].草业学报,2016,25(3):191-201.
[15]魏玉明,黄杰,顾娴,等.甘肃省藜麦产业现状及必展思路[J].作物杂志,2016(1):12-15.
[16]刘萍凝.把庆阳苹果做成“水果拼盘”—我市调整苹果产业结构调查[N].陇东报,2017-4-27(第一版).
[17]张谋草,赵玮,邓振镛,等.分期播种对陇东地区玉米产量的影响及适宜播期分析[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(33):28-33.
[18]张艳艳,赵玮,高庆先,等.气候变化背景下陇东塬区‘红富士’苹果始花期研究[J].果树学报,2017,34(4):427-434.
[19]张谋草,姚晓红,张红妮,等.庆阳市苹果花期霜冻灾害气象风险评估[J].农学学报,2015,5(5):114-117.
[20]李俊.宁夏中部干旱带旱作农业特点与机械化耕作技术[J].现代农业科技,2016(3):215转221.
[21]刘笑.宽膜多沟机械化多功能耕作技术[J].当代农机,2011(11):66-67.