基于遗传算法的FSC赛车转向梯形设计及优化
|
摘要
转向系统的设计及优化一直是大学生方程式赛车操控性能提升的关键技术之一,逐渐成为各参赛车队深入研究的新热点。以赛车动力学理论为基础进行赛车转向运动学设计,推导了刚体轮胎和考虑轮胎侧偏角的阿克曼转向理想模型,以此为目标函数,建立了基于遗传算法的转向梯形断开点优化模型,最后结合整车仿真对两种优化后的转向梯形进行对比,结果表明:考虑轮胎侧偏角的阿克曼转向梯形能使外侧车轮获得更大的转角,减小赛车转弯半径,可提高赛车在弯道中的操纵性能,证明应在赛车转向梯形的设计过程中充分考虑轮胎侧偏角的影响;基于遗传算法优化后的转向梯形与理想的阿克曼转向模型符合度很高,有效地缩短了赛车研发周期。
The design and optimization of the steering system are always one of the key technologies for improving the handling performance of FSC,and gradually become a new hot spot for the participating teams to further study. Based on the theory of racing dynamics,the steering kinematics design of the racing car was carried out. The Ackerman steering ideal model based on rigid tires and considering the slip angle of the tire was derived respectively. Taking it as an objective function,the optimization model for steering trapezoidal breakpoint was established based on the genetic algorithm. Finally,the two optimized steering trapezoids were compared with each other through vehicle simulation. The results show that the Ackermann steering trapezoid considering the tire slip angle can make the outer steering wheel get a larger steering angle and reduce the turning radius of the car,and improve the handling performance of the car in corners,which proves that the influence of the slip angle should be fully considered in the design process of the steering trapezoid of racing car. The optimized steering trapezoid based on the genetic algorithm is highly consistent with the ideal Ackerman steering model,which effectively shortens the development cycle for car.
The design and optimization of the steering system are always one of the key technologies for improving the handling performance of FSC,and gradually become a new hot spot for the participating teams to further study. Based on the theory of racing dynamics,the steering kinematics design of the racing car was carried out. The Ackerman steering ideal model based on rigid tires and considering the slip angle of the tire was derived respectively. Taking it as an objective function,the optimization model for steering trapezoidal breakpoint was established based on the genetic algorithm. Finally,the two optimized steering trapezoids were compared with each other through vehicle simulation. The results show that the Ackermann steering trapezoid considering the tire slip angle can make the outer steering wheel get a larger steering angle and reduce the turning radius of the car,and improve the handling performance of the car in corners,which proves that the influence of the slip angle should be fully considered in the design process of the steering trapezoid of racing car. The optimized steering trapezoid based on the genetic algorithm is highly consistent with the ideal Ackerman steering model,which effectively shortens the development cycle for car.
引文
[1]余志生.汽车理论[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2009.
[2]王霄锋.汽车底盘设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2010.
[3](日)安部正人.车辆操纵动力学[M].喻凡,译.北京:机械工业出版社,2016.
[4]陈思忠,倪俊,吴志成.基于特定赛道的方程式赛车转向梯形优化与虚拟试验[J].机械传动,2012(9):67-70.CHEN S Z,NI J,WU Z C.Optimization and Virtual Test of Steering Trapezoid of Formula Racing Car Based on Particular Race Track[J].Journal of Mechanical Transmission,2012(9):67-70.
[5]龚鹏举,郭莉,腾艳琼,等.FSC赛车前悬架的运动学设计及优化[J].汽车零部件,2017(1):9-11.GONG P J,GUO L,TENG Y Q,et al.Design and Optimization for Front Suspension Kinematics of FSC Racing Car[J].Automobile Parts,2007(1):9-11.
[6]陈军.MSC.ADAMS技术与工程分析实例[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2008.
[2]王霄锋.汽车底盘设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2010.
[3](日)安部正人.车辆操纵动力学[M].喻凡,译.北京:机械工业出版社,2016.
[4]陈思忠,倪俊,吴志成.基于特定赛道的方程式赛车转向梯形优化与虚拟试验[J].机械传动,2012(9):67-70.CHEN S Z,NI J,WU Z C.Optimization and Virtual Test of Steering Trapezoid of Formula Racing Car Based on Particular Race Track[J].Journal of Mechanical Transmission,2012(9):67-70.
[5]龚鹏举,郭莉,腾艳琼,等.FSC赛车前悬架的运动学设计及优化[J].汽车零部件,2017(1):9-11.GONG P J,GUO L,TENG Y Q,et al.Design and Optimization for Front Suspension Kinematics of FSC Racing Car[J].Automobile Parts,2007(1):9-11.
[6]陈军.MSC.ADAMS技术与工程分析实例[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2008.