转基因动物及其产品的主要管理制度
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摘要
转基因三文鱼被美国FDA批准上市,成为世界上首个获批可直接食用的转基因动物食品,开启了转基因动物商品化的大门。为对转基因动物及其产品进行有效的监管,世界各国均在不同程度上制订了管理制度,其中主要包括安全性评价制度和转基因成分标识管理制度。文中对猪、牛、羊等转基因动物的研发现状和转基因动物的检测技术进行了阐述,对世界主要国家/地区的转基因动物及其食品安全性评价制度和转基因成分标识制度的发展现状进行了综述,最后对转基因动物及其产品的发展做出了展望。
Transgenic salmon has been approved by FDA and become the first approved genetically modified food( GMF) of animals that can be eaten directly. Currently,in order to effectively regulate genetically modified animals and their products,the differernt management systems have been formulated by many countries in the world. They mainly include safety evaluation systems and labeling systems for transgenic components. In this article,the status of research and development of transgenic animals such as swine,cattle,and sheep and the detection techniques of transgenic animals are described. The development of transgenic animals GMF evaluation systems and labeling systems of transgenic component in major countries/regions in the world are also introduced. In the end of article,the prospects for the development of transgenic animals and their products are made.
Transgenic salmon has been approved by FDA and become the first approved genetically modified food( GMF) of animals that can be eaten directly. Currently,in order to effectively regulate genetically modified animals and their products,the differernt management systems have been formulated by many countries in the world. They mainly include safety evaluation systems and labeling systems for transgenic components. In this article,the status of research and development of transgenic animals such as swine,cattle,and sheep and the detection techniques of transgenic animals are described. The development of transgenic animals GMF evaluation systems and labeling systems of transgenic component in major countries/regions in the world are also introduced. In the end of article,the prospects for the development of transgenic animals and their products are made.
引文
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[9] Sekhavati M H,Hosseini S M,Tahmoorespur M,et al. PhiC31-based site-specific transgenesis system for production of transgenic bovine embryos by somatic cell nuclear transfer and intracytoplasmic sperm injection[J]. Cell Journal,2018,20(1):98-107.
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[14]李全芬.转基因牛基因芯片检测方法的建立[D].南京:南京师范大学,2011.
[15] Donyavi T,Bandehpour M,Kazemi B. Preparation of transgenic Iranian lizard Leishmania coding HIL-12[J]. Iran J Microbiol,2017,9(5):305-311.
[16]党惠子,李瑞晟,王虹,等.姜黄素对APP/PS1双转基因小鼠海马CA1区AKT及p-AKT表达的影响[J].中国中药杂志,2013,38(19):3327-3331.
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[19] Bao Z,Gao X,Zhang Q. The effect of GH transgenic goats on the microflora of the intestine feces and surroundingsoil[J]. PLoS One,2015,10(10):e0139822.
[20] Zhou C,Wang J,Sun N,et al. Allergenicity of recombinant human lactoferrin to an animal model Brown Norway rats[J]. Food Agr Immunol,2014,25(1):34-48.
[21]徐盼. BAC介导转FSHa/b基因公猪的分子鉴定和生物安全评价[D].南昌:江西农业大学,2016.
[22]卓勤.各国转基因食品标识制度概况分析[J].中国食品学报,2014,25(8):16-20.
[23] Costanigro M,Lusk J L. The signaling effect of mandatory labels on genetically engineered food[J]. Food Policy,2014,49(P1):259-267.
[24]吉小燕,侯雅莉.国外转基因标识、阈值设定与审批管理对中国转基因大豆进口的影响[J].南京农业大学学报(社会科学版),2015,15(2):57-64.
[25]梁戈,先蕾,杨玉,等.日本转基因食品安全标识制度及其对世界转基因食品行业影响和启示[J].价值工程,2016,35(26):308-310.
[26] Wohlers A E. Labeling of genetic modified food-closer to reality in the United States?[J]. Politics Life Sci,2013,32(1):74-84.
[27] Lusk J L,Mcfadden B R,Rickard B J. Which biotech foods are most acceptable to the public?[J]. Biotechnol J,2015,10(1):13-16.
[28] Mcfadden B R. The unknowns and possible implications of mandatory labeling[J]. Trends Biotechnol,2017,35(1):1-3.
[29] Twardowski T,Malyska A. Uninformed and disinformed society and the GMO market[J]. Trends Biotechnol,2015,33(1):1-3.
[30] Li W,Li H. Predicament of Chinese legislation on genetically modified food(GMF)labeling management and solutions-from the perspective of the new food safety law[J]. J Sci Food Agric,2017,97(14):4737-4743.
[2] Wang X,Dong A,Xiao J,et al. Overcoming HBV immune tolerance to eliminate HBsAg-positive hepatocytes via pre-administration of GM-CSF as a novel adjuvant for a hepatitis B vaccine in HBV transgenic mice[J]. Cell Mol Immunol,2016,13(6):849-861.
[3] Sper R B,Koh S,Zhang X,et al. Generation of a stable transgenic swine model expressing a porcine histone 2B-e GFP fusion protein for cell tracking and chromosome dynamics studies[J]. PLoS One,2017,12(1):e0169242.
[4]李晓琳,王勤,朱振营,等.肌肉生成抑制素基因敲除猪多重PCR检测方法的建立[J].南京农业大学学报, 2015, 38(6):993-997.
[5]何祖勇,刘志国,孙燕霞,等.共表达3种纤维素降解酶的转基因小鼠模型的建立与分析[J].畜牧兽医学报,2016,47(6):1162-1169.
[6] Ni W,Hu S,Qiao J,et al. Suppression of bovine viral diarrhea virus replication by single and dual short hairpin RNA-mediated RNA interference[J]. Res Vet Sci,2012,93(1):544-548.
[7] Moghaddassi S,Eyestone W,Bishop C E. TALEN-mediated modification of the bovine genome for large-scale production of human serum albumin[J]. PLoS One,2014,9(2):e89631.
[8] Zeng F,Li Z,Zhu Q,et al. Production of functional human nerve growth factor from the saliva of transgenic mice by using salivary glands as bioreactors[J]. Sci Rep,2017,7:41270-41282.
[9] Sekhavati M H,Hosseini S M,Tahmoorespur M,et al. PhiC31-based site-specific transgenesis system for production of transgenic bovine embryos by somatic cell nuclear transfer and intracytoplasmic sperm injection[J]. Cell Journal,2018,20(1):98-107.
[10] Zhang Y L,Xing R Z,Luo X B,et al. Anxiety-like behavior and dysregulation of miR-34a in triple transgenic mice of Alzheimer's disease[J]. EurRev Med Pharmacol Sci, 2016, 2016(13):2853-2862.
[11]马馨,陈奕冰,张鹏,等.转基因小鼠多重PCR快速检测方法的建立[J].中国兽医学报, 2013, 33(9):1403-1406,1416.
[12] Tao C,Yang Y,Li X,et al. Rapid and sensitive detection of s FAT-1 transgenic pigs by visual loop-mediated isothermal amplification[J]. Appl Biochem Biotechnol,2016,179(6):938-946.
[13] Zhai S,Liu C,Zhang Q,et al. Detection of two exogenous genes in transgenic cattle by loop-mediated isothermal amplification[J].Transgenic Res,2012,21(6),1367-1373.
[14]李全芬.转基因牛基因芯片检测方法的建立[D].南京:南京师范大学,2011.
[15] Donyavi T,Bandehpour M,Kazemi B. Preparation of transgenic Iranian lizard Leishmania coding HIL-12[J]. Iran J Microbiol,2017,9(5):305-311.
[16]党惠子,李瑞晟,王虹,等.姜黄素对APP/PS1双转基因小鼠海马CA1区AKT及p-AKT表达的影响[J].中国中药杂志,2013,38(19):3327-3331.
[17] Zhou C,Wang J W,Huang K L,et al. A 90-day safety study in Sprague-Dawley rats fed milk powder containing recombinant human lactoferrin(rhLF)derived from transgenic cloned cattle[J]. Drug Chem Toxicol,2011,34(4):359-368.
[18]鲍弯弯,袁森,谢远红,等. tlr4基因对羊肠道细菌影响的研究[J].北京农学院学报,2017,32(1):84-89.
[19] Bao Z,Gao X,Zhang Q. The effect of GH transgenic goats on the microflora of the intestine feces and surroundingsoil[J]. PLoS One,2015,10(10):e0139822.
[20] Zhou C,Wang J,Sun N,et al. Allergenicity of recombinant human lactoferrin to an animal model Brown Norway rats[J]. Food Agr Immunol,2014,25(1):34-48.
[21]徐盼. BAC介导转FSHa/b基因公猪的分子鉴定和生物安全评价[D].南昌:江西农业大学,2016.
[22]卓勤.各国转基因食品标识制度概况分析[J].中国食品学报,2014,25(8):16-20.
[23] Costanigro M,Lusk J L. The signaling effect of mandatory labels on genetically engineered food[J]. Food Policy,2014,49(P1):259-267.
[24]吉小燕,侯雅莉.国外转基因标识、阈值设定与审批管理对中国转基因大豆进口的影响[J].南京农业大学学报(社会科学版),2015,15(2):57-64.
[25]梁戈,先蕾,杨玉,等.日本转基因食品安全标识制度及其对世界转基因食品行业影响和启示[J].价值工程,2016,35(26):308-310.
[26] Wohlers A E. Labeling of genetic modified food-closer to reality in the United States?[J]. Politics Life Sci,2013,32(1):74-84.
[27] Lusk J L,Mcfadden B R,Rickard B J. Which biotech foods are most acceptable to the public?[J]. Biotechnol J,2015,10(1):13-16.
[28] Mcfadden B R. The unknowns and possible implications of mandatory labeling[J]. Trends Biotechnol,2017,35(1):1-3.
[29] Twardowski T,Malyska A. Uninformed and disinformed society and the GMO market[J]. Trends Biotechnol,2015,33(1):1-3.
[30] Li W,Li H. Predicament of Chinese legislation on genetically modified food(GMF)labeling management and solutions-from the perspective of the new food safety law[J]. J Sci Food Agric,2017,97(14):4737-4743.