VR移动城市导航地图设计中的空间认知要素
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摘要
虚拟现实(virtual reality,VR)环境中,移动导航地图设计的空间认知要素是影响用户导航绩效的重要因素。借鉴现实环境中移动城市导航地图设计原则,将空间认知要素分为有、无空间认知价值两种,引入VR环境,探究不同搜索任务中两种要素对导航绩效的影响,并分析性别及被试空间认知能力差异造成的效果差别,以期提出VR环境中移动城市导航地图的界面设计原则。研究结果表明,与现实环境一致,VR移动城市导航地图设计中,有、无空间认知价值的要素存在差异,有空间认知价值的要素可显著提高被试导航绩效;在目标搜索任务中,被试性别存在差异,男性被试使用无空间认知价值的实验地图导航绩效显著高于女性;被试在空间认知能力上不存在差异。该研究结果可为VR移动导航地图的界面设计提供依据。
The spatial cognitive element of virtual reality(VR) mobile navigation map is an important factor that affects navigation efficiency. Based on the analysis in the real environment, this paper divides spatial cognitive elements of mobile city navigation map into two kinds,with and without value.Then, it introduces the analysis conclusion into VR environment to explore the influence of spatial cognitive elements of mobile map design on navigation efficiency in different search tasks. This paper also analyzes the gender differences and the space cognitive ability differences of the effect to verify the applicability of the conclusions in the VR environment. Finally, we proposed the design principles of mobile navigation map in the VR environment. The result shows that: Consistent with the real environment, there are differences in spatial cognitive element with and without spatial cognitive value, and the elements with cognitive value can significantly improve the navigation efficiency. In the target search task, there are differences in gender. Men's navigation efficiency is significantly higher than women's when using the element without spatial cognitive value; there is no difference in spatial cognitive ability. The results of this study can provide the basis for the interface design of VR mobile navigation map.
The spatial cognitive element of virtual reality(VR) mobile navigation map is an important factor that affects navigation efficiency. Based on the analysis in the real environment, this paper divides spatial cognitive elements of mobile city navigation map into two kinds,with and without value.Then, it introduces the analysis conclusion into VR environment to explore the influence of spatial cognitive elements of mobile map design on navigation efficiency in different search tasks. This paper also analyzes the gender differences and the space cognitive ability differences of the effect to verify the applicability of the conclusions in the VR environment. Finally, we proposed the design principles of mobile navigation map in the VR environment. The result shows that: Consistent with the real environment, there are differences in spatial cognitive element with and without spatial cognitive value, and the elements with cognitive value can significantly improve the navigation efficiency. In the target search task, there are differences in gender. Men's navigation efficiency is significantly higher than women's when using the element without spatial cognitive value; there is no difference in spatial cognitive ability. The results of this study can provide the basis for the interface design of VR mobile navigation map.
引文
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[17]Li Ping.Study on the Relationship Between Graphics Education and Space Cognitive Ability Based on MCT[J].Journal of Graphics,2006,27(3):156-160(李平.基于MCT测试评价图学教育与空间认知能力关系的研究[J].图学学报,2006,27(3):156-160)
[18]Burnett G E.“Turn Right at the King’s Head”Drivers’Requirements for Route Guidance Information[D].UK:Loughborough University of Technology,1998
[19]Coluccia E,Iosue G,Brandimonte M A.The Relationship Between Map Drawing and Spatial Orientation Abilities:A Study of Gender Differences[J].Journal of Environmental Psychology,2007,27(2):135-144
[20]Xu Bingli,Jing Tao,Lin Hui,et al.CryEngine Based Virtual Geographic Environments Construction[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2017,42(1):28-34(徐丙立,荆涛,林珲,等.利用CryEngine构建虚拟地理环境[J].武汉大学学报·信息科学版,2017,42(1):28-34)
[2]Stanney K M,Mourant R R,Kennedy R S.Human Factors Issues in Virtual Environments:A Review of the Literature[J].Presence,2006,7(4):327-351
[3]Riecke B E,Bodenheimer B,Mcnamara T P,et al.Do We Need to Walk for Effective Virtual Reality Navigation?Physical Rotations Alone May Suffice[M]//Spatial Cognition VII.Berlin,Heidelberg:Springer,2010
[4]Ilkay U,Ugur H,Kemal L.3D Cognitive Map Construction by Active Stereo Vision in a Virtual World[M].Berlin,Heidelberg:Springer,2004:400-409
[5]Li Deren.Brain Cognition and Spatial Cognition:On Integration of Geo-Spatial Big Data and Artificial Intelligence[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2018,43(12):1 761-1 767(李德仁.脑认知与空间认知--论空间大数据与人工智能的集成[J].武汉大学学报·信息科学版,2018,43(12):1 761-1 767)
[6]Liang Ningjian.Contemporary Cognitive Psychology[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Education Publishing House,2014:26-33(梁宁建.当代认知心理学[M].上海:上海教育出版社,2014:26-33)
[7]Gl?scher J,Daw N,Dayan P,et al.States Versus Rewards:Dissociable Neural Prediction Error Signals Underlying Model-Based and Model-Free Reinforcement Learning[J].Neuron,2010,66(4):585-595
[8]Lynch K.The Image of the City[M].Massachusetts:The MIT Press,2006:46-68
[9]Zhao Changkun.Understanding Human Spatial Navigation Behaviors:A Novel Cognitive Modeling Approach[D].Pennsylvania:The Pennsylvania State University,2016
[10]Shu Hong.The Being of Geographical Space[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2004,29(10):868-871(舒红.地理空间的存在[J].武汉大学学报·信息科学版,2004,29(10):868-871)
[11]Ning Yongxiang,Liu Zhaoqin,Xie Caixiang.Design of Mobile Navigation Digital Map Based on Space Cognitive Theory[J].Engineering of Surveying and Mapping,2007,16(2):43-46(宁永香,刘召芹,谢彩香.基于空间认知理论的移动导航电子地图设计[J].测绘工程,2007,16(2):43-46)
[12]Zhang Xiaonan,Jiang Nan,Feng Changqiang,et al.Research on Spatial Cognition of LBS Mobile Navigation Map[J].Surveying and Mapping of Geology and Mineral Resources,2013,29(3):3-5(张晓楠,江南,冯长强,等.LBS移动导航地图的空间认知研究[J].地矿测绘,2013,29(3):3-5)
[13]Lawton C A.Gender Differences in Way-Finding Strategies:Relationship to Spatial Ability and Spatial Anxiety[J].Sex Roles,1994,30(11-12):765-779
[14]Fang Huicong,Zhou Lin.The Effect of Gender,Wayfinding Strategy and Navigational Support on Wayfinding Behaviour[J].Acta Psychologica Sinica,2012,44(8):1 058-1 065(房慧聪,周琳.性别、寻路策略与导航方式对寻路行为的影响[J].心理学报,2012,44(8):1 058-1 065)
[15]Darken R P,Cevik H.Map Usage in Virtual Environments:Orientation Issues[C].IEEE Virtual Reality Proceedings,Houston,USA,1999
[16]Roskosewoldsen B,Mcnamara T P,Shelton A L,et al.Mental Representations of Large and Small Spatial Layouts are Orientation Dependent[J].Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory&Cognition,1998,24(1):215-226
[17]Li Ping.Study on the Relationship Between Graphics Education and Space Cognitive Ability Based on MCT[J].Journal of Graphics,2006,27(3):156-160(李平.基于MCT测试评价图学教育与空间认知能力关系的研究[J].图学学报,2006,27(3):156-160)
[18]Burnett G E.“Turn Right at the King’s Head”Drivers’Requirements for Route Guidance Information[D].UK:Loughborough University of Technology,1998
[19]Coluccia E,Iosue G,Brandimonte M A.The Relationship Between Map Drawing and Spatial Orientation Abilities:A Study of Gender Differences[J].Journal of Environmental Psychology,2007,27(2):135-144
[20]Xu Bingli,Jing Tao,Lin Hui,et al.CryEngine Based Virtual Geographic Environments Construction[J].Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2017,42(1):28-34(徐丙立,荆涛,林珲,等.利用CryEngine构建虚拟地理环境[J].武汉大学学报·信息科学版,2017,42(1):28-34)