地球同步轨道卫星结构爆炸解体碎片的轨道仿真
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摘要
为快速确定与预报卫星在轨爆炸解体产生的大量空间碎片的轨道,提出了一种基于ANSYS/AUTODYN、MATLAB、STK等多软件平台联合仿真分析卫星结构爆炸解体碎片运行轨道的方法。利用ANSYS/AUTODYN对典型薄壁圆柱模拟地球同步轨道卫星结构进行爆炸数值分析,得到碎片的数量、质量分布和速度特性信息。再利用MATLAB软件对卫星爆炸仿真得到的碎片参数进行处理,将处理后的数据导入到STK软件的通用摄动SGP4模型中,得出卫星爆炸碎片的早期轨道数据。最后对爆炸碎片的轨道分布、速度增量、轨道演化等进行分析。结果表明:该方法能满足大量爆炸碎片的轨道仿真要求,能有效提高碎片轨道信息转换效率,对目前难以跟踪的cm级以下碎片,也能提供相应的初始轨道数据,使用方便,通用性好。研究结果可为快速捕获卫星爆炸碎片,及时规避航天器碰撞风险提供参考。
In order to fast determine and predict the orbit of the large amount of space debris generated by satellite's on-orbit explosion and disintegration, a method based on the joint simulation analysis of multi-software platforms such as ANSYS/AUTODYN, MATLAB, and STK for simulating the debris orbit of the satellite structure is proposed. Firstly, ANSYS/AUTODYN is used to numerically analyze the explosion of a typical thin-walled cylindrical analog satellite structure. The number, mass distribution and velocity characteristics of space debris are obtained. Then debris parameters obtained from the satellite explosion simulation are imported into the STK software after being processed by MATLAB. The SPG4 perturbation model is applied to obtain early orbit data of satellite explosion debris. Finally, the orbital distribution, velocity increment and orbital evolution of the explosion debris are analyzed. The results show that this method can meet the requirements of the orbit simulation of dealing with a large number of explosion debris, effectively improving the efficiency of debris orbit information conversion. It can also provide corresponding initial orbit data for the sub-centimeter-level fragments which are difficult to track at present. It is easy to be used and has good versatility. The research results can provide a reference for the rapid capture of satellite debris and the collision avoidance of the spacecraft in a timely manner.
In order to fast determine and predict the orbit of the large amount of space debris generated by satellite's on-orbit explosion and disintegration, a method based on the joint simulation analysis of multi-software platforms such as ANSYS/AUTODYN, MATLAB, and STK for simulating the debris orbit of the satellite structure is proposed. Firstly, ANSYS/AUTODYN is used to numerically analyze the explosion of a typical thin-walled cylindrical analog satellite structure. The number, mass distribution and velocity characteristics of space debris are obtained. Then debris parameters obtained from the satellite explosion simulation are imported into the STK software after being processed by MATLAB. The SPG4 perturbation model is applied to obtain early orbit data of satellite explosion debris. Finally, the orbital distribution, velocity increment and orbital evolution of the explosion debris are analyzed. The results show that this method can meet the requirements of the orbit simulation of dealing with a large number of explosion debris, effectively improving the efficiency of debris orbit information conversion. It can also provide corresponding initial orbit data for the sub-centimeter-level fragments which are difficult to track at present. It is easy to be used and has good versatility. The research results can provide a reference for the rapid capture of satellite debris and the collision avoidance of the spacecraft in a timely manner.
引文
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[5] BENDISCH J, BUNTE K, KLINKRAD H, et al. The MASTER-2001 model[J].Advances in Space Research, 2004, 34(5): 959-968.
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[8] 刘晓东. 基于探测数据获取空间碎片轨道参数方法研究[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学, 2014.
[9] 庞宝君, 许可. 空间碎片数据形式及轨道演化算法[J]. 上海航天, 2011, 28(1): 50-55.
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[11] JULIEN H L, WOODS S S, RATHGEEBER K, et al. Explosive events initiated by pyrovalves[R]. AIAA, 99-2309, 1999.
[12] 石少卿, 汪敏, 孙波, 等. AUTODYN工程动力分析及应用实例[M]. 北京: 中国建筑工业出版社, 2012: 40.
[13] 张雅声, 樊鹏山, 刘海洋, 等. 掌握和精通卫星工具箱STK[M]. 北京: 国防工业出版社, 2011: 216.
[2] JOHNSON N L, STANSBERY E, WHITLOCK D O, et al. History of on-orbit satellite fragmentations[R]. 14th ed. NASA/TM, 2008-214779, 2008.
[3] MATNEY M. NASA’s new engineering model ORDEM2008[J]. Orbital Debris Quarterly News, 2008, 12(2): 5-8.
[4] JOHNSON N L, KRISKO P H, LIOU J C, et al. NASA’s new breakup model of evolve 4.0[J]. Advances in Space Research, 2001, 28(9): 1377-1384.
[5] BENDISCH J, BUNTE K, KLINKRAD H, et al. The MASTER-2001 model[J].Advances in Space Research, 2004, 34(5): 959-968.
[6] 都亨, 张文祥, 庞宝君, 等. 空间碎片[M]. 北京: 中国宇航出版社, 2007: 73.
[7] 白显宗. 空间目标碰撞预警中的碰撞概率问题研究[D]. 长沙: 国防科技大学, 2008.
[8] 刘晓东. 基于探测数据获取空间碎片轨道参数方法研究[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学, 2014.
[9] 庞宝君, 许可. 空间碎片数据形式及轨道演化算法[J]. 上海航天, 2011, 28(1): 50-55.
[10] 付兆萍. 卫星轨道运动方程数值算法研究[D]. 武汉: 华中科技大学, 2006.
[11] JULIEN H L, WOODS S S, RATHGEEBER K, et al. Explosive events initiated by pyrovalves[R]. AIAA, 99-2309, 1999.
[12] 石少卿, 汪敏, 孙波, 等. AUTODYN工程动力分析及应用实例[M]. 北京: 中国建筑工业出版社, 2012: 40.
[13] 张雅声, 樊鹏山, 刘海洋, 等. 掌握和精通卫星工具箱STK[M]. 北京: 国防工业出版社, 2011: 216.